Thursday, August 31, 2023

Enterprise IT Asset Management - Industrial Engineering

 


The International Association of Information Technology Asset Managers (IAITAM) defines IT asset management as:


a set of business practices that incorporates IT assets across the business units within the organization. It joins the financial, inventory, contractual and risk management responsibilities to manage the overall life cycle of these assets including tactical and strategic decision making.


IT assets are important because they help to maintain the CIA triad. CIA comes from confidentiality, integrity and availability: “At the core of information security is information assurance, the act of maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of information, ensuring that information is not compromised in any way when critical issues arise. These issues include but are not limited to natural disasters, computer/server malfunction, and physical theft.”

https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/it-asset-management-itam/

An overview of enterprise information management (EIM)
Enterprise information management (EIM) is defined as the optimization, storage and processing of data within an enterprise through the combined power of business intelligence or analytics and content management.

In other words, EIM software enables organizations to manage structured and unstructured data across business operations, extract valuable business insights and secure that information while meeting compliance requirements, all on a single platform — at enterprise level.

The goal of information management solutions is to improve efficiency, promote transparency and enable business insights by leveraging software solutions and technologies that are designed to help organizations extract value from their information.

https://www.hyland.com/en/resources/terminology/enterprise-information-management

What is IT asset management (ITAM)?
IT asset management (also known as ITAM) is the process of ensuring an organization’s assets are accounted for, deployed, maintained, upgraded, and disposed of when the time comes. Put simply, it’s making sure that the valuable items, tangible and intangible, in your organization are tracked and being used.  

So, what’s an IT asset? Defined simply, an IT asset includes hardware, software systems, or information an organization values

https://www.atlassian.com/itsm/it-asset-management

Enterprise information asset management: the roles and responsibilities of executive boards
Nina Evans &James Price
Knowledge Management Research & Practice 
Volume 14, 2016 - Issue 3
Pages 353-361 | Published online: 19 Dec 2017
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1057/kmrp.2014.39

Enterprise Information Management and Information Strategy: A Brief How-To Guide
By John H. Dickey, MSHI, RHIA, PMP
https://bok.ahima.org/doc?oid=302595


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Industrial Engineering Principles, Methods Tools and Techniques

Online Free Access Handbook of Industrial Engineering includes all modules of IE Online Course Notes.

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING  Pdf File. FREE DOWNLOAD.
by Narayana Rao Kvss. 

Contents
1. Industrial Engineering - Introduction and History
2. Definition and Explanation
3. Contribution of Taylor, Gilbreth and Harrington Emerson
4. Principles of Industrial Engineering
5. Functions of Industrial Engineering
6. Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering








Principles, Methods Tools and Techniques of Industrial Engineering


An explanation says principles are scientific theories or cause and effect relationships. They are of permanent nature until revised due to empirical studies and identification of new facts.

Methods are general approaches that use the scientific principle or principles for beneficial use. They are also of permanent nature.

Tools are contemporaneous ways of implementing methods.

Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering - Narayana Rao

1. Develop science for each element of a man - machine system's work related to efficiency and productivity.
2. Engineer methods, processes and operations to use the laws related to the work of machines, man, materials and other resources.
3. Select or assign workmen based on predefined aptitudes for various types of man - machine work.
4. Train workmen, supervisors, and engineers in the new methods.
5. Incorporate suggestions of operators, supervisors and engineers in the methods redesign on a continuous basis.
6. Plan and manage productivity at system level.

(The above subsection is added on 4 June 2016. Principles developed by Narayana Rao based on principles of scientific management by F.W. Taylor)

Principles of Industrial Engineering - Narayana Rao

The full paper by Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao is now in proceedings of IISE 2017 Annual Conference. The proceedings in Proquest journal database. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1951119980

Detailed List of Principles - Presented at IISE 2017 Annual Conference at Pittsburgh on 23 May 2017.


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NRao making the presentation
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Principles of Industrial Engineering - Narayana Rao - Detailed List


Clicking on the link will take you to more detailed content on the principle

4. Principles of (machine) utilization economy to be developed for all resources used in engineering systems.  (Principles of machine productivity now developed out of Taylor's piece rate paper)


Industrial Engineering Principle of Respect for People.
Taylor wrote, "The writer has a profound respect for the working men of this country. "
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2013/08/personal-relations-between-employers.html



Principles of industrial engineering - Presented at IISE 2017 Annual Conference at Pittsburgh on 23 May 2017 - Presentation Video

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Two important components of industrial engineering are System Efficiency Engineering and Human Effort Engineering. 

