Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering. It is Machine Effort and Human Effort IE. 4 Million Page View Blog. 200,000+ visitors. (36,000+ pv, 25,500+ visitors in 2025.)------------------
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Process Improvement using engineering knowledge to reduce cost through increasing productivity of machines and men by reducing machine time and man time is the main activity of industrial engineering.
Many other disciplines help industrial engineers to achieve their objectives. But the main discipline that is the foundation for IE is engineering of products and processes.
Do it. It is Real Engineering. Industrial Engineering is Engineering Primarily.
Find 5 new engineering developments every day in elements related to facilities, products and processes in your organization and assess their use for industrial engineering.
Quicktron Robotics Launches QuickMix Suite of Integrated Goods-Handling Technologies for the USA
18 December, 2025
DALLAS, Texas, Nov. 11, 2025 – Quicktron Robotics announced that it will launch the QuickMix suite, its newest generation of intralogistics innovations, in the USA. QuickMix is a full suite of integrated goods-handling technologies including G2P systems, QuickBin+, QuickBin Ultra, QuickCube and Mixed Picking Workstations. The company’s QuickMix hybrid solution combines tote-to-person, shelf-to-person, pallet-to-person, high density storage and flexible transport into a single robot control system platform. Designed for multi-robot collaboration, QuickMix enables operations to adapt to complex and rapidly changing needs.
When investing in new solutions or systems, it is critical to the return on that investment. We know for certain that one important benefit you will get from implementing assisted lifting solutions are healthier and happier employees. You will also decrease sick leave and associated costs, as well as minimize the trouble of having to reorganize personnel to cope with the daily tasks.
6 Months ROI
Tawi Lifting Trolleys
Industrial Lifting and Handling for Rolls, Drums, and Containers
The Pro40, Pro80, Pro140, Pro180, Pro250 Tawi lifting trolleys
ROI for most of our clients is 6 months. The maximum we’ve seen is a whole year, though one of our pharmaceutical companies did realize an ROI on the TAWI lift trolly within 3 months!
Pfizer Installs Feeding Systems For Continuous Manufacturing Operations
Source: Coperion & Coperion K-Tron
Source: Pfizer Manufacturing Deutschland GmbH, Freiburg
Coperion K-Tron has supplied two feeding systems to Pfizer Manufacturing Deutschland GmbH in Freiburg, Germany, as part of a project to expand their existing plant and switch to continuous production.
Egemin automates Pfizer’s production logistics with AGV
Egemin recently sold an AGV system to Pfizer Freiburg. The system consists of 4 AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles) that will deliver the ingredients for medicine production to 150 workstations, via the best possible route.
Sr. Manager, Industrial Engineering for Amazon in Material Handling.
Amazon Bellevue, WA 2 weeks ago (As on 25.3.2022)
About the job -Job Summary
DESCRIPTION
Amazon created one of the most sophisticated supply chains in the world. From the introduction of Amazon Prime, to the use of advanced technology for package delivery, Amazon consistently drives change from the front of the pack.
Amazon is now searching for an innovative and solutions-oriented Sr. Manager, Industrial Engineering to be a part of our global initiative of developing and delivering the next generation of world-class fulfillment systems. Successful candidates are natural self-starters who have prior engineering experience in the integrated automation project life cycle, including development, design, implementation, enhancement, and support.
As a Sr. Manager, Industrial Engineering for Amazon Fulfillment, you will work with some of the most talented engineers in the design, development, and delivery of physical distribution systems around the globe. You will lead a team of engineers that executes complex cross-functional projects and programs that focus on the building of new, the alteration of existing, and the closing of end-of-life material handling and technology systems. As a senior manager, you are responsible for establishing the right engineering team structure and overall execution strategy to meet long-term business needs. You have a strategic focus, and you partner with business leaders, technical managers, and senior engineers to deliver the long-term strategy of program growth and project execution.
You must be responsive, flexible, and able to succeed within an open collaborative environment. Amazon’s culture encourages innovation and expects engineers to take a high-level of ownership in solving complex problems.
