Showing posts with label Top 250. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Top 250. Show all posts

Monday, May 25, 2026

Henry Laurence Gantt (1861-1919) - Industrial Engineer

Henry Laurence  Gantt worked under F.W. Taylor, the person credited with founding Industrial Engineering Discipline.

Gantt graduated in mechanical engineering from Stevens Institute. In July 1887, he took up the post of Assistant in the Engineering Department of  Midvale Steel Company. A year later he had become Assistant to the Chief Engineer, F.W.Taylor. In this post, Gantt was engaged in determining the most economical methods of working the machine tools in the machine shop. Gantt worked in close contact with Taylor even after Taylor left Midvale. They shared in many inventions and technical developments.

Gantt’s professional career can be categorized into two parts. One, he was a technician and a manager in the industry. The second, he was a consulting engineer for economical shop management and for time-, cost-, and record-keeping. He will be remembered for his contribution to economical shop management.

Gantt was preoccupied with human aspect of management in his quest for economy in industrial activities.

Two of his statements exemplify this concern.

“The control over labour given to management by the application of the system which I installed was so far-reaching as compared with other management controls that I refused to install it unless convinced that the management was such that no unfair advantage would be taken of the system to oppress labour.

“Before I undertake to do any work for any concern, I ask the people employing me, or who contemplate employing me, to read this little book, ‘Work, Wages and Profits.’ I ask those people who have in mind employing me whether they are in accord with the idea expressed in that book of how to handle their workmen, and what share the workmen shall have in what is being done. Unless they are willing to subscribe substantially to what I have written in this book, I have always declined to do any work for them.”

In 1904, Gantt secured an assignment as “efficiency expert” at Sayles Bleacheries. It was a textile plant. Based on this assignment, he read the paper “Training Workmen in Habits of Industry and Cooperation.”

He amplified his ideas on the subject in a further paper “Modern Methods of Training Workmen” in 1915.

In 1916, Gantt started a body by name “The New Machine.” It was an organization of Engineer-Executives. The slogan of this body was “to increase the purchasing power a day’s work in New York City.”

The best known contribution of Gantt is the bar chart. The graphic presentation of facts has always appealed to him


The official biography of H.L. Gantt was prepared by L.P. Alford for American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was published in 1934.


Reference


L. Urwick and E.F.L. Brech, The Making of Scientific Management: Thirteen Pioneers, Sir Issac Pitman and Sons, London, 1951.

Industrial leadership
by Gantt, Henry Laurence, 1861-1919

Publication date 1916
Topics Industrial efficiency
Publisher New Haven, Yale university press; 
https://archive.org/details/cu31924002249161



It is (now) becoming recognized among 
the most progressive manufacturers of the
day, that the ratio between the wages paid 
and the work done is more important than 
the absolute amount of wages paid, and that 
the absolute amount of work done is more 
important than either. 

Moreover, it is becoming recognized that 
the good man at high wages not only does 
more work per dollar of wages than the poor 
man at low wages, but better work. In the 
most prosperous factories, and those turning 
out the highest grade of product, we inva- 
riably find high-grade, well-paid workmen; 
while in those factories which are making 
but little profit, and where the work is of a 
poor quality, the workmen are usually poorly 
paid and of low grade. 

The authority to issue an order involves 
the responsibility to see that it is properly 
executed.

The system of management which we advo- 
cate is based on this principle, which elimi- 
nates "bluff" as a feature in management, 
for a man can only assume the responsibility 
for doing a thing properly when he not only 
knows how to do it, but can also teach some- 
body else to do it.

As was said before, the world advances 
through leadership, and I feel that it is just 
as much the function of our engineering 
schools to train our industrial leaders as it is 
that of our military schools to train our 
military leaders.


Search archive.org

https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Gantt%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Henry%20Gantt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gantt%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Henry%20Gantt%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Gantt%2C%20H%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Henry%20Gantt%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Gantt%2C%20Henry%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Henry%20Gantt%22%29%20OR%20%28%221861-1919%22%20AND%20Gantt%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29

THE FOLLOWERS OF HENRY L. GANTT (1861-1919).
Peter B. Peterson
Published Online:13 Dec 2017https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.1993.10315773
https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/ambpp.1993.10315773?journalCode=amproc

Web references

https://www.asme.org/about-asme/honors-awards/achievement-awards/henry-laurence-gantt-medal

149.164.39.1/~dupenb/Senior%20Design/Gantt.html

www.answers.com/topic/gantt-task-and-bonus-plan

www.allbiographies.com/biography-HenryLaurenceGantt-52448.html

encyclopedia.jrank.org/Cambridge/entries/035/Henry-Laurence-Gantt.html



Ud. 25.5.2026, 24.1.2022
Pub 7.2.2012
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Wednesday, April 1, 2026

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering








News - Information for Maintenance Operation Analysis


University of Reims Champagne Ardenne
MAINTENANCE AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (GIM)

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGICAL DEGREE IN MAINTENANCE AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (GIM)
http://www.univ-reims.eu/courses/available-courses/degrees-and-preparations-to-teacher-examinations/science-technologies-health/university-technological-degrees,177,261.html



Maintenance system  industrial engineering is the study of resource use in various maintenance activities with a view to increasing the efficiency or eliminating the waste wherever possible. While the maintenance is carried out to keep the machines and equipment in good condition to perform, resources are used the activity. This resource use is carefully investigated by the industrial engineering to identify and remove waste. Industrial engineering succeeded in reducing the cost of many processes designed in the first iteration by the managers by significant percentage and hence it is a very important activity in systems design or systems engineering.

Famous example of  manufacturing industrial engineering, is Henry Ford's production system redesign, that reduced the price of the automobile by half. Taylor reduced cost of many manufacturing activities. Gilbreth and Harrigton Emerson also achieved similar cost reduction in construction activity and rail road operations.

Industrial engineering has two components - System efficiency engineering and Human effort industrial engineering.

In another explanation, we can say industrial engineering consists of productivity science, productivity engineering and productivity management.