We can say System Industrial Engineering and Human Effort Industrial Engineering.

Even though human effort is a part of system, it is specially highlighted as human comfort, health, safety and satisfaction are special concern of industrial engineers apart from productivity subject to quality/specification/customer satisfaction maintenance.

Also, we can say two important analyses in process improvement studies of industrial engineering are machine effort (work) study and operator effort (work) study. In process flow charts, for each step machine effort analysis sheet and operator effort analysis sheet are to be made. In the case of operator work, two handed process chart is available. In the case of machine effort, process plan sheet format can be used.

Principles of Industrial Engineering related to various methods of industrial engineering are being assembled in these two articles

Principles of Human Effort Engineering

Principles of System Efficiency Engineering


Levels of Industrial Engineering in an Organization

Industrial Engineering Strategy - Enterprise Level Industrial Engineering

Policy Decisions by Top Management: Starting and Expanding IE Department, Approval of Productivity Improvement Project Portfolio as part of Capital Budgeting of the Company, Approving Productivity Policy, Setting Productivity and Cost Reduction Goals. Setting Employee related comfort, health and safety goals. Incentive income policy making.

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2014/11/industrial-engineering-strategy.html


Facilities Industrial Engineering

Facilities are used by processes. Facilities are common to processes. Taylor clearly mentioned in his "Piece Rates - Elementary Rate Fixing System" paper that he has to make modifications to all machines to increase productivity of his machine shop. Toyota even today carries out gradual improvements to the machines in the direction of autonomation. Machines are continuously improved. Period layout studies and readjustments are another example of facilities industrial engineering. 5S that demands upkeep of facilities is another example of facilities IE when it is implemented for the first time and proposed and initiated by the IE department. Thereafter it becomes the activity of operations management.

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/05/facilities-industrial-engineering.html



Process Industrial Engineering - Process Machine Effort Industrial Engineering - Process Human Effort Industrial Engineering. Product Industrial Engineering.

Process industrial engineering is the popular method of industrial engineering. But, the process chart method was promoted by Motion Study books. It will be if industrial engineers identify that process industrial engineering is a higher levels activity and machine work study and human work study, that is motion study are part of process studies.

Like processes, multiple products are produced using common facilities.

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2021/11/process-industrial-engineering-process.html

Product Industrial Engineering

Operation Industrial Engineering.

Process chart is a condensed version that show the entire process of producing a full product and the production of each part. The process chart is composed by symbols representing 5 operations. Operation - Inspection - Transport - Temporary Delay (WIP) - Permanent Storage (controlled store). Using process chart, the sequence of operations can be investigated and changed for more benefit. But each operation needs to be improved. It is termed simplification in process chart analysis. To do simplification information on each operation has to be collected in operation information sheets and they have to be analyzed in operation analysis sheets (Stegemerten and Maynard)

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2013/11/approach-to-operation-analysis-as-step.html


Element Level Analysis in Industrial Engineering

Elements are in Operations - We can understand the term "element" from the subject "Design of Machine Elements". Each engineering product has elements. Similarly each operation, that is part of a process has elements. Some are related to machines and tools used in the process. Some are related to human operators. Some are related to working conditions. Some are related to the work being done. Taylor first named the productivity department as "Elementary Rate Fixing Department." It has to improve each and every element in task and determine the output possible for unit time in the work element. The time allowed for that element for a piece or batch is determined through these elementary standard times or allowed times.


Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering


Productivity Science - Determinants of Productivity
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/10/productivity-science-determinants-of.html

Product Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html

Process Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-function-of-methods-efficiency.html

Industrial Engineering Optimization
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/operations-research-efficiency.html

Industrial Engineering Statistics
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/07/statistics-and-industrial-engineering.html

Industrial Engineering Economics
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/engineering-economics-is-efficiency.html

Human Effort Industrial Engineering
https://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/motion-study-human-effort-engineering.html

Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/05/industrial-engineering-data-and.html

Productivity Management
https://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2019/04/productivity-management-in-operations.html

Applied Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/05/applied-industrial-engineering-process.html

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Presently the following are given as techniques of industrial engineering (Industrial Engineering). 