Key job responsibilities
Responsibilities
Own the design and development of engineering solutions for complex material handling challenges considering human/equipment interactions for the North America fulfillment network
Lead and coordinate concept and design development efforts for optimal solutions for the North America fulfillment network through equipment specification, material flow, process design, ergonomics, associate experience, operational considerations and site layout
Lead and manage a team of talented engineers handling multiple projects at a time
Work closely with vendors, suppliers, and other teams to create innovative solutions
Simultaneously manage multiple high-visibility projects and tasks while effectively influencing, negotiating, and communicating with internal and external business partners, contractors, and vendors
Innovate with complex automated material handling equipment, packaging technologies, and systems, including robotics and mechatronics, across many new fulfillment and logistics centers that are being built each year
Provide technical leadership for large-scale industrial engineering projects using MS Excel, AutoCAD, and MS Project
Work with complex MHE, packaging lines, and process design based on Lean Manufacturing tools and techniques
Drive engineering best practices (e.g., operational excellence, safety, security, quality, performance, etc.) and set standards for project execution and installation management
Coordinate with local site management to ensure proper operator training, procedural compliance, maintenance, and safety practices are followed for new and existing equipment
Build strong relationships with partner organizations within the company such as North America Start-up, North America Launch team, Worldwide Design team, North America Procurement, Information Technology, Loss Prevention, Facilities, Safety, Change Management and North America Operations
BASIC QUALIFICATIONS
Bachelor’s in Mechanical/Industrial/Process Engineering or related STEM field; or 2+ years related Amazon experience
10+ years of experience in a similar field or related occupation of Design/Innovation, Research & Development, Manufacturing/Process/Industrial Engineering
5+ years of experience managing and leading a team of 10+ engineers
Experience with MHE and packaging lines or process design based on Lean Manufacturing techniques
Experience using MS Excel, MS Project, and CAD software
Experience leading engineering design projects and interacting with cross-functional teams
Preferred Qualifications
MBA/Master’s Degree, or other advanced degree in Mechanical/Industrial/Process Engineering, Operations, Business Administration or related field and at least 5 years of progressively responsible experience in the specialty
Experience with complex automated material handling equipment, packaging technologies, and systems including robotics and high-speed manufacturing
Proficiency using AutoCAD 3D
Proficiency using advanced simulation modeling tools (Flexsim, Arena, Simio, etc)
Proficiency in running SQL queries and data mining
Experience in engineering and estimating material handling and storage systems
Operations Management/ Fulfillment/Distribution Center experience preferred
Capital project management skills
Proficiency with concepts like system architecture, optimization, system dynamics, system analysis, statistical analysis, and reliability analysis
Design-in-Safety experience
Experience with process design based on Lean Principles.
Six Sigma certification
Proficiency using business/technical software like MS Excel, MS Project, and CAD software.
Proficiency with concepts like system architecture, optimization, system dynamics, system analysis, statistical analysis, reliability analysis, and decision making.
IRB 5710 and IRB 5720 - large ABB robots increase speed and flexibility for material handling
ABB Robotics, 9 Mar 2022
Making industries more competitive with ABB’s large new robots. Introducing IRB 5710 and IRB 5720 powered by ABB’s new OmniCoreTM controller V250XT featuring ABB’s TrueMove and QuickMove motion control technology. The OmniCore V250XT controller enables the robots to offer class-leading speed, improving production capacity with lower manufacturing times.
Unlock new industries with ABB’s IRB 5710 and IRB 5720 large robots for material handling on EV battery production. EV designs can often be highly complex, and components such as batteries and semiconductor modules can be very heavy or extremely fragile. These demands call for solutions that can offer maximum precision and repeatability to avoid errors in production whilst also improving worker health and safety. ABB’s new large robots will increase the speed and flexibility for material handling on the EV battery production.
DTIC AD0020834: AN ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF CARGO HANDLING: To reduce cargo handling time in ships.
The only significant Improvement In cargo handling has been made In the loading of bulk cargo such as ore and oil. Conveyors and other automatic equipment can load specially designed ships with these commodities at rates as high as 2000 to 3000 tons per hour. Contrast this with the rate of loading general cargo, which Is approximately 10 to 20 tons per hour per hatch or a maximum of 50 to 100 tons per hour If five hatches are loaded simultaneously. Opportunities for the use of mechanical loading methods on the ordinary cargo ship, however, are limited by the fact that the ships are designed for flexibility; i,e.