System Industrial Engineering - System Human Effort Engineering - System Efficiency Engineering

Human Effort Engineering - Techniques

1. Principles of Motion Economy
2. Motion Study
3. Workstation Design
4. Application of Ergonomics and Biomechanics
5. Fatigue Studies
6. Productivity/Safety/Comfort Device Design
7. Standardization of  Methods
8. Operator training
9. Incentive Systems
10. Job Evaluation
11. Learning effect capture
12. Work Measurement


EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING


1. Process Analysis
2. Operation Analysis
3. Layout Efficiency Analysis
4. Value engineering
5. Statistical quality control
6. Statistical inventory control and ABC Classification Based Inventory Systems
7. Six sigma
8. Operations research
9. Variety reduction
10. Standardization
11. Incentive schemes
12. Waste reduction or elimination
13. Activity based management
14. Business process improvement
15. Fatigue analysis and reduction
16. Engineering economy analysis
17. Learning effect capture and continuous improvement (Kaizen, Quality circles and suggestion schemes)
18. Standard costing

Industrial Engineering in Different Functions of an Industrial Organization


Industrial Engineering in Data Center Design and Processes

Logistics System Industrial Engineering

Maintenance 

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering

Product Industrial Engineering

Quality - Inspection System Industrial Engineering

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Bibliography


Industrial Engineering Techniques Specially Applied in Maintenance IE


Replacement analysis
Group replacement analysis
Total productive maintenance
Predictive maintenance - IIoT Support
Spare parts inventory decisions
Spare parts storage
Maintenance activities ergonomics
Maintenance work measurement
Lean Maintenance - Lean Smart Maintenance
Poka Yoke design for maintenance
Reduction of maintenance time (using 5S and SMED techniques)

New techniques - 2017

Smart Maintenance
Maintenance 4.0

Advanced predictive maintenance (PdM), enabled by extensive sensor integration and machine-learning techniques, is one of the most widely-heralded benefits of the fourth industrial revolution. The idea is certainly a compelling one, and many companies in asset-intensive sectors are pursuing  investments in digital maintenance and reliability. Many companies are offering summer internships to students in this area and are getting pilot projects done.


Progress of Industrial Engineering of Maintenance in Japan.



1961 The Japan Management Association (JMA) establishes a Plant Maintenance Committee.  JMA is the body responsible for promotion of scientific management in Japan.
1964 A system for awarding PM Awards is established.
1969 The Plant Maintenance Department is dissolved and the Japan Institute of Plant Engineers is established.
1971 The concept of plant maintenance with total participation (Total Productive Maintenance) is proclaimed.
1981 The Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance is launched, following approval from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry as charitable corporation.
1989 The definition of TPM is revised. The Society of Plant Engineers Japan is established.
1990 The Japan Association of Maintenance and Service Contractors is launched.
2005 JIPM Solutions company limited is separated and transferred from JIPM as a profit-seeking corporation.
2012 JIPM was approved as a public interest incorporated association by the prime minister.

https://www.jipm.or.jp/en/company/history/

Mission Statement JIPM 2017


We contribute to promoting safe, secure and reliable production and maintenance activities, as well as stabilizing and improving quality, in the world of industry through supporting problem-solving related to the enhancement of productivity, equipment-management technologies, and maintenance technologies and skills.

https://www.jipm.or.jp/en/company/mission/

Total productive maintenance - Evolution in Industrial Engineering/Scientific Management


In a message in a 2013 JIPM video, Seiichi Nakajima mentions the foundation of industrial engineering in the development of total productivity maintenance. 


Total productive maintenance is planned maintenance is for increasing productivity and reducing defects. It is a zero defect, zero loss approach to equipment engineering and management involving design, manufacturing, operation, and maintenance.

Digital-Maintenance - McKinsey


To capture everything digital can offer in increasing reliability and reducing costs, companies should boost their digital-maintenance ambitions.

Advanced predictive maintenance (PdM), enabled by extensive sensor integration and machine-learning techniques, is one of the most widely-heralded benefits of the fourth industrial revolution. The idea is certainly a compelling one, and it is encouraging companies in asset-intensive sectors to pursue investments in digital maintenance and reliability.

However, treating PdM as panacea for maintenance and reliability challenges may prove to be short-sighted. Today's advanced predictive techniques can only be practically applied to a subset of use cases. An over-emphasis on one approach means companies won’t position themselves to capture all the potential benefits of a fully digitized maintenance and reliability function. Companies  focused on increased uptime and improved maintenance efficiency have to use all the techniques available.

https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/digitally-enabled-reliability-beyond-predictive-maintenance

Lean Smart Maintenance (LSM)


Maintenance is a strategic factor and key enabler for smart factories. Therefore, it needs to be intelligent – SMART – and cost-efficient – LEAN. The Lean Smart Maintenance (LSM) concept combines these two perspectives and enables a dynamic, smart and value-oriented maintenance/asset management for smart factories. This paper introduces LSM and explains its major components. It consists of efficiency drivers, e.g. maintenance processes and planning, outsourcing, and effectiveness factors, e.g. data and knowledge management, qualification and maintenance strategy. Besides that, an LSM implementation model is introduced. The four-step LSM implementation model is described with a maintenance strategy example.

http://www.lean-smart-maintenance.net/fileadmin/projects/lsm/Publikationen/LSM_WhitePaper.pdf


Articles and Papers

Emerson Process Management on Maintenance Cost Reduction, Time Reduction, Productivity Improvement


Reducing operations & maintenance costs - Emerson
Emerson Process Management 2003.  www.PlantWeb.com. Reducing operations & maintenance costs with PlantWeb® digital plant architecture.

PlantWebís predictive intelligence increases maintenance productivity by detecting and diagnosing potential equipment problems before they grow ñ  reducing the frequency, severity, and cost of repairs while enabling your team to  avoid unnecessary and unproductive tasks.

%RAV. One frequent benchmark of maintenance productivity is annual maintenance cost as a percentage of replacement asset value (RAV). For example, a plant spending $5,000,000 annually to maintain assets that  could be replaced for $100,000,000 has a 5% RAV.