 

 

Methods and Techniques of Industrial Engineering


Human Effort Engineering - Techniques

4. Application of Ergonomics and Biomechanics
5. Fatigue Studies
6. Productivity/Safety/Comfort Device Design
7. Standardization of Operator Methods
8. Operator training
9. Incentive Systems
10. Job Evaluation
11. Learning effect capture
12.  Work Measurement - Time Study, PMTS

Efficiency Improvement Techniques of Industrial engineering 

 
2. Operation Analysis
3. Machine Work Study
4. Method Study - Work Methods Design
7. Statistical quality control , Statistical Process Control, Process Improvement using Statistical data
8. Statistical inventory control and ABC Classification Based Inventory Sytems
9. Six sigma
10. Industrial Engineering Operations research
11. Variety reduction
12. Standardization
14. Activity based management
17. Learning effect capture and continuous improvement (Kaizen, Quality circles and suggestion schemes)
18. Standard costing and Kaizen Costing
19. 5S
20. SMED
21. Lean systems - JIT
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Principles of Machine Productivity - F.W. Taylor


1. A careful study is to made of the time required to do each of the many elementary operations of machining of components manufactured in the establishment.
2.These elementary operations are then classified, recorded, and indexed, and when work is to be done,  the job is first divided into its elementary operations, the time required to do each elementary operation is found from the records, and the total time for the job is summed up from these data.
3. This method is more effective than the method of estimating the time based on time taken to do whole jobs of similar components.
4. To implement the principles, in the case of work done by metal-cutting tools, such as lathes, planers, boring mills, etc., F.W. Taylor undertook a long and expensive series of experiments  to determine, formulate, and finally practically apply to each machine the law governing the proper cutting speed of tools, namely, the effect on the cutting speed of altering any one of the following variables : the shape of the tool (i.e., lip angle, clearance angle, and the line of the cutting edge), the duration of the cut, the quality or hardness of the metal being cut, the depth of the cut, and the thickness of the feed or shaving.
5. The careful study of the capabilities of the machines and the analysis of the speeds at which they must run is to be made.
6. Defects or shortcoming in machines will be realized when the best methods of cutting metals are determined and the necessary modifications have to be made, if possible. Otherwise, replacement needs to be done at the earliest economic opportunity.
7. Systematization of many small details in the running of the machine shop, such as the care of belting, the proper shape for cutting tools, and the dressing, grinding, and issuing tools, oiling machines, issuing orders for work,  and a host of other minor methods and processes which may waste a machinist's time or machine time.
8. The care of the equipment is to be improved.

Method to be used: Machine Work Study

Tools: Metal cutting formulas for various machining processes, Measuring tools for cutting forces, cutting temperatures

Principle of Fair Day's Work


Developing an estimate of  fair day's work makes planning, directing and control of the work of a person systematic.

Method
Work Measurement: Various tasks are to be measured for the time taken to complete them by an average skilled or trained worker.

Tool
Stop watch time study, MTM, Standard data methods


Principles of Motion Economy

List of Principles of Motion Economy

Method
Motion analysis

Tools
Videotaping of work




Principles of Industrial Engineering - Various Subjects


Principles of Machine Productivity - F.W. Taylor


1. A careful study is to made of the time required to do each of the many elementary operations of machining of components manufactured in the establishment.
2.These elementary operations are then classified, recorded, and indexed, and when work is to be done,  the job is first divided into its elementary operations, the time required to do each elementary operation is found from the records, and the total time for the job is summed up from these data.
3. This method is more effective than the method of estimating the time based on time taken to do whole jobs of similar components.
4. To implement the principles, in the case of work done by metal-cutting tools, such as lathes, planers, boring mills, etc., F.W. Taylor undertook a long and expensive series of experiments  to determine, formulate, and finally practically apply to each machine the law governing the proper cutting speed of tools, namely, the effect on the cutting speed of altering any one of the following variables : the shape of the tool (i.e., lip angle, clearance angle, and the line of the cutting edge), the duration of the cut, the quality or hardness of the metal being cut, the depth of the cut, and the thickness of the feed or shaving.
5. The careful study of the capabilities of the machines and the analysis of the speeds at which they must run is to be made.
6. Defects or shortcoming in machines will be realized when the best methods of cutting metals are determined and the necessary modifications have to be made, if possible. Otherwise, replacement needs to be done at the earliest economic opportunity.
7. Systematization of many small details in the running of the machine shop, such as the care of belting, the proper shape for cutting tools, and the dressing, grinding, and issuing tools, oiling machines, issuing orders for work,  and a host of other minor methods and processes which may waste a machinist's time or machine time.
8. The care of the equipment is to be improved.

