Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering. It is Machine Effort and Human Effort IE. 3.71+ Million Page View Blog. 200,000+ visitors. (36,500+ pv, 21000+ visitors in 2024.)------------------
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To do total cost industrial engineering, Industrial engineers have to analyze cost of sales account.
Cost of sales account is an appropriate summation of job cost accounts, process cost accounts and cost center costs. Industrial engineers should be able to divide the total cost of sales of the company into various underlying accounts to identify cost reduction challenges and opportunities.
Accounting: Cost of Goods Manufactured/ Cost of Goods Sold: Part I
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Accounting: Cost of Goods Manufactured/Cost of Goods Sold (Part II)
See the recording keeping specified for Textile Industry in India regarding cost.
COST ACCOUNTING RECORDS (TEXTILES) RULES 1977
MINISTRY OF LAW JUSTICE AND COMPANY AFFAIRS NOTIFICATION
NEW DELHI THE 28TH JUNE 1977
COST ACCOUNTING RECORDS (TEXTILES) RULES 1977 http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/PDFs/text.pdf
Function Points were first described by Albrecht (Albrecht, 1979), and have since been accepted by much of the software development community. The basic idea is that LOC are not measured, but rather the functionality of the developed program. This clearly removes the numeric advantage or disadvantage of the programming language. Some languages take longer to achieve the same functionality, but run faster and are more portable. Function Points still do not address the problems of internal documentation (DECLAREs, COMMENTs, etc.) in the software itself..
Wearable Sensors for Low-Voltage Motors
New sensors from ABB are designed to bring condition monitoring and preventative maintenance to low-voltage motors that are typically not part of asset management programs. http://www.automationworld.com/wearable-sensors-low-voltage-motors
A Physical Internet where goods travel in modular containers for the sake of interconnection in open networks.
Ballot, E, B. Montreuil and F. Fontane (2010).
Topology of Logistic Networks and the Potential of a Physical Internet
CGS-Production and Logistics Systems, École des Mines de Paris, France et CIRRELT, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
Abstract : The topology of the logistic networks that contribute contemporary logistics is minimally examined or challenged in the assessment and improvement of the performance of supply chains, logistic and freight transportation. In this paper, it is shown that the topology of logistic networks has a major performance impact and that it can be significantly improved if the actual organization of flows is substituted by an organization founded on the universal interconnectivity of logistic networks: the Physical Internet.
The performance of contemporary vs. Physical Internet enabled network topologies is measured and contrasted through transportation throughput requirements, flow travel, and total costs.
Ballot, E., B. Montreuil & C. Thivierge (2012),
Montreuil B. (2011)
Towards a Physical Internet: Meeting the Global Logistics Sustainability Grand Challenge
Logistics Research, Vol. 3, No. 2-3, p. 71-87.
Abstract : This paper starts with the assertion that the way physical objects are currently transported, handled, stored, realized, supplied, and used throughout the world is unsustainable economically, environmentally, and socially. Evidence supporting this assertion is exposed through a set of key unsustainability symptoms.
It suggests exploiting the Digital Internet metaphor to develop a Physical Internet vision toward meeting this grand challenge. The paradigm breaking vision is introduced through a set of its key characteristics. The paper then proceeds with addressing the implications and requirements for implementing the Physical Internet vision as a means to meet the grand challenge.
It concludes with a call for further research, innovation, and development to really shape and assess the vision and, much more important, to give it flesh through real initiatives and projects so as to really influence in a positive way the collective future.
Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Road-Rail Hub
in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA, Charlotte, NC (2012).
Abstract : Montreuil, Meller and Ballot enumerated the type of facilities that would be necessary to operate a Physical Internet (PI, π), which they termed, “π-nodes.”
This paper is part of a three-paper series for the 2012 IMHRC where the authors provide functional designs of three PI facilities. This paper covers a PI road-rail hub. The purpose of a PI road-rail node is to enable the transfer of PI containers from their inbound to outbound destinations. Therefore, a road-rail π-hub provides a mechanism to transfer π-containers from a train to another one or a truck or from a truck to a train. The objective of the paper is to provide a design that is feasible to meet the objectives of this type of facility, identify ways to measure the performance of the design, and to identify research models that would assist in the design of such facilities. The functional design is presented in sufficient detail as to provide an engineer a proof of concept.
Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, C. Thivierge, C., and Z. Montreuil (2012),
Functional Design of Physical Internet Facilities: A Unimodal Road-Based Crossdocking Hub
in Progress in Material Handling Research: 2012, MHIA, Charlotte, NC (2012).