The worst plants are operating with 20% RAV. The best are operating with 2% RAV. Typical plants operate at 6 to 7% RAV.
For a plant with $250,000,000 in assets to maintain, moving from typical to best-in-class status could mean over $10,000,000 in annual savings.

Recent data shows that 86% of maintenance is reactive (too late) or preventive (unnecessary). 

Span of control. For operations, one measure of productivity is the number of loops each operator manages. 
A typical plant might have 125 loops per operator, so managing 1500 loops would require 48 operators to staff four shifts. In a best-in-class plant, on the other hand, each operator might handle 250 loops ñ requiring only 24 operators over the same number of shifts. At a fully burdened cost of $80,000 per year for each operator, the savings would approach $2,000,000 annually. Even greater productivity and economic benefits are possible when operators also have the tools and information to continuously optimize energy use, feedstocks, and other economic factors for the loops they control, as well as to reduce costs in related areas such as safety, health, and environment; utilities; and waste and rework.

Waste in Maintenance Activities


Too much of the work done by maintenance teams is unnecessary, unproductive, or even counterproductive. 
Unnecessary work. Over half of typical maintenance activities are unnecessary. This includes routine equipment checks as well as preventive maintenance on equipment that doesnít need it. 
• One analysis showed that 63% of all instrument work orders did not result in corrective action, because there was nothing wrong with the equipment. 
• A study of 230 valves scheduled for rebuilding during a shutdown found than only 31% needed such extensive service. 

Unproductive work. In a typical plant, the maintenance department averages about 30% is wrench time. The rest of the time they are doing data entry and retrieval, work-order reporting, and other paperwork. Best-practices plants use automated tools to manage this information more efficiently, increasing wrench time to 50% or more.
Counterproductive work. Some maintenance actually reduces equipment reliability. Problems can result from incorrect re-assembly, incorrect tightening, misalignment, or other errors. In fact, as many as 
70% of equipment failures happen shortly after initial installation or major preventive maintenance.
 

Inefficient  maintenance strategies 


 Many of these problems could be reduced by adjusting the mix of reactive, preventive, predictive, and proactive maintenance strategies so maintenance workers can focus on doing the right things at the right time. 
1. Reactive maintenance. Fixing equipment when it breaks. This is the most basic maintenance strategy. Its major drawback is obvious: the cost to repair (or replace) equipment that ís run to failure is typically 
much higher than if the problem were detected and fixed earlier. Also there is additional  cost of lost production during extended downtime. 
2. Preventive maintenance. A preventive strategy assumes equipment is relatively reliable until, after some period of time, it enters a wear-out zone where failures increase. To postpone this wear-out, equipment is serviced on a calendar- or run-time basis. It may or may not require the maintenance. On 
average, preventive maintenance  is about 30% less expensive than reactive maintenance. Hence development of preventive maintenance method gave higher productivity and lower costs.

But about 30% of preventive maintenance effort is wasted, and another 30% turns out to be harmful because of errors committed in disassembly and reassembly and calibration. 

3. Predictive maintenance. The third strategy overcomes these drawbacks by constantly monitoring actual equipment condition and using the information to predict when a problem is likely to occur. With 
that insight, you can schedule maintenance for the equipment that needs it ñ and only what needs it − before the problem affects process or equipment performance. That ís a great way to improve maintenance productivity, as well as reduce costs for repairs and unexpected downtime. 

A best-practices plant uses predictive maintenance for most equipment where condition-monitoring is practical, limiting reactive and preventive strategies to equipment that ís not process-critical and will cause little or no collateral damage if run to failure.

4. Proactive maintenance. The next strategy is proactive maintenance, which analyzes why performance is degrading and then corrects the source of problems. The goal is not just to avoid a hard failure, but to 
restore or even improve equipment performance. For example, a valve failure might be caused by excess packing wear, which in turn was caused by poor loop tuning that caused the valve to cycle continuously. Retuning the loop will prevent further failures while also improving process performance. 

The best-practices plant of the future will actually spend more on maintenance to include this proactive approach in their arsenal ñ and more than regain the investment in increased plant efficiency.


Training Course from Emerson - 2003 - Operations & Maintenance 101 - Maintenance Strategies and Work Practices to Reduce Costs


Rosemount 5300 Guided Wave Radar with a Smart Wireless THUM™ Adapter.: Reduce Operations and Maintenance Costs with Guided Wave Radar Diagnostics and Wireless Communication


Potential Results 
• Reduce operations costs
• Decrease maintenance costs
• Minimize risk of lost throughput 
• Decrease safety risks
• Reduce project costs
2010
https://www.emerson.com/documents/automation/case-study-reduce-operations-maintenance-costs-guided-wave-radar-diagnostics-wireless-communication-rosemount-en-87502.pdf


ESSENTIAL ASSET MONITORING.

Improve Reliability and Reduce Your Costs.
Up to 5 percent of production availability is lost annually due to unscheduled slowdowns and shutdowns. 
Just nine asset classes account for the majority of this loss.
2013

Emerson Provides Services to  Alaska's Largest Wind Farm 
08/09/2021
Emerson announced the completion of a digital transformation project to increase the reliability of clean energy generation at Golden Valley Electric Association’s (GVEA) Eva Creek wind farm. The project improves the management of Alaska’s largest wind farm.
Emerson’s sustainable grid solutions have delivered fast results, increasing the reliability of GVEA’s wind turbines and contributing to a 65% reduction in operations and maintenance costs.