Taylor's Principles of Scientific Management


Principles of Scientific Management - Taylor

These principles are expressed in terms of human effort engineering. The managers following scientific management thought do the following things.

First. They develop a science for each element of a man's work, which replaces the old rule-of.-thumb method.

Second. They scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas in the past he chose his own work and trained himself as best he could.

Third. They heartily cooperate with the men so as to insure all of the work being done in accordance with the principles of the science which has been developed.

Fourth. There is an almost equal division of the work and the responsibility between the management and the workmen. The management take over all work for which they are better fitted than the workmen, while in the past almost all of the work and the greater part of the responsibility were thrown upon the men.

First. The development of a true science (of work or operation or task).
Second. The scientific selection of the workman.  His scientific education and development.
Third. Intimate friendly cooperation between the management and the men.
Fourth: Both management and workmen have equal responsibility for effectiveness and efficiency of various tasks.

Harrington Emerson's Principles of Efficiency


1. Clearly defined ideals.
2. Common sense
3. Competent counsel
4. Discipline
5. The fair deal
6. Reliable, immediate and adequate records
7. Despatching
8. Standards and schedules
9. Standardized conditions
10. Standardized operations
11. Written standard-practice instructions
12. Efficiency-reward


Gilbreth's Principles of Motion Economy


        Principles of Motion Economy - Some More Details
        Principles of Motion Economy - YouTube Videos

Principle: There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials
Principle:  Layout must facilitate efficiency

Method: Motion Study,  5S

Tools: 5S audit


Principle: The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.

Method: Jig and Fixture design


ECRS Method


        Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify - ECRS Method - Barnes

Miles' Principles of Value Engineering


Avoid generalities
Get all available costs
Use information from the best source
Blast create and refine
Use real creativity
Identify and overcome roadblocks
Use industry experts to extend specialized knowledge
Get a dollar sign on key tolerances
Utilize vendors’ available functional products
Utilize and pay for vendors’ skills and knowledge
Utilize specialty processes
Utilize applicable standards
Use the criterion, “would I spend my money this way?”

Principles of Ergonomics


1. Work in neutral postures
2. Reduce excessive forces
3. Keep everything in easy reach
4. Work at proper heights
5. Reduce excessive motions
6. Minimize fatigue and static load
7. Minimize pressure points
8. Provide clearance
9. Move exercise and stretch
10. Maintain a comfortable environment

     Good explanation with illustrations is available in  
     http://www.danmacleod.com/ErgoForYou/10_principles_of_ergonomics.htm

Principle of Difference in Productivity
    In group of workers, there can be a difference of 100% between the least productive worker and the most productive worker.

Principles relating Wage differentials (incentives - efficiency reward)  and Motivation
    The productive workers have to be recognized and compensated through higher wages in the form of incentives for the extra production. Otherwise, they lose the motivation and produce only an amount equal to low productive workers.

Principles of Engineering Economics
    Every investment or expenditure proposal of an industrial engineer must contribute to profits or return on the investment or expenditure exceeding the cost of capital.

Principles of System Optimization
     There are mathematical methods that help industrial engineers to set system parameters that result in minimum costs or maximum profits with the given data (cost and return figures and alternative values for variables)

Principles Statistics
      The mass of data can be understood by converting it into probability distribution. Important conclusions can be made from the data by converting it into bar diagram, histogram and other graphical aids.

Principles of Mathematical Modeling
       System parameter design problems can be solved by first converting the system description into mathematical expressions and equations.