Abstract : As part of the 2010 IMHRC, Montreuil, Meller and Ballot proposed a set of facility types that would be necessary to operate a Physical Internet (PI, π), which they termed π-nodes. This paper is part of a three-paper series for the 2012 IMHRC where the authors provide functional designs of three PI facilities. This paper covers a unimodal road-based crossdocking hub designed specifically to exploit the characteristics of Physical Internet modular containers so as to enable the efficient and sustainable transhipment of each of them from its inbound truck to its outbound truck. The objective of the paper is to provide a design that is feasible to meet the objectives of this type of facility, identify ways to measure the performance of the design, and to identify research models that would assist in the design of such facilities. The functional design is presented in sufficient detail as to provide an engineer a proof of concept.
First work in the field of flows transportation
Sarraj, R., E. Ballot, S. Pan, D. Hakimi, B. Montreuil (2013),
Interconnected logistic networks and protocols: simulation-based efficiency assessment,
in International Journal of Production Research (2013).
Abstract : Logistic networks intensely use means of transportation and storage facilities to deliver goods. However, these logistic networks are still poorly interconnected and this fragmentation is responsible for a lack of consolidation and thus efficiency. To cope with the seeming contradiction of just-in-time deliveries and challenging emissions targets, a major improvement in supply networks is sought here.
This new organisation is based on the universal interconnection of logistics services, namely a Physical Internet where goods travel in modular containers for the sake of interconnection in open networks.
If from a logical point of view, merging container flows should improve efficiency, no demonstration of its potential has been carried out prior to the here reported research. To reach this potentiality assessment goal, we model the asynchronous shipment and creation of containers within an interconnected network of services, find the best path routing for each container and minimise the use of transportations means. To carry out the demonstration and assess the associated stakes, we use a set of actual flows from the fast-moving consumer goods sector in France. Various transportation protocols and scenarios are tested, revealing encouraging results for efficiency indicators such as CO2 emissions, cost, lead time, delivery travel time, and so forth.
As this is a first work in the field of flows transportation, the simulation model and experiment exposes many further research avenues.
Microcontroller is the main component to build an IoT Device.
Dig further into the ways of interfacing microcontroller with the real world using the “Interfacing with Hardware” page on the Arduino Playground website:(http://playground.arduino.cc//Main/InterfacingWithHardware). .
From the perspective of the electronics, the starting point for prototyping is usually a “breadboard”. This lets you push-fit components and wires to make up circuits without requiring any soldering and therefore makes experimentation easy.
8-bit microcontrollers are still in use, although the price of 32-bit microcontrollers is now dropping to the level where they’re starting to be edged out.
There are lots of microcontroller manufacturers (Atmel, Microchip, NXP, Texas Instruments, to name a few), each with a range of chips for different applications.
The ubiquitous Arduino platform is based around Atmel’s AVR ATmega family of microcontroller chips.
SYSTEM-ON-CHIPS
In between the low-end microcontroller and a full-blown PC sits the SoC (the Raspberry Pi).
RAM
If you want to run standard encryption protocols, you will need at least 4KB RAM, and preferably more.
Networking
The device has to connect to the rest of the world. Wired Ethernet is often the simplest for the user and cheapest, but it requires a physical cable. Wireless solutions avoid that requirement with a more complicated configuration. WiFi is the most widely deployed to provide an existing infrastructure for connections, but it can be more expensive and consumes more power than some of its competitors. ZigBee is a technology aimed particularly at sensor networks and scenarios such as home automation. The recent Bluetooth LE protocol (also known as Bluetooth 4.0) has a very low power-consumption profile similar to ZigBee. Standard Bluetooth chips included in phones and laptops.
USB
If your device can rely on a more powerful computer being nearby, tethering to it via USB can be an easy way to provide both power and networking. Some of the microcontrollers can be bought in versions which include support for USB, so choosing one of them reduces the need for an extra chip in your circuit.
Instead of the microcontroller presenting itself as a device, some can also act as the USB “host”. This configuration lets you connect items that would normally expect to be connected to a computer—devices such as phones, for example, using the Android ADK, additional storage capacity, or WiFi
dongles.
Interfacing with Sensors and Other Circuitry
The device has to interact with sensors to gather data about its environment and motors, LEDs, screens, and so on, to provide output. You could connect to the circuitry through some sort of peripheral bus—SPI and I2C being common ones—or through ADC or DAC modules to read or write varying voltages; or through generic GPIO pins, which provide digital on/off inputs or outputs. Different microcontrollers or SoC solutions offer different mixtures of these interfaces in differing numbers.