More Articles
----------------------------


LUBRICATION AND GREASING: WORKING PRINCIPLE
22 July 2016
https://www.mobility-work.com/blog/lubrication-and-greasing-working-principle

AUTONOMOUS MAINTENANCE: 5 STEPS TO SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION
4.0 Context
https://www.mobility-work.com/blog/autonomous-maintenance-5-steps-to-successful-implementation
29.5.2016


Why You Should Try Smart Maintenance
http://www.reliableplant.com/Read/30723/smart-maintenance

What Is Lean Maintenance?
2004
http://www.mt-online.com/october2004/what-is-lean-maintenance

Six Sigma Keys to Lean Maintenance
2004
http://www.mt-online.com/november2004/six-sigma-keys-to-lean-maintenance

Six Sigma in Maintenance
SIX SIGMA CONCEPT IN THE MAINTENANCE PROCESS OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
2005
http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/me/me2005/me2005-08n.pdf

Plant maintenance management practices in automobile industries: A retrospective and literature review
2010
http://upcommons.upc.edu/revistes/bitstream/2099/9948/1/pophaley.pdf


Total Productive Maintenance Review and Overall Equipment Effectiveness Measurement
Osama Taisir R.Almeanazel
Department Of Industrial Engineering, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115 Jordan
http://www.jjmie.hu.edu.jo/files/v4n4/JJMIE-129-08_Revised(11)/JJMIE-129-08_modified.pdf



VTT operation and maintenance solutions deliver trouble-free, predictable fleet operation. Our smart solutions optimize safe fleet operation and maintenance, and constitute new competitive service business models for your knowledge-intensive services. Thanks to our significant experience and deep knowledge in this area, we are able to optimize the total operating performance of your fleet. We can also minimize your maintenance time with fast failure identification and recovery.
http://www2.vtt.fi/service/machines_and_vehicles_operation_and_maintenance.jsp?lang=en


Analysis and Scheduling of Maintenance Operations for a Chain of Gas Stations
Mehmet Savsar
Kuwait University, College of Engineering and Petroleum, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
Journal of Industrial Engineering
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 278546
Received 6 November 2012; Revised 2 February 2013; Accepted 3 February 2013
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jie/2013/278546/


Analysis on Costs for Aircraft Maintenance
U. PeriyarSelvam, T. Tamilselvan, S. Thilakan and M. Shanmugaraja
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Park College of Technology,
Karumathampatti, Coimbatore – 641 659.
Advances in Aerospace Science and Applications.
ISSN 2277-3223 Volume 3, Number 3 (2013), pp. 177-182
© Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com/aasa.htm
http://www.ripublication.com/aasa/aasav3n3spl_08.pdf

--------------------------------------


An Assessment of Maintenance Practices and problems in Jordanian Industries
K. K. Tahboub. 2011
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

http://jjmie.hu.edu.jo/files/v5n4/JJMIE-206-09.pdf


ESTABLISHING MAINTENANCE RESOURCE LEVELS USING SELECTIVE MAINTENANCE
Ilyas Mohammed Iyoob, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas, USA
C. Richard Cassady, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
Edward A. Pohl, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
Arkansas, USA
2006
http://ilyasiyoob.com/IyoobCassadyPohl_The_Engineering_Economist.pdf


ANALYSIS OF MANAGEMENT METHODS AND APPLICATION
TO MAINTENANCE OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
MSc thesis
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
University of Iceland
2008
http://www.os.is/gogn/unu-gtp-report/UNU-GTP-2008-05.pdf




DUTTA, U, Maze, T, (1987) APPLICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUE IN TRANSIT MAINTENANCE, ITE Journal, Volume 57, Issue 6, p. 45-49.
http://www.worldtransitresearch.info/research/1757/



Maintenance and Industrial Engineering (GIM)
University Technological Degree in Maintenance and Industrial Engineering (GIM)
http://www.univ-reims.eu/courses/available-courses/degrees-and-preparations-to-teacher-examinations/science-technologies-health/university-technological-degrees,177,261.html


Book Engineering Maintenance - Modern Approach - B.S. Dhillon, 2002
http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/sabdelall/files/2010/02/Engineering_Maintenance_a_modern_approach.pdf




Just-in-time Maintenance, Repair, & Overhaul (Presentation)
Anonymous. IIE Annual Conference. Proceedings (2008): 1-34.



Updated 2022
 2026 - 1.4.2026
2022 - 8.2.2022,   2021 - 3.12.2021 18 Nov 2021,  4 August 2021, 24 May 2021,  2019 - 24 August 2019
2018 -  12 June 2018, 21 August 2017,  21 April 2015
First published on 27 September 2012
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Thursday, March 5, 2026

Industrial Engineering in All Branches of Engineering - Ubiquity Principle of Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineering can be described as the  combination of  an engineering field  with the principles of industrial engineering derived from scientific management of productivity. Badiru - Narayana Rao



TAYLOR - NARAYANA RAO PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Ubiquity of Industrial Engineering Principle of  Industrial Engineering


Illustrations: Google's  Engineering Productivity Department - Evolution of the Department through Automation of Testing. Emergence of Software Engineering Productivity Engineer & Specialist.





3-Industrial Engineering is applicable in all Branches of Engineering
__________________________________



Industrial engineering defined as system efficiency engineering has application in all branches of engineering. Productivity improvement is needed in engineering systems of all branches and therefore industrial engineering needs to be used in all branches of engineering. It needs to be taught in all engineering branches.

Engineering subjects belong to one engineering branch or other. Every engineering branch has product design process, process design process, production process, inspection process, material handling process, storage process, equipment operating process, equipment maintenance process, equipment replacement process, equipment retirement process, reuse and recycling process. Industrial engineering has content related to each of these processes and has to be applied in concerned engineering activities in work related to all engineering branches.

Industrial engineers have to develop productivity science based on productivity measurements for processes and output, do productivity engineering to improve productivity and do productivity management to plan, manage and realize productivity improvement. To do it, industrial engineers need to have the knowledge of the concerned engineering subject, process or output.

An important problem in Industrial Engineering is that IE is not properly extended to various engineering branches. IE has to be improvement and redesign of engineering elements first. Not doing it means there is lot of waste in engineering designs and processes. We are not even teaching IE in various branches. It means both faculty and students of various branches of engineering do not even know the existence of a subject focused on cost reduction through productivity improvement of engineering resources. 