Principle of Cooperation

It should be stated here emphatically that there is nothing that can permanently bring about results from scientific management, and the economies that it is possible to effect by it, unless the organisation is supported by the hearty co-operation of the men. Without this there is no scientific management. - Gilbreth in Applied Motion Study, Book. Page No. 29-30


An Interesting Book published in 1921
What industrial engineering includes; for industrial executives; 101 things to do, 1001 results others secured
Author: Knoeppel, C.E., & co. (New York). Full book can be downloaded from Archive.Org


Functions of Industrial Engineering   25 July 2017

The Purpose, Philosophy, Principles and Methods of Industrial Engineering - Video Presentation by Prof. Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.

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Related Article

Basic Concepts, Principles and Methods of Industrial Engineering

Original Knol - http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/industrial-engineering-principles/ 2utb2lsm2k7a/ 2056 


Updated  31.8.2023,13.1.2023,  1.6.2022,  5.10.2021,  5 June 2021,  23 May 2020,  25 May 2019,  23 May 2017 (Detailed principles of engineering added) 15 June 2016
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Tuesday, August 29, 2023

Anil Mital - Industrial Engineering Papers on Academia.Edu

 


https://independent.academia.edu/AnilMital

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Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering - Online Course Notes - Modules

 

Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering


Focus Area                  -       Notes

Productivity Science   -   Productivity Science

Industrial Engineering Strategy 

Facilities Industrial Engineering 

Product Industrial Engineering   -   Product Industrial Engineering, 

Process Industrial Engineering  -  Process Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Optimization - IEOR

Industrial Engineering Statistics - IE Statistics - Six Sigma Optimization

Industrial Engineering Economics - IE Economic Analysis

Human Effort Industrial Engineering - Human Effort Industrial Engineering

Productivity Measurement - IE Measurements

Productivity Management - Productivity Management

Data Processing and Information Systems for Industrial Engineering - 

Applied Industrial Engineering  -  Applied Industrial Engineering 

I am a happy. Prof. Beth Cudney, Ph.D, Professor of Data Analytics, Maryville University liked my comment. 
"Industrial engineering inputs to the product development process are important. Product industrial engineering makes significant contribution to product development."
on the post: 






Course Modules for Each Focus Area



Objectives of Basic Engineering and Industrial Engineering


Engineering has two aims: 
To develop effective products and processes that satisfy customers. 
To develop efficient products and processes that give profits and satisfaction to the producers (both managers-capitalists and employees). 
Industrial engineering is focused on efficiency while the functional engineers are focused on effectiveness. 
Both engineering streams have big data bases of knowledge, information and data that are to be used to do the design and execution work successfully to the satisfaction of customers.



Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering - Brief Explanation


Productivity Science: Science developed for each element of machine operation and each element of human tasks in industry.
Productivity Science - Determinants of Productivity

Industrial Engineering Strategy: 
Industrial engineering is profit engineering. If a company is not employing industrial engineering, it is unnecessarily foregoing profits inherent in the products that it developed and designed to the performance satisfaction of good number of users. Profit conscious managers and owners have to understand and employ industrial engineering to achieve the full profit potential of their products. Certain strategic decisions related to industrial engineering function are to be taken by top management of the organization as part of strategic plan of the organization. Certain strategic decisions are to be taken by the Chief Industrial Engineer. These decisions are part of the focus area of industrial engineering strategy.

Facilities Industrial Engineering:
The processes of different products and its components are performed using the facilities of the organization. In designing various facilities of industrial buildings and different facilities within the building, industrial engineering has a role to play. In selection of the equipment used by multiple processes industrial engineering has a role to play. Improvement of machines to increase productivity was done by F.W. Taylor, founder of industrial engineering. Maintenance of various equipment and its overhaul can also be examined by industrial engineers as part of facilities industrial engineering. Layout of the equipment and various production departments decide the amount of material handling and transport within the facility. Layout improvement is an important task of industrial engineering.  Hence facilities level industrial engineering  or facilities industrial engineering is to be identified as an important area in industrial engineering.