Reduce labor needs, accidents, and downtime and improve overall safety by transforming material movement and warehousing with JBT’s Automated Guided Vehicles
What if the right materials arrived at the right place, at the right time, just in time, every time—with no labor involved? That’s the idea behind JBT’s Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs), which replace conventional forklifts and drivers with connected, intelligent, safe, and efficient autonomous forklifts that have revolutionized and streamlined operations and improved profitability across multiple industries.
21 of the Latest and Greatest Material Handling Equipment
Take a look at the latest material handling equipment from barcode scanners to lane changers to automated dumping.
A new study shows that executives expect the most disruptive technologies to be drones (39%), driverless/autonomous vehicles (38%), wearable and mobile technology (37%) and robotics (37%).
Process Improvement using engineering knowledge to reduce cost through increasing productivity of machines and men by reducing machine time and man time is the main activity of industrial engineering.
Many other disciplines help industrial engineers to achieve their objectives. But the main discipline that is the foundation for IE is engineering of products and processes.
Industrial engineer analyzes each process into its ultimate, simple elements, and compares each of these simplest steps or processes with an ideal or perfect condition and modifies the element appropriately. - F.W. Taylor - Hugo Diemer.
Prof. Hugo Diemer - Taylor's Industrial Engineering
Do it. It is Real Engineering. Industrial Engineering is Engineering Primarily.
Find 5 new engineering developments every day in elements related to facilities, products and processes in your organization and assess their use for industrial engineering.
RFID in the Warehouse: Driving Fulfilment Efficiency
With RFID technology deployed, retailers can optimize their entire supply chain operations and drive increased fulfillment efficiency, benefiting all stakeholders involved.
Drone- and sensor-based solution for autonomous stocktaking and inventory
✅ using mapping data
✅ LED lights for dark aisles
✅ scans 12 pallets every 110 seconds
✅ fully charged in 12 hours
Tracking every pallets' position with laser precision.
The ground robot continually monitors its 2D position within the digital map of the site, whilst simultaneously monitoring the vertical position (height) of the drone in relation to the height of each shelf + ensuring that every barcode detected is mapped precisely to the physical rack position in which it was found.
Michael Miller Fabrics Warehouse Tour | Bolts, Bundles and Fabric Galore! - Interesting.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jlx89TLZTWY
Sensors and Mobile Platforms: The Eyes and Ears of the Modern Warehouse
January 26, 2022
Equipping autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles with intelligent sensor technology, to develop safe, efficient distribution (DC) and fulfillment center (FC) operations
With automation making a big mark on the modern warehouse or DC, automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) and mobile collaborative robots continue to make their way into the fulfillment environment, where 34% and 20% (respectively) of companies are already using automated equipment to run their logistics operations.
We at Pesmel design and deliver automated material flow solutions in industrial handling, packing, storing and logistics. Our focus is on increasing the overall efficiency of our customers’ operations through the benefits of ensured quality and accuracy of deliveries, improved space efficiency, work safety and shorter turnaround times.
https://www.linkedin.com/company/pesmel/
https://pesmel.com/
What Is The Best Type Of Flooring For A Warehouse?
Concrete Alone Isn’t Up To The Job.
Warehouse Epoxy Flooring.
To find out more about our Food Grade heavy-duty polyurethane floor coating and other industrial floor coatings then head to our website today.
An automated parcel dimensioning system plays a significant role in managing all the warehousing operations.
The size plays a massive role in the warehouse vertical, right from the market size to estimating a delivery timeframe depends on the parcel size to the customers’ doorstep.
Mannington Carpet Products Master Distribution Center Design - Productivity Benefit
Planning and design of a newly acquired retrofitted facility to serve as a master distribution center
Mannington recently acquired an existing manufacturing facilty site in Calhoun, Georgia and converted into a master distribution center. The redesigned facility is to receive, warehouse, pick and ship the following materials:
Carpet products including modular (palletized carpet tile), and 6’ and 12’ broadloom carpet (rolls), all currently manufactured in Calhoun at the manufacturing plant located approximately 1 mile away from the new building. Several products are arrive as case goods to be stored on pallets.
The final design provided flexible storage solutions, focusing on maximizing cube utilization in comparison to the utilization of space in existing facilities. New design allowed for use of smaller footprint. The space efficient design resulted in 70K sqft of additional warehousing capacity. The project was completed on-time.