Principles of Industrial Engineering - Presentation 


by Dr. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao in the 2017Annual Conference of IISE (Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineering) at Pittsburgh, USA on 23 May 2017
__________________________________


___________________________________




Industrial Engineering in Various Branches of Engineering


Industrial Engineering in Civil Engineering

Industrial Engineering in Electrical Engineering


An interesting way of promoting industrial engineering all engineering branches

Engineering Discipline Minors for IE Students -   Louisiana State University


Minors of Interest to Industrial Engineers

Biological Engineering 
Construction Management 
Electrical and Computer Engineering    
Environmental Engineering 
Materials Science Engineering 
Mechanical Engineering 
Structural Engineering 
Sugar Engineering 
Surveying
Transportation Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/12/engineering-discipline-minors-for-ie.html

Applied Industrial Engineering - Process Steps

Industrial engineering can be applied to various technologies of an engineering branch using the following process steps.
Monitor - Explore - Analyze - Develop - Analyze - Participate and Prepare - Implement and Install - Manage
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/05/applied-industrial-engineering-process.html



Principles of Industrial Engineering - Narayana Rao - Detailed List

Clicking on the link will take you to more detailed content on the principle


The full paper on the principles by Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao is now available for downloading from IISE 2017 Annual Conference Proceedings in Proquest Journal Base.

Updated on  5.3.2026,  22.1.2022,  22.12.2021,  27 Sep 2021, 10 August 2021,  23 May 2018,  28 May 2018
First posted on 29 June 2017
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Saturday, February 14, 2026

Productivity Management - Books and Articles



Productivity Management is an important task of Industrial Engineers.







Books, Research Papers and Articles

2025

Productivity Improvement and Management - Important Focus Area of Industrial Engineering.
Modern Industrial Engineering - LinkedIn Newsletter - August 2025 Issue


2019
Productivity Management in Engineering Organizations - Online Book
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/10/productivity-management-in-engineering.html

2017
Nudge management: applying behavioural science to increase knowledge worker productivity
Authors
Authors and affiliations: Philip Ebert, Wolfgang Freibichler
Open AccessPoint Of View, First Online: 21 March 2017
Journal of Organization Design, December 2017, 6:4

2013

Productivity Management in an Organization: Measurement and Analysis

kongkiti phusavat
2013
Download fullbook from
http://www.toknowpress.net/ISBN/978-961-6914-05-5.pdf

2012

Evidence-based Productivity Improvement: A Practical Guide to the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES)

Robert D. Pritchard, Sallie J. Weaver, Elissa L. Ashwood
Routledge, 2012 - 316 pages

This new book explains the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement system (ProMES) and how it meets the criteria for an optimal measurement and feedback system. It summarizes all the research that has been done on productivity, mentioning other measurement systems, and gives detailed information on how to implement this one in organizations. This book will be of interest to behavioral science researchers and professionals who wish to learn more about the practical methods of measuring and improving organizational productivity.
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nEloq-dnEgEC

2011

A Guide to Integrated Management of Productivity Activities
Spring, Singapore
Full Book - Published in 2011 - Interesting Contents

http://productivity.business.gov.sg/en/download/Guide-to-IMPACT.pdf


2009
Edmonton City Productivity Audit
http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/12342_City_Productivity_with_Admin_Response.pdf

2006

Service Productivity Management: Improving Service Performance using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
H. David Sherman
Springer, 10-Sep-2006 - Business & Economics - 350 pages
The service economy is now the largest portion of the industrialized world's economic activity. This development has dramatically raised the importance of maximizing productivity excellence in service organizations. The correlation between the service economy and productivity excellence has lead service organization managers to recognize the value of using benchmarking techniques to identify and adopt best practices in their organizations. As the use of benchmarking metrics in service organizations has increased, correspondingly these organizations have improved continuously by allowing service units to learn from methods that prove the most effective. Service Productivity Management provides the insights and methods to answers questions on a whole range of productivity issues, of which some examples are: How do you manage profitability of a network of hundreds or thousands of branch offices disbursed over several states and countries? How can managed-care organizations manage the quality and cost of hundreds of physicians providing health services to millions of plan members? What methods would enable a government to ensure that the multiple offices serving citizens across a country are operating at low cost while meeting the required service quality? Each of these service settings are examples of the many service providers that deliver a complex set of services to a widely diversified set of customers. The book systematically explores complex service issues and analyzes each case for a variety of ways to improve service productivity, quality, and profitability. Service Productivity Management is an in-depth guide to using the most powerful available benchmarking technique to improveservice organization performance -- Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). (1) It outlines the use of DEA as a benchmarking technique. (2) It identifies high costs service units. (3) It isolates specific changes to each service unit to elevate their performance to the best practice services level providing high quality service at low cost. (4) And most important, it guides the improvement process. The discussion and methods are all supported by case-study applications to organizations that have sought and have successfully improved its performance. The techniques discussed in the book are accessible to any and all managers with access to Microsoft. Excel spreadsheet software (Excel). Throughout the book, step-by-step guidance is provided to enable any reader to apply DEA and the Excel software to their organization. Packaged with the book comes a ready-to-use DEA software CD for Microsoft. Excel Add-in to run DEA analyses on any set of organizations of interest to the reader.
http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Service_Productivity_Management.html?id=eD1WFzO6nt8C








SPRING's Productivity Management Program - APO report
http://www.apo-tokyo.org/wp/news/spring%E2%80%99s-productivity-management-programme.html

Appoint a Productivity Manager for Your Organization - Singapore Govt. Message
http://productivity.business.gov.sg/en/getstarted_3.aspx


Energy Productivity Management - Details of a training program
Belgium
http://www.dnv.be/Binaries/Energy%20productivity%20management%20-%20Flyer%20(print)_tcm141-465607.pdf


2005

The Power of Productivity: Wealth, Poverty, and the Threat to Global Stability

William W. Lewis
McKinsey Global Institute
University of Chicago Press, 01-Sep-2005 - Business & Economics - 368 pages

The Power of Productivity provides powerful and controversial answers to the  question of ameliorating  economic disparity among countries. William W. Lewis, the director emeritus of the McKinsey Global Institute,  draws on extensive microeconomic studies of thirteen nations over twelve years—conducted by the Institute itself—to counter virtually all prevailing wisdom about how best to ameliorate economic disparity. Lewis's research, which included studying everything from state-of-the-art auto makers to black-market street vendors and mom-and-pop stores, conclusively demonstrates that, contrary to popular belief, providing more capital to poor nations is not the best way to help them. Nor is improving levels of education, exchange-rate flexibility, or government solvency enough. Rather, the key to improving economic conditions in poor countries, argues Lewis, is increasing productivity through intense, fair competition and protecting consumer rights.