Product Industrial Engineering: Redesign of products to reduce cost and increase value keeping the quality intact.
Product Industrial Engineering


Process Industrial Engineering: Redesign of processes to reduce cost and increase value keeping the quality intact.
Process Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Optimization: Optimizing industrial engineering solutions created in Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering.
Operations Research - An Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers

Industrial Engineering Statistics: Using statistical tools like data description, sampling and design of experiments in industrial engineering activity.
Statistics and Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Economics: Economic analysis of industrial engineering projects.
Engineering Economics is an Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers


Human Effort Industrial Engineering: Redesign of products and processes to increase satisfaction and reduce discomfort and other negative consequence to operators.
Motion Study - Human Effort Industrial Engineering

Productivity Measurement: Various measurements done by industrial engineers in industrial setting to collect data, analyze data and use the insights in redesign: Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering.
Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements

Productivity Management: Management undertaken by industrial engineers to implement Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering. Management processes industrial engineering is also part of productivity management.
Productivity Management

Applied Industrial Engineering: Application of industrial engineering in new technologies, existing technologies, engineering business and industrial processes and other areas.



Industrial Engineering Free Online Course Notes for Each Focus Area

Modules  of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course


Modules

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Functions of Industrial Engineering - Online Course Notes

 "Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering" - Paper Published in NITIE Journal dated Oct-Dec 2016. The journal was printed in June 2018.



Functions of Industrial Engineering







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The functions of management are currently given as Planning, Organizing, Resourcing, Executing and Control.

What are functions of Industrial Engineering (IE)?


Industrial engineering has the following functions:

Research in Industrial Engineering
Productivity Science
Productivity Engineering
Productivity Management
Communication, Training and Implementation
Productivity Measurement
Review



Research in Industrial Engineering


Industrial engineering has emerged out of shop management and scientific management developed and promoted by F.W. Taylor. Development of science related to production systems or work systems consisting of machines and men is the foundation for this subject. Hence research is an important function of industrial engineering. Industrial engineers are to be taught scientific research method and process so that they can understand the research papers published by IE researchers and also undertake research related to local applications.


Productivity Science


Research propositions and the tests of research propositions are to be consolidated into scientific theories related to various issues of interest in the field of industrial engineering.

Productivity Science Module of Industrial Engineering  https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2021/05/productivity-science-module-lessons.html


Some Lessons

Productivity Science of Machining - Taylor to Current Times

Productivity science of human effort - Development of Science in Mechanic Arts - F.W. Taylor

Productivity Science of Human Effort - F.W. Gilbreth


Productivity Engineering


Redesign of engineering processes to make them more productive is productivity engineering. The two important outputs of engineering processes are products or services and processes to produce those goods and services. Redesign of human actions also is part of productivity engineering. Productivity engineering is driven forward by productivity science. Improvement iterations take place within productivity engineering itself due to inventions taking place.

F.W. Taylor who is the father of productivity engineering of processes and L.D. Miles, father of productivity engineering of products strongly stated that productivity engineering has to maintain the effectiveness or quality of the basic engineering product or process designed by the design engineering team. Industrial engineering as theory and practice does not in any reduce the effectiveness or quality of the systems they are redesigning.

Product Industrial Engineering Module of Industrial Engineering Online Course Notes. 
Continuous Improvement of Product Design.

Process Industrial Engineering Module of Industrial Engineering Online Course Notes



Productivity Management


Productivity management consists of activities of industrial engineers in the field of management. These activities have two objectives. One objective is to assess various management policies, programs and processes for the impact on productivity of engineering processes. Where they do not have desirable effects, industrial engineers have to propose redesign of them.

The second objective is the management of productivity in organizations. Industrial engineers are responsibility for managing the productivity. They have to plan for productivity improvement, organize for it, acquire resources for it, executive productivity improvement projects and activities and control them to achieve the planned goals.

Productivity science gives impetus for developing management methods that increase productivity. Thus productivity science is an input to productivity engineering and productivity management.


Productivity Management Module of Industrial Engineering Online Course Notes




Communication, Training and Implementation


Industrial engineering is carried out as staff activity. The redesigns of the IE projects are to be communicated to various persons in the organization to establish its feasibility and also get them approved by competent authorities for funding. Then, industrial engineers have to train various persons in the new methods. Even though, they are a staff function, they have to be part of implementation teams and their work is not over till implementation is done.

Productivity Measurement


Measurement of productivity is an important function. After productivity improvement projects are implemented, measurements have to validate the improvement. Also past measurements or new measurements become the basis for planning productivity improvement programs.

Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements

Review


Based on the productivity measurements, a review of situation is to be made to take decisions regarding future efforts in the area of productivity. The results of review become the sources for further research, productivity engineering and productivity management activities.

Engineering Process - Review, Analysis and Improvement for Productivity

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Industrial Engineering Quotes - Quotations

 

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING  Pdf File.  FREE DOWNLOAD.

by Narayana Rao Kvss.

https://www.academia.edu/103626052/INTRODUCTION_TO_MODERN_INDUSTRIAL_ENGINEERING_Version_3_0


Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering.


Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering. The primary focus of basic system design or first time system design is effectiveness. Then efficiency is evaluated and further improved.


Industrial engineering focuses on cost reduction through productivity improvement.


Industrial engineering maintains quality of the product in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and designs human comfort in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and designs safety in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and incorporates occupational health in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates fatigues and designs work and job to eliminate or minimize fatigue in its productivity improvement redesigns. In addition it provides rest breaks and allowances at mitigation.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates working conditions and provides appropriate designs  in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial update their engineering knowledge related to processes under their engineering direction on a continuous (daily basis).









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Monday, August 28, 2023

Chewing Gum Production Process - Industrial Engineering - Technology Development - Productivity Improvement

 


Gum Production Process

https://www.gumassociation.org/index.cfm/science-technology/manufacturing-process/


Chewing Gum Manufacturing Equipment

https://www.saintyco.com/chewing-gum-making-machine/

https://www.saintyco.com/gum-packaging-machine/

https://www.saintyco.com/gum-making-machine/


https://making.com/chewing-gum





Company News

Perfetti Van Melle - Automation Packaging

The latest technology yields sweet innovations

To keep up with the latest trends, the Italian confectionary manufacturer Perfetti Van Melle needs to be innovative in terms of both its products and its production methods. That’s why the company decided on a collaboration with automation experts from Marchiani and an Industrial Edge solution from Siemens.

https://www.siemens.com/global/en/company/stories/industry/factory-automation/industrialautomation-foodandbeverage-perfettivanmelle.html


Patents


https://www.google.com/patents/sitemap/en/Sitemap/A23/A23G/A23G_4.html

3/6/2015 backwards

Patents for A23G 4 - Chewing gum (7,614)

https://www.google.com/patents/sitemap/en/Sitemap/A23/A23G/A23G_4_53.html


Process for preparation of chewing gum

Abstract

A single step process for preparation of chewing gum is disclosed wherein all materials comprising gum base materials including natural resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyisobutylene, ester gum, emulsifier, filler and others on one hand, as well as chewing gum additives including sucrose, glucose, starch hydrolysate, artificial sweetener, flavor, colorant and others on the other hand were charged into a single apparatus and kneaded simultaneously in a single step.

As the kneading apparatus, and intensive mixer, a Banbury mixer or a pressure type kneader may be employed.


1982-05-11 Publication of US4329369A

2000-07-17 Anticipated expiration

Status Expired - Lifetime


https://patents.google.com/patent/US4329369A/en


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Cited By (46)

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EP0102081A2 * 1982-08-30 1984-03-07 NABISCO BRANDS, Inc. Reduced-shrink bubble gum and method for preparing same

US4459311A * 1983-01-03 1984-07-10 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Process for preparing gum base

FR2547990A1 * 1983-06-29 1985-01-04 Nabisco Brands Inc UNIQUE ACCOUNTING AGENTS FOR ELASTOMERIC-RESIN COMBINATION FOR CHEWING GUM BASES

US4816265A * 1986-12-23 1989-03-28 Warner-Lambert Company Sweetener delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US4842870A * 1987-12-22 1989-06-27 Warner-Lambert Company Anhydrous, non-staling chewing gum composition

US4882172A * 1988-04-08 1989-11-21 Nabisco Brands, Inc. System for processing chewing gum

US4931293A * 1986-12-23 1990-06-05 Warner-Lambert Company Food acid delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US4933190A * 1986-12-23 1990-06-12 Warner-Lambert Co. Multiple encapsulated sweetener delivery system

US4940594A * 1988-04-08 1990-07-10 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Method for processing chewing gum