The JSC team (consultant) surveyed multiple existing Mannington operations and completed a detailed storage data analysis. Then, the JSC specialist identified opportunities to conserve space and increase storage utilization. The team achieved both through exhaustive data analysis, space modeling and the integration of multiple storage solutions. All of which were specified in the appropriate quantities based on product handling attributes and velocity.
Johnson Stephens Consulting
a division of Hy-Tek Integrated Systems
August 5, 2020
Atlanta, GA – Johnson Stephens Consulting, a division of Hy-Tek Integrated Systems, has been recognized by Supply Chain Brain in the 2020 list of “100 Great Supply Chain Partners." To be included in this list, a vendor must be nominated by satisfied customers. It’s the true test of whether those bold advertising claims prove out in the real world. https://johnsonstephens.com/media/jsc-named-to-supply-chain-brain-100-great-supply-chain-partners/
Modern Warehouse Technology
13 March 2020 ______________________
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smilviq8tv0
______________________
Updated on 24.8.2023, 23.3.2022, 7 Jan 2022, 27 May 2021, 22 Feb 2021, 22 August 2020,
5 July 2020
The present invention relates to a sensor system for a cutting machine tool (300) with an energy supply unit (101), which inductively provides energy for the supply of at least one sensor arrangement (110) of the cutting machine tool (300) out of a magnetic alternating field (B), at least one sensor arrangement which measures a force, appearing within the cutting machine tool (300) and/or a torque and/or the body sound within the cutting machine tool, and a data transmitting unit (120), which wirelessly transmits data, which relate to a value, which is measured by the at least one sensor arrangement (110) of the cutting machine tool (300).
Digital Tool Data or Smart Tool Systems can answer these questions.
Which components has the tool machined?
• How has concentricity and axial runout accuracy impacted tool life and gear quality?
• How have modifi ed process parameters infl uenced the tool life?
• How do changes to the technological angles of the cutting edge affect the tool life?
• Is this the right tool for the next production order?
• What is the condition of the tool?
• How many more gears can I produce with this tool?
Digital Solutions
SMART TOOLING – A 360° VIEW OF GEAR PRODUCTION
Klingelnberg - White Paper
1/14/2015
Improve Productivity with Digital Tooling Data
Novosphere system seamlessly interfaces cloud-enabled digital tooling data and intelligence with production, inventory, and e-commerce to optimize shop productivity.
Kennametal’s Novosphere, Novo digital process planning application supplies complete tool data (milling, turning, holemaking, tools, toolholders, spare parts, speeds and feeds, and more) and through an interface with Machining Cloud GmbH, brings additional information related to part design efficiency in CAD/CAM, cutting simulations, presetting, inventory management and e-commerce. Novosphere feeds these potential process improvements into the shop based on the shop’s equipment and data collected from them.
From quotation to inspection, Novosphere supports various stages to increase productivity:
Select and Advise Stage: Evaluate machining strategies based upon machine, material, part features, and specs, determining the best machining approach and requirements for time, cost and tools.
Simulate Stage: Simulate the entire process from start to finish to find dimensional issues and possible collisions.
Inquire and Purchase Stage: Investigate what they already have to perform the job and the availability of what needs to be purchased.
Optimize Stage: Based on feedback taken on the effectiveness of the plan, whether it met time and cost requirements, improvement is done for future plans.
In the project, we follow a tool assembly that an OEM (Scania) buys components from a tool supplier (Sandvik Coromant) for use as a resource in its manufacture of components for heavy powertrains. Sandvik Coromant and Scania exchange information in a way that promotes their operations respectively.
A New Technology from Studer (a member of the United Grinding Group) for Dressing Metal Bond Wheels To Extend Its Use
Metal bonded grinding wheels have very good dimensional stability, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity. But there was a disadvantage due to the difficulty of maintaining their shape throughout a production run. Dressing the wheel when it becomes loaded with workpiece material is also time consuming. It typically required “sticking” it with aluminum oxide inside the machine , or dressing it offline with a silicon-carbide wheel. Both consumed time. And, if a radius or any point along the profile broke down, it was really hard to reform it. Together, these factors severely limited the adoption of the wheels despite positive benefits which are substantial.