As The Power of Productivity explains, this sweeping solution affects the economies of poor nations at all levels—from the viability of major industries to how the average consumer thinks about his or her purchases. Policies must be enacted in developing nations that reflect a consumer rather than a producer mindset and an attendant sense of consumer rights. Only one force, Lewis claims, can stand up to producer special privileges—consumer interests.

The Institute's unprecedented research method and Lewis's years of experience with economic policy combine to make The Power of Productivity the most authoritative and compelling view of the global economy today, one that will inform political and economic debate throughout the world for years to come.
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lSwLll6GNNcC

1997

Total Productivity Management (TPmgt)
A Systemic and Quantitative Approach to Compete in Quality, Price and Time
By David J. Sumanth
Edition 1st Edition
First Published 1997

1990

Measuring and Improving Organizational Productivity: A Practical Guide

Robert D. Pritchard
Greenwood Publishing Group, 1990 - 248 pages


Productivity has become a national priority. Its effects are being felt on all levels--national, industrial, and individual. An organization must be able to measure productivity before effectively improving it. This volume is the first practical guide for developing productivity measurement systems. It describes the use of the Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES) designed by its author and his colleagues. An important tool for organizations, this step by step guide discusses how to measure productivity and then how to use this measurement.

Robert Pritchard's guide first presents a detailed description of the development and uses of ProMES. The background and description of ProMES is followed by details on how to develop ProMES in any organization. Questions and answers about using the system are discussed together with further issues on how to implement the system. The use of the system with other productivity improvement techniques is also covered. The volume concludes with a discussion on evaluating the effects of a productivity improvement system. It is a valuable practical source for industrial and organizational psychologists, management consultants, classes, and workshops.
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=abIy-ewzrvMC

1988

No-Nonsense Guide to Measuring Productivity
W. Bruce Chew
HBR, JANUARY 1988 ISSUE
https://hbr.org/1988/01/no-nonsense-guide-to-measuring-productivity


1987

Productivity Management: A Practical Handbook

Author: Joseph Prokopenko
Publisher: ILO

Google Book Link
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=0jyOKj8S_iYC

Preview available

ILO always emphasized the productivity of all resources instead of a single point focus on labor productivity.

You can order the book from ILO
http://www.ilo.org/global/publications/ilo-bookstore/order-online/books/WCMS_PUBL_9221059014_EN/lang--en/index.htm


1985

Productivity Management: Planning, Evaluation, Control, and Improvement
D. Scott Sink
Wiley, 19 Jun 1985 - Technology & Engineering - 518 pages
Written by a well-known authority in the field, this practical reference focuses on the definition of productivity and how increasing productivity is measured, managed, paid for, and improved. Discusses performance appraisal systems, trends in productivity, and the design and implementation of successful productivity management systems, highlighting strategic planning, action planning, and effective implementation as critical components of productivity management. Includes case studies, exercises, and software support.


1984 

Productivity management: A neglected approach for reducing federal government costs

Authors
Peter J. Lemonias,
Brian L. Usilaner
Global Business and Organizational Excellence, Volume 3, Issue 2, Spring 1984
Pages 145–154
First published: March 1984, National Productivity Review, Volume 3, Issue 2,


1984

Sumanth, David J., Productivity Engineering and Management, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1984.


1982

Organizing for productivity management
Marta Mooney
National Productivity Review
Volume 1, Issue 2, pages 141–150, Spring 1982


1977
Implementing a Productivity Program
Joint Financial Management Program


Updated 10.8.2025,  7.5.2024  24 June 2017.  2 October 2016, 13 Sep 2015
First published: 29 October 2013








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Saturday, November 29, 2025

Strategic Perspectives in Industrial Engineering - Course Page

Industrial Engineering is Human Effort Engineering and System Efficiency Engineering.

Industrial Engineering is a strategic function for enterprises.


Peter Drucker said human resource management on the shop floor or office is based on the theories of industrial engineering only. When human resources and their effort and performance are strategic, industrial engineering is strategic.

Efficiency or elimination of waste reduces costs and increases profit to optimal level subject to the revenue generation constraints. Revenue generation depends on the market potential and marketing efforts. Industrial engineering helps the organizations to realize the maximum profit from the revenue using both technological and managerial options to plan and control costs. Management methods like total productivity management, total industrial engineering and total cost management implemented through industrial engineering departments contribute to long term profit planning and annual profit planning. As these exercises are part of strategic plans, industrial engineering function is a partner in strategic decision making.

A board position for Director of Efficiency is to be there and it is good to note that some organizations have that position. For instance, Jim Easton is Director of Improvement and Efficiency on NHS Commissioning Board.
( http://www.hsj.co.uk/news/policy/commissioning-board-plans-new-improvement-body-to-drive-efficiency/5047152.article July 2012   )


Strategic Importance of Productivity Improvement


Competition ensures that higher productivity firms increase their market share at the expense of the less productive.  These low productivity firms may then exit the market, and are replaced by 6 higher productivity firms.  There is strong empirical evidence of  these processes and their effects on productivity.
Report of Office of Fair Trading, UK Report 2007 on Productivity  and Competition.
http://www.oft.gov.uk/shared_oft/economic_research/oft887.pdf


Students are an important part in creating the future of industrial engineering be it by generating new ideas, researching and developing the recently published ideas, commiting themselves to recent successfully implemented techniques, and collecting case studies of successful implementations of currently popular techniques. Therefore, this course encourages students to get engaged with strategic importance and  scope of industrial engineering and develop each theme.