US4968511A * 1989-03-10 1990-11-06 Amelia Ronald P D Composition and process for one-step chewing gum

US5000965A * 1990-02-21 1991-03-19 Warner-Lambert Company Method for the preparation of sweetening agent delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US5971739A * 1996-12-31 1999-10-26 Hoffman; Earl Roger Gum processing and packaging system

WO2002076229A1 * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Gumlink A/S One-step process for preparing chewing gum

US6558727B2 * 2001-01-19 2003-05-06 Warner-Lambert Company High precision multiple-extrusion of confectionary products

US6623266B2 2001-01-19 2003-09-23 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Apparatus for making a center-filled gum lollipop with hard candy shell

US20040142066A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-07-22 Lone Andersen Biodegradable chewing gum and method of manufacturing such chewing gum

US20040146599A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-07-29 Lone Andersen Coated degradable chewing gum with improved shelf life and process for preparing same

US20040156949A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-08-12 Lone Andersen Degradable elastomers for chewing gum base

US20040180111A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-09-16 Lone Andersen Degradable resin substitute for chewing gum

US20050220934A1 * 2002-07-15 2005-10-06 Leadbeater John M Tabletted chewing gum sweet

US20050238759A1 * 2004-04-27 2005-10-27 Yoon Jeong M Gum base composition and process for preparing gum using the same

US20050244538A1 * 2002-09-24 2005-11-03 Lone Andersen Chewing gum comprising at least two different biodegradable polymers

US20060039872A1 * 2004-08-06 2006-02-23 Gumlink A/S Layered chewing gum tablet

US20060051455A1 * 2003-02-04 2006-03-09 Lone Andersen Compressed chewing gum tablet

US20060099300A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-05-11 Lone Andersen Chewing gum having improved release of chewing gum ingredients

US20060121156A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-06-08 Lone Andersen Degradable chewing gum polymer

US20060147580A1 * 2003-02-04 2006-07-06 Vibeke Nissen Compressed chewing gum tablet

US20060165842A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-07-27 Lone Andersen Biodegradable chewing gum comprising at least one high molecular weight biodegradable polymer

US20060246174A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-11-02 Lone Andersen Gum base

US20060257524A1 * 2003-05-06 2006-11-16 Gumlink A/S Method for producing chewing gum granules, a gum compositon extruder and granulating system, and a chewing gum products

US20070141200A1 * 2003-05-06 2007-06-21 Gumlink A/S Method for producing chewing gum granules and compressed gum products, and a chewing gum granulating system

US20070237729A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa, Llc. Impact of calcium phosphate complex on dental caries

US20070237855A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Calcium phosphate complex in acid containing confectionery

US20070237725A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc. Calcium phosphate complex and salts in oral delivery systems

US20070264388A1 * 2003-12-30 2007-11-15 Helle Wittorff Compressed Biodegradable Chewing Gum

US20080014302A1 * 2004-08-25 2008-01-17 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Multi-region chewing gum composition including isomalt gum region

US20080107770A1 * 2004-12-22 2008-05-08 Helle Wittorff Non-Tack Chewing Gum

US20080260900A1 * 2004-12-22 2008-10-23 Gumlink A/S Degradable Polymer for Chewing Gum

US20080299249A1 * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Center-fill gum compositions incorporating triacetin

US20090029019A1 * 2007-07-27 2009-01-29 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Method and apparatus for processing multiple confectionery ropes

US20090169677A1 * 2006-06-16 2009-07-02 Helle Wittorff Chewing Gum Comprising a Hydrophobic Enzyme Formulation

US20100313719A1 * 2006-06-29 2010-12-16 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc chain cutter for continuously forming center-filled gum pieces

US20150099033A1 * 2012-04-10 2015-04-09 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim/Ochsenfurt Process for shortening the conditiong time of a composition of a chewing gum core in a chewing gum preparation process

Family To Family Citations

US4357355A * 1981-06-03 1982-11-02 Warner-Lambert Company Non-stick bubble gum base composition

US4834986A * 1987-10-22 1989-05-30 Warner-Lambert Company Consistently soft-chew textured gum composition

KR101798477B1 * 2015-09-24 2017-12-12 롯데제과 주식회사 Center-filled chewing gum compositions without a leak of syrup

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