Arduino board
The “standard” Arduino board has gone through a number of iterations: Arduino NG, Diecimila, Duemilanove, and Uno. The Uno features an ATmega328 microcontroller and a USB socket for
connection to a computer. It has 32KB of storage and 2KB of RAM,
The Uno also provides 14 GPIO pins (of which 6 can also provide PWM output) and 6 10-bit resolution ADC pins. The ATmega’s serial port is made available through both the IO pins, and, via an additional chip, the USB connector.
Integrated Development Environment
To develop using the Arduino, the integrated development environment (IDE) that the team supply at http://arduino.cc is used. This is a fully functional IDE, based on the one used for the Processing language (http://processing.org/). Most Arduino projects consist of a single file of code. IDE mostly is a simple file editor. You use it to check the code (by compiling it) and to push code to the board.
Language
The language usually used for Arduino is a slightly modified dialect of C++ derived from the Wiring platform. It includes some libraries used to read and write data from the I/O pins provided on the Arduino and to do some basic handling for “interrupts” (a way of doing multitasking, at a very low level).
This variant of C++ tries to be forgiving about the ordering of code; for example, it allows you to call functions before they are defined.
The code needs to provide only two routines:
◾ setup(): This routine is run once when the board first boots. You
could use it to set the modes of I/O pins to input or output or to prepare
a data structure which will be used throughout the program.
◾ loop(): This routine is run repeatedly in a tight loop while the Arduino is switched on. Typically, you might check some input, do some calculation on it, and perhaps do some output in response.
In the absence of a screen, the Arduino allows you to write information over the USB cable using Serial.write(). For debugging, information can be accessed using it. The Arduino IDE provides a serial monitor which echoes the data that the Arduino has sent over the USB cable. This could
include any textual information, such as logging information, comments, and details about the data that the Arduino is receiving and processing (to double-check that your calculations are doing the right thing).
The Arduino can be powered using a USB connection from your computer. This capability is usually quite convenient during prototyping because you need the serial connection in any case to program the board. The Arduino also has a socket for an external power supply.
RASPBERRY PI
Raspberry Pi is effectively a computer that can run a real, modern operating system, communicate with a keyboard and mouse, talk to the Internet, and drive a TV/monitor with high-resolution graphics. The Pi Model B has built-in Ethernet. Many makers blogged about their own attempts to use Raspberry Pi and have contributed designs to Thingiverse, Instructables, and others.
Extension boards and other accessories are already available for the Raspberry Pi. Many interesting kits are in development, such as the Gertboard (www.raspberrypi.org/archives/tag/gertboard), designed for conveniently playing with the GPIO pins.
To seriously explore the Raspberry Pi, a copy of the Raspberry Pi User Guide, by Eben Upton and Gareth Halfacree (Wiley, 2012) is to be consulted.
Operating System
For Internet of Things work on Pi, use the Linux based Adafruit distro. The main tweaks of interest in it are:
◾ The sshd (SSH protocol daemon) is enabled by default, so you can connect to the console remotely.
◾ The device registers itself using zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) with the name raspberrypi.local, so you don’t need to know or guess which IP address it picks up from the network in order to make a connection.
Programming Language
The Pi Foundation, suggests Python. (and indeed the name “Pi” comes initially from Python).
Readily available libraries on PyPi
(https://pypi.python.org/pypi) may provide code that other people have written, used, and thoroughly tested.
Node.js is used by some board brands.
Node.js is a platform built on Chrome’s JavaScript runtime for easily building fast, scalable network applications. Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model that makes it lightweight
and efficient, perfect for data-intensive real-time applications that run across distributed devices.
—http://nodejs.org/
Node.js is a rich environment with a host of libraries available to integrate into the app. Currently, the convenient npm (Node Packaged Modules) utility isn’t bundled with the IDE, but this is an item for a future version. In the meantime, online help and forums should get you over any possible stumbling blocks.
IoT Prototyping with Node.js and Firebase (Ubiquity Dev Summit 2016)
Google Developers
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GETTING STARTED WITH AN API
The most important part of a web service, with regards to an Internet of Things device, is the Application Programming Interface, or API. An API is a way of accessing a service to interact with another computer application. The interaction can be with a cloud application.
Excerpts from the Book
Designing the Internet of Things
by Adrian McEwen and Hakim Cassimally
Wiley, 2014
Create Prototypes and Get to Market Faster Using Intel® Edison Technology
Intel® Edison technology is a hardware and software platform that, when combined with sensors and your imagination, empowers you to invent new Internet-enabled products and solutions. https://software.intel.com/en-us/iot/hardware/edison
Prototyping tools for the Internet of Things
Our hardware development kits give you a microcontroller and connectivity (Wi-Fi or cellular) along with powerful software development tools and a cloud back-end. Add the internet to your product with a single line of code. https://www.particle.io/prototype
As a platform, shiftr.io provides you with the ability to share your data and access data of others. Sharing data publicly is encouraged by the platform's design. In the future, we plan to have additional features that allow more interactions between users and their namespaces.