Studer’s WireDress technology uses a thin, electrically charged wire to both shape and dress a metal bonded wheel—on the machine and at speed. It can maintain a complex form, including thread forms, with high accuracy. It is very consistent on the forms dressed, and it gives extremely accurate form. It is a wire erosion process and the wire doesn’t actually make contact with the wheel and leaves the abrasive grains untouched. It erodes the metal bond around the diamonds, creating a really open and free cutting wheel. With finer grit wheels, more aggressive cutting action is observed up to about 30 percent higher.
When Studer first introduced WireDress four years ago, it required space on the machine table. The company has now introduced a second-generation Wire-Dress system that fits entirely behind the workhead, so it doesn’t take up any table space on the machine.
The dressing technology requires a considerable investment, but for the right application with the right volume, there is return on investment. Suitable applications include carbide, carbide coatings, ceramics, or high-volume work where the combined material removal rate and durability of metal bond wheels add a lot of value.
Studer Report: Another area that reached a record high was WireDress technology, which enables the precise dressing of metal-bonded grinding wheels, boosting productivity to higher levels.
Product families help you to create flow manufacturing cells. Flow manufacturing has many benefits compared to job shop or job queue manufacturing shops. Jobs have inherent delays in material flow.
Flow manufacturing is one of the five principles of lean manufacturing design.
Analysis of Delays
Delays, both temporary and permanent were recognized by process improvement advocates. But the attention given to preventing delays did not receive strong push. It is Japanese managers and industrial engineers who made innovation in this area and then extended the requirements to reduce delays to the other three operations processing, inspection and transport and realized dramatic improvement in productivity that exceeded the performance of US companies by even 100 percent.
Shigeo Shingo explained the analysis and prevention of delays well in his book TPS: IE Point of View.
Eliminating - Stocks and Temporary/Permanent Storage Operations (Delay)
There are three types of accumulations between processes:
E storage - Planned inventories resulting from unbalanced flow between processes (engineering) C storage - buffer or cushion stock to avoid delay in subsequent processes due to machine breakdowns or rejects (control) S storage - safety stock; Stock kept to take care of variability of demand during lead time and variability of production lead time.
Eliminating E-Storage
E-storage is due to engineering/planning/design of the production-distribution system. SMED reduces batch quantities and thus reduces planned lot size inventories. Synchronize the entire process flow.
Eliminating C storage - Cushion
compensating for: machine breakdowns, defective products, and downtime for tool and die changes
Prevent machine breakdowns - Zero Defect Movement - Eliminate Lengthy setups and tool changes
Eliminating Safety (S) storage - Plan to fulfil demand directly from production.
Recent Developments - News Information on Reducing Process Delays
Interesting Paper
An Empirical Study of Delays in Large Engineering Projects: An Indian Experience
R. Jayaraman.
Jindal Journal of Business Research, Volume 10, Issue 1
I help any high-mix low-volume (HMLV) manufacturer customize their impleme
Fellow IEs, how can we rejuvenate our profession? There is a lot of IE that is missing in the Toyota Production System. It just takes for each of use to take an IE textbook, each to identify a chapter whose content matches a lot of what we know about the Toyota Production System, and put those chapters through the "Leanification grinder". Infusing "Lean IE" into the IE we know is going to produce an IE BoK that is much-needed, both by educators (and students) as well as all of us practitioners.
If nothing else, is Lean going to wipe out Industrial Engineering? If yes, then when somebody asks an IE, "Quo Vadis", will their reply be, "My professional grave?".
" It just takes for each of use to take an IE textbook, each to identify a chapter whose content matches a lot of what we know about the Toyota Production System, and put those chapters through the "Leanification grinder"."
We just have to take temporary delays and storage time of process chart and examine ways to minimize them. Cycle time can reduce to processing time + inspection time + transport time. All TPS innovations will enter IE BOK.
The origins of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) came from the 1918 book Installing Efficiency Methods by Charles E. Knoeppel. The book contains diagrams showing the flow of materials and information.
At Milliken, the VSM application sits within the Production Flow (PF) methodology inside the Milliken Performance System (MPS).