Innovation is a journey that starts with an idea and ends with a delighted customer.
Generate ideas first and develop them into implementable technology. Understand the customer desires and design a commercial product. Test with the customer and improve the product till the customer is delighted with product offering.

Contents of the course


1. Role of  Industrial Engineering in Strategy of the Organization - - Introduction

    Porter's two main strategic alternatives - Cost leadership and Uniqueness or unique performance 
    Industrial Engineering: Current Important Initiatives

    See the sample chapter of a book on IE and Manufacturing Engg. by Berman Cylingir Kayis
    http://www.eolss.net/Sample-Chapters/C05/E6-35-04-08.pdf
    Nadler's chapter in Salvendy's Handbook, 1992 is quoted there.

    Strategic Themes - How are they used and why?             http://www.balancedscorecard.org/portals/0/pdf/Strategic_Themes_How_Are_They_USed_And_Why.pdf
    Gail S Perry, Vice President, Strategic Solutions, Balanced Scorecard Institute, Industrial Engineering and MBA

    Top 10 Opportunities in 2013 in service industries or business - E&Y Survey
    http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Services/Advisory/The-top-10-risks-and-opportunities-for-global-organizations---Top-10-opportunities

    2. Investing in process, tools and training to achieve greater productivity
    http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Services/Advisory/The-top-10-risks-and-opportunities-for-global-organizations---Top-10-opportunities---2--Investing-in-process--tools-and-training-to-achieve-greater-productivity
    The survey results suggest that the principal barriers to improving productivity are:
    A lack of investment in skilled personnel
    An insufficient budget to make the necessary process investments
    An organizational focus on competitors, rather than on operational effectiveness
 
    Mckinsey 2010 article - Productivity Imperative for Developed Nations
    http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Operations/Product_Development/The_productivity_imperative_2630

    Systemic Practice of Industrial Engineering
    http://www.saiie.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=164:systemic-practice-of-industrial-engineering&catid=65:other&Itemid=98

    Cost leader strategy - Porter's Book - Competitive Strategy
    Cost Leader Strategy - P J Barney
    Cost Leader Strategy - Strickland


2. Total Cost Management and Industrial Engineering

    Cost Leadership Strategy - Porter - Role of Total Cost Management
 
     Article Collection  on Total Cost Management
     http://nraombakc.blogspot.com/2012/07/total-cost-management-chapter-contents.html
   
     Interesting paper published in 2002 Cost Measurement and Analysis: A Necessary Part of Industrial Engineering Education and Training. Read the paper online from:
     http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e7465721192e45361066f560.html
     Summary at: http://meenakshi-ie.blogspot.in/2012/08/cost-measurement-and-analysis.html
   
     Cost Measurment: Tools and Methodology for Cost Effectiveness Analysis -1972
     Rand Organization Paper
      http://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/2008/P4762.pdf
   
      Cost forecasts for various technology power plants up to 2050 - NREL Report
      http://bv.com/docs/reports-studies/nrel-cost-report.pdf

      Total Cost Management Movement in India
      http://mycii.in/KmResourceApplication/E000000893.1226.TCM%20Movement%20in%20India.pdf

      Modelling cost management maturity  - CII model
      http://cmaindia.informe.com/forum/cost-and-management-accounts-finance-and-cost-and-management-audit-f13/modelling-cost-management-maturity-t1884.html

      Total Cost Industrial Engineering
      http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html

3. Total Productivity Management

     Total Productivity Management and Total Cost Management by including realization of Learning Effect Results
   
      Chapter in Maynard's Handbook 5th Edition
   
       Total Productivity Management - Top down production management in Japan
      1997 paper by Nakamura
       http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34620/1/815_ftp.pdf
     
       Impact of Management Practices on Total Factor Productivity - Eritrean Fishing Companies
       http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08272004-083311/unrestricted/01dissertation.pdf
       http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08272004-083311/unrestricted/02back.pdf

4. Total Industrial Engineering

     The concept being advocated by Yamashina as part of his WCM strategy.
     Total Industrial Engineering contributing to Total Productivity Management and Total Cost Management
   
     World Class Manufacturing by Yamashina
     http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/08/world-class-manufacturing-explanation.html
   
     Industrial engineers can take some steps to involve all employees in improvement activities. See citizen's science initiatives. http://www.scientificamerican.com/citizen-science/

     Mura, Muda, Muri
     MUDA( Waste) MURI( Strain) MURA( Discrepancy).
     Muda: Waste
     Muri: “Overburden” or “Unreasonableness” – in short, asking someone to do something which he should not have to do, or which cannot be done.
     Mura: “Inconsistency” or “Unevenness” – wildly varying the workload, introducing instability into the process (usually from external factors).
     http://www.chrmglobal.com/Articles/485/1/The-Lean-Thinking--Mura-Muri-Muda.html
     http://www.velaction.com/muda-muri-mura/
     http://www.toyota-global.com/company/toyota_traditions/quality/jul_aug_2004.html
     http://leanmanufacturingtools.org/71/muda-mura-and-muri-lean-manufacturing-wastes/
     http://www.cii-iq.in/CII/events/Lean2012/ppts/Toyota%20Kirloskar_Parashuram.pdf
     http://theleanthinker.com/common-searches/
   
     A Study of the Tovota Production System From an Industrial Engineering Viewpoint
     by Shigeo Shingo - Summary
     http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/course/opns430/modules/lean_operations/shingo.pdf

5. Current Concerns of Boards in the area of Efficiency

    Boards Look for Efficiency With IT - November 2011
    http://www.directorship.com/boards-look-for-efficiency-with-it/
    IT Cost Reduction Initiatives:
    Cost Reduction in Imaging and Output infrastructure
    http://ievarunmitra.blogspot.in/2012/08/cutting-costs-and-maximizing-return-on.html
 