Using shiftr.io everyone is able to rapidly prototype connected objects and build a network of connected things. Start building prototypes for the Internet of Things now! https://shiftr.io/
Prototyping Connected Devices for the Internet of Things
Steve Hodges, Stuart Taylor, Nicolas Villar, and James Scott, Microsoft Research Cambridge, UK
Dominik Bial, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Patrick Tobias Fischer, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/187495/06357162.pdf
An Ergonomics Intervention in a Transformer Manufacturing
Industry to Improve the Productivity
Sandip B. Wanave1
, Manish K. Bhadke2
1 Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department, SVPCET, Nagpur-441108
2 Asstt. Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, SVPCET, Nagpur-441108
International Conference on Advances in Engineering & Technology – 2014 (ICAET-2014) http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/ICAET-2014/me/volume-3/12.pdf?id=7622
Productivity increased by 500% - Siemens Jinan - KPC Consulting
KPC began consulting in 2001 and is still supporting on the continuous improvement of the entire processes. This case-study covers a period of seven years from 2001 until now in which the productivity was increased by 500%.
Essential Tasks of the Kaizen-optimization at SIEMENS Jinan:
Introduction of the pull-production system
Focus on overall productivity (instead individual / process efficiency)
Focusing on process synchronization, thereby eliminating stagnation / waiting time
Improvement of production planning logic and method. Week plan ->day -> shift -> hour -> minute at each single process
Continuous elimination of waste
Consistent 5 S activities
Division into value-added / non-value added activities
Introduction of the Doctor-/Nurse-System
Visualization of the current status of "OK" and "not OK"
Standardization of work / adjustment of standard time
Visualization of the timing of all activities
Continuous evaluation of output of each shift in entire processes
Introduction of a daily communication system at all levels, which improves the decision-making abilityContinuous employee training
TPM
TQM
Individual and overall factory layout (incl. offices)
etc. http://www.kpc-engineering.de/en/what-our-clients-say/optimierung-der-wertschoepfungskette-bei-siemens-transformer-co-ltd/
Industrial transformers
Power and productivity for a better world
MAHSHAKTI has pioneered itself into manufacturing of Power Transformers. With in house research, design & manufacturing facilities we produce best quality Power Transformers.
System that ensures quality products and services to total satisfaction of the customer.
The program is expected to generate pretax savings of $65 million to $75 million, primarily in 2016, of which a portion will be reinvested back into the company. Hershey anticipates that enabling further investment in brand-building and global capabilities should deliver future confectionery and snacks revenue and adjusted earnings per share-diluted growth that results in increased shareholder value.
The program is expected to result in the reduction of approximately 300 jobs by the end of 2015, with estimated pre-tax charges and costs of $100 million to $120 million, or $0.29 to $0.35 per share-diluted, the majority of which are cash and will be incurred in 2015.
SINUMERIK MDynamics bundles the powerful CNC SINUMERIK hardware, intelligent CNC functions and a unique CAD/CAM/CNC process chain into technology packages for three-axis and five-axis milling machines − at a cost efficient package price. The SINUMERIK MDynamics 3-axis/5-axis milling packages are available for the CNC systems, SINUMERIK 840D sl and SINUMERIK 828D
‘Exact surface machining and precise contouring in the shortest machining times’ are factors that significantly affect workpiece quality and manufacturing productivity. This is exactly where SINUMERIK MDynamics steps in. The CNC system provides perfect surfaces with the new, intelligent Advanced Surface path control, an optimized NC data compressor, the ability to quickly adjust to workpieces, tool and program handling, optimum machining with the flexible programGuide and ShopMill programs, all resulting in shortest possible programming times.
All of this enabling economic machining and flawless surfaces with the SINUMERIK package − perfectly customized for any industry.