Eliminating - Stocks and Temporary/Permanent Storage Operations (Delay)
There are three types of accumulations between processes:
E storage - Planned inventories resulting from unbalanced flow between processes (engineering)
C storage - buffer or cushion stock to avoid delay in subsequent processes due to machine breakdowns or rejects (control)
S storage - safety stock; Stock kept to take care of variability of demand during lead time and variability of production lead time.
Eliminating E-Storage
E-storage is due to engineering/planning/design of the production-distribution system. SMED reduces batch quantities and thus reduces planned lot size inventories. Synchronize the entire process flow.
Eliminating C storage - Cushion
compensating for:
machine breakdowns,
defective products, and
downtime for tool and die changes
Prevent machine breakdowns - Zero Defect Movement - Eliminate Lengthy setups and tool changes
Eliminating Safety (S) storage - Plan to fulfil demand directly from production.
Prevent machine breakdowns
Determining the cause of machine failure at the time it occurs, even if it means shutting down the line temporarily.
Total quality management.
Use better inspection processes:
Self Inspection.
Successive Inspection.
Enhancement to inspection through Poka Yoke
Eliminate Cushion Storage: Eliminate Lengthy setups and tool changes
Implement SMED to eliminate long set-up times and tool changes
Running smaller batch sizes to allow for quick changes in production plans
Eliminate Cushion Storage
Absorb Change in Production Plan
Running smaller batch sizes allows for quick changes in production plans without disturbing flow production to significant extent.
Eliminating Safety (S) storage
Safety stock is kept not to take care of any predicted problem but to provide additional security
It may guard against delivery delays, scheduling errors, indefinite production schedules, etc.
Ex. 10 Delivery to stores
In example 2.10 Shingo mentions a company wherein vendors supply to store and from store components are supplied to assembly line.
Shingo suggested that vendors should directly supply the day’s requirements to assembly floor and in case of any problem, components in the store can be used.
Less Need for Safety Stock Observed
That practice led to the observation that very less safety stock is needed in the store.
Shingo recommends keeping a small controlled stock that is only used when the daily or hourly scheduled delivery fails or falls behind.
In case of unexpected defects also it can be used.
The safety stock can then be replenished when the scheduled materials arrive, but the supply of materials due for the process go directly to the line, rather than normally going into storage first.
This is the essence of the just-in-time supply method.
Eliminating lot delays
While lots are processed, the entire lot, except for the one piece being processed, is in storage (is idle).
The greatest reduction in production time can be achieved when transport lot sizes are reduced to just one; the piece that was just worked on.
SMED
Using SMED (single-minute exchange of dies), set up time is decreased so large lot sizes are no longer necessary to achieve machine operating efficiencies.
SMED facilitates one item lot sizes.
Layout Improvement - Flow
Transportation changes can be accomplished through flow layout and using gravity feed Chutes which result in shorter production cycles and decreases in transport man-hours.
Reducing Cycle Time
Generally, semi-processed parts are held between processes 80% of the time in a production cycle time.
It quantity leveling is used and synchronization of flow is created, the cycle time can be reduced by 80%.
By shifting to small lot sizes will further reduce cycle time.
TPS – Reduction of Delays or Storage
Methods of reducing production time delays (JIT) is the foundation of Toyota Production System.
It clearly brings down production cycle time and thereby offers small order to delivery time.
Process mining is extracting process-oriented knowledge from event logs recorded in MES and exploiting the big data to provide an accurate view on manufacturing process. Process mining provides a manufacturing process model, which is valuable to provide an insight of actual manufacturing processes. It will perform further analysis for the discovered model such as bottleneck analysis, and is can conduct machine analysis that shows the utilization of machines.
The framework of process mining has four major steps: data preparation, data preprocessing, manufacturing process mining and analysis, and evaluation and interpretation.
In the data preparation step, raw data are extracted from MES databases. Next, data pruning and filtering should be done and the refined data are converted into a standard form, i.e. MXML. In the next step, several process mining techniques are applied according to the two perspectives: Process and Resource. In the process perspective, we can discover a process model and conduct process performance analysis such as conformance checking, bottleneck analysis, and pattern analysis. The resource perspective mainly focuses on resource performance analysis to find machine utilization. The results are available to decision makers to evaluate and interpret by decision makers and improve the existing processes based on the interpreted results.
Updated 28.6.2022, 14.6.2022, 15.9.2021 17 July 2021