    IT Cost Reduction - Accenture insights  - 2012
    http://www.accenture.com/us-en/Pages/insight-it-cost-reductions-new-technologies.aspx
 
    Article for each step recommended in Accenture Report
    Information Technology Systems Cost Reduction
 
    Reducing the waste in the testing cycle
    http://mgmtvideo.blogspot.com/2012/09/reducing-waste-in-testing-cycle-youtube.html

    Federal Marketplace for Data Center Capacity - Webinar Video
    http://mgmtvideo.blogspot.com/2012/09/federal-marketplace-for-data-center.html

    Lean IT: Enabling and Sustaining Your Lean Transformation
    Google book
    http://books.google.co.in/books?id=3Si41XmQlXAC

    Lean Software Development and IT Enabled Services - Collection of Books and Articles - NRao
    http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/04/lean-software-development-and-it.html

6. Lean Supply Chain

7. Sustainability Movement and Industrial Engineering

   Manufacturing and the Science of Sustainability
   Keynote Address byTimothy G. Gutowski
   Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambrige, MA 02139
   2011
   http://web.mit.edu/ebm/www/Publications/Gutowski_CIRP_Keynote_2011.pdf  - Important Paper
 
   Industrial Engineering and Sustainability - Bibliography
   http://nraoiekc.blogspot.in/2012/08/industrial-engineering-and.html
 
   Importance of Industrial Ecology subject in Engineering Education
   http://ankita-ie.blogspot.in/2012/08/international-journal-of-sustainability.html (IE assignment)
 
   Sustainability and Resource Productivity - McKinsey Page
   http://www.mckinsey.com/client_service/sustainability




   The Emerging Roles of Industrial Engineers in Preventing Pollution and Creating a Sustainable Environment
    http://sumeet-industrial-engineering-2012.blogspot.in/2012/08/ie-concepts-research-paper-summary.html


   A SYNOPSIS OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING METHODS UTILIZED IN DESIGNING FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
   http://vikassakre5.blogspot.in/2012/08/ie-research-paper.html

   A Guide to Integrating Value Engineering, Life-Cycle
   Costing, and Sustainable Development in FEDERAL FACILITIES, USA - 2001
    http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/SUSFFC/fedsus.pdf
 

8. Scientific Management Theory

1. DISCIPLINARY LINKS BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT - MIT Working paper - 2009

Review the preface and first chapter of the book

2. Manufacturing Rationality: The Engineering Foundations of the Managerial Revolution
By Yehouda Shenhav
Oxford University Press, 1999
Preview available in http://books.google.co.in/books?id=eg7ljkZueSEC

3. AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT: ON THE LOST THEORETICAL LOGIC OF TAYLORISM.  Wagner-Tsukamoto, Sigmund. Academy of Management Review. Jan2007, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p105-117. (Note: Down load from Ebsco Host database of the institute)


9. Strategic Industrial Engineering

    Paper on Strategic Industrial Engineering
    http://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/6752/Development_Leonard%282006%29.pdf?sequence=1

    Universiteit Stellenbosch University - South Africa
    http://www.ie.sun.ac.za/component/content/118?task=view
    http://www.ie.sun.ac.za/component/content/96?task=view

   Strategic Productivity by Marketable Technology
   http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IEL/article/view/1073/993

   Thesis on Strategic Industrial Engineering Philosophy P.S. Leonard 2004
    http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04252005-161604/

10. Review of Current Research in Industrial Engineering Related to Strategic Themes

      Themes
      Total Cost Management and Cost Management
      Total Productivity Management and Productivity Management
      Total Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Level Industrial Engineering
      Cost Leadership Strategy - Opportunities and Required Processes
      IT Cost Reduction
      Lean Supply Chain
      Sustainability and Environmental Management - Role of Industrial Engineering Departments and Discipline
      Maintenance Efficiency Improvement and Total Productive Maintenance Movement
      Six Sigma
      Value Engineering

       We review

Value Chain Analysis 

in this topic

     1.   Value Chain Analysis IMA Note
        http://www.imanet.org/PDFs/Public/Research/SMA/Value%20Chain%20Analysis.pdf
   
    2.  http://www.rti.org/pubs/US_Automotive.pdf
       Interoperability cost analysis of US automotive sector

    3.    http://cde.athabascau.ca/online_book/pdf/TPOL_chp03.pdf
           Value chain analysis - A Strategic approach to online learning

       Alok Chakraborty - Value Chain Analysis - Note

   

Introduction to Industrial Engineering Course Page

Related Articles, Papers and Presentations

Strategic Perspective - Supply Chain Manufacturing Activities
http://www.ndia.org/Divisions/Divisions/Manufacturing/Documents/019A/3Strategic_Perspective_for_NDIA_4Nov2009.pdf

A Strategic Perspective on Value - 2009 - Rockwell Automation
Value of a supplier services
http://literature.rockwellautomation.com/idc/groups/literature/documents/wp/oem-wp006_-en-p.pdf



Latest Trends in IE Prof Scott Sinks answer in Linked Discussion for the topic
What are the latest trends in Industrial Engineering? I am looking for some answers by the experts in this field. Thanks


Based on my meetings with the Council on Industrial Engineering (a senior IE leader at Boeing, Kraft, Hershey, Disney, GM, Walmart, Deere, Campbell, Vought-Triumph, and others), I'd say the top 10 are

1--Business Requirements Definition Design for new Systems
2--Strategic Performance Improvement Planning Systems/Processes/Deployment/Execution
3--Integrated Lean and SixSigma
4--overall system architecture for Improvement at all levels, continuous, DMAIC, Design for LeanSigma, Business Process Improvement, Business Process Reengineering
5--key roles in Enterprise Transformation
6--Information Technology  -  Enablement Design and Rationalization/Improvement
7--Benefits Realization from ERP implementations
8--Change Leadership and Management assurance
9--Improved Implementation Effectiveness and Yield Loss reduction
10--Performance Measurement System Design, Development and Deployment; all levels





Ud. 29.11.2025
Pub. 15.12.2012
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