SINUMERIK MDynamics − made for perfect milling
SINUMERIK hardware and innovative functions at a cost efficient package price for 3-axis and 5-axis milling machines
Includes the new Advance Surface functions for intelligent motion guidance
Perfect workpiece surfaces with significantly reduced machining times
Electropneumatics offers Energy Saving Solution for Hydraulic Presses
Conventional hydraulic presses consume large amounts of energy. Their low efficiency results in significant energy wastage. However, today, there is an innovative energy-saving solution for hydraulic presses that can cut energy costs up to 60%. A servo hydraulic pump combined with an AC servo motor can provide this energy-saving. The internal gear servo pump provides variable volume flows with a highly dynamic response and lower energy requirements. "Simple, efficient, quiet and energy-saving"
High Performance Horizontal Machining Centers for ferrous machining
The WMW IWK 7000 machining center is a “HIGH PERFORMANCE” 4 axis machining center designed keeping in mind, intricate and complex machining of primarily ferrous components, providing high flexibility, performance and consistent accuracy, manufactured in the modern Starrag India facility. The focus is to get triple benefits of productivity, quality & up-time, thus maximizing customer’s OEE. The machine is designed with the proven know-how of STARRAG & HECKERT and with many innovative ideas, based on the 150 years of Starrag experience & constant technology up-gradation, oriented towards the reduction of the nonproductive idle and set-up times, thereby increasing the Productivity!
Bosch Rexroth , the cross technology machine tool equipment solution provider contributes greatly towards high productivity and energy efficiency with machining thus allowing conveniently design the optimal system solution by harmonizing top technologies. Rexroth automation solutions, right partner to improved efficiency and maximum productivity. Bosch Rexroth offers perfect system solution from hydraulics, electric drives and controls, linear motion and assembly technology , pneumatics. Rexroth’s Indra Motion MTX Micro and MTX family ensures highly dynamic processing , machining and reforming concepts and is an ideal tool for such applications , exceptionally affordable.
POLYGON TURNING
Most economical solution to Production Milling Problems. Check www.trishulmachine.com for details Check our channel http://www.youtube.com/user/trishulmac?feature=watch to view Videos
Reducing CNC machine downtime
LEANworks is a software framework that can be customized to your exact needs for unmanned collection of data from machines and reporting. It measures downtime and makes shopfl oor losses visible to the top- floor. It ensures that the latest shop fl oor production data is available to you instantly. Reporting of productivity and production data becomes system dependent rather than person dependent. LEANworks has the ability to reduce machine down time as much as 30%. LEANworks automatically generates TPM OEE and other key performance reports
Software for Reducing Cycle Time in CNC turning and milling
CAPSturn / CAPSmill reduces cycle times and programming time. It enables you to take on complex jobs confidently. First-time-right programs and 100% accurate cycle time calculations are guaranteed. Makes your business competitive and profitable. Reduce machining cycle time. Reduce programming time. Reduce first part rejection. Reduce dependence on skilled CNC programmers. Reduce time taken to respond to job quotations. Reduce risk of over or underestimating cycle times.
Quick Change of Fixtures in conventional machining / VMC / HMC
Fixtures can be changed very rapidly using the Ball Lock. Providing a fixture repeatability within +/- 13 micron and in less than a minute, the Ball Lock can be a great fixture change solutions for VMCs, HMCs, Conventional Milling, Drilling, Welding machines. Ball Lock is available in varying diameters for clamping forces ranging from 3KN to 88KN.
Part Clamping on Vertical Turning Lathe (VTL) using Staylock
VTL require rigid reliable clamping and generally employ conventional time consuming mechanical clamping or expensive hydraulic chucks. A great solution to this can be found in Staylock Clamps. They are faster and more convenient to use than mechanical clamps and cost a lot less than radial hydraulic chucks. Staylocks can be used with Quick Change disconnects to obtain a truly great solution for Part clamping on VTL.
Quick Hydraulic Part Clamping in Cylinder heads without fear of Clamping release
A solution to clamp parts without fear of loss of clamping can be found in Staylock Clamps. Available in different styles with varying clamping forces ranging from 15 to 125 KN, the staylock clamps are Mechanical Wedge clamps using hydraulic pressure for actuation. Staylocks have been successfully used in the machining of Cylinder heads. Since they do not require pressure to maintain the clamping, there is no possibility of clamping release; therefore the power source can be disconnected
Single Minute Change of Fixtures
The Ball Lock is a solution to change fixtures on VMC / HMC / Welding machines / conventional machines within few minutes and with a fixture repeatability within +/- 13 micron. The Ball Lock increases productivity with energy savings!
Speed Increaser
Many industries have machines but they want to increase the rpm of the spindle to get the right cutting speed we provide that solution from MPA italy with speed increasers
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ROLLER BURNISHING TO AVOID GRINDING
We can expedite the process of finishing on the CNC itself and not shift it to grinding process with SCAMI-ALVAN roller burnishing tools for both internal process and external process and also some specific special profiles
FRONT AND BACK DEBURRING IN ONE SET UP FROM HLOE SIZE 2MM
The manufacturing industry has a unique problem for chamferig and deburring the holes from front and back in one set up and we provide this solution from EZ BURR our principals in US F To be updated 7 Apr 2016 10.11.2013
