Productivity Science - Determinants of Productivity

Productivity Science is a principle of Industrial Engineering

Develop a science for each element of a man - machine system's work related to efficiency and productivity.

The productivity science developed is the foundation for industrial engineering in productivity engineering and productivity management phases.

Productivity Science - Principle of Industrial Engineering

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/06/productivity-science-principle-of.html

“Productivity science is scientific effort, that in any specific work situation, identifies the appropriate philosophy, culture, systems, processes, technology, methods and human physical action and behavior and elements of each of them of that will maximize positive (social, environmental and economic) outcomes relative to the resources consumed.” - Narayana Rao (IISE 2020 Annual Conference Proceedings)

Determinants of Productivity

Determinants of Productivity of Machines

IE Research by Taylor Part 1 - Productivity of Machining

Machining Science - Machining Productivity Science  

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/07/machining-science-machining.html

Determinants of Human Effort Productivity - Frank B. Gilbreth

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2015/08/motion-study-frank-b-gilbreth-part-1.html

Determinants of Productivity - The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/06/determinants-of-productivity-wealth-of.html

Capital Stock

Mustafa Nedium SUALP and Cemil Faruk DURMAZ, "The Relationship between Knowledge Capital, Spillover Effects and Labor Productivity",

Capital Productivity - McKinsey

https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Business%20Functions/Operations/Our%20Insights/Capital%20productivity/MGI_Capital_productivity_Report.pdf

Open Access

THE ROLE OF CAPITAL AND PRODUCTIVITY IN ACCOUNTING FOR INCOME DIFFERENCES SINCE 1913

Daniel Gallardo-Albarrán,Robert Inklaar

Journal of Economic Surveys, Volume35, Issue3, July 2021, Pages 952-974 

First published: 05 June 2020 https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12374Citations: 2

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joes.12374

According to Solow model of growth, output per capita (labor productivity, y = Y/L) is proportion to per capita capital stock (k = K/L).

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/solow-growth-model/

Capital Stock of High Productivity

Productivity Improvement Through Smart Machines

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/07/productivity-improvement-through-smart.html

Empowerment and Productivity

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/11/empowerment-and-productivity.html

Employee Emotions

Through her research, Sigal Barsade, the Joseph Frank Bernstein Professor of Management at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School has found that emotions influence not just employee wellness and engagement, but also business outcomes such as productivity and profitability. The findings, she says, have implications for startups and larger organizations alike and are relevant to everyone, from the senior management team to front-line workers.
https://sloanreview-mit-edu.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/sloanreview.mit.edu/article/employee-emotions-arent-noise-theyre-data/amp

Fluid Intelligence  

Fluid Intelligence - Productivity
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/03/fluid-intelligence-productivity.html

A Theory of Intelligence and Total Factor Productivity: Value Added Reflects the Fruits of Fluid Intelligence
Taiji Harashima
Kanazawa Seiryo University
7 December 2012

Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/43151/

Groups

Groups influence the productivity of employees.

Donnely, Jr., James H., Gibson, James L., and Ivancevich, John M. Fundamentals of Management: Functions, Behavior, Models, Business Publications, Dallas, Third Ed., 1978,  p. 243.

The reference is quoted in the book, Organizational Behvaior by Fred Luthans.

Group Cohesiveness

Group cohesiveness influences productivity.

The point is indicated in the book, Organizational Behavior by Fred Luthans.

"An Experimental Study of Cohesiveness and Productivity"

Stanley Schacter, Norris Ellertson, Dorothy McBride and Doris Gregory
Human Relations 4(3):229-238 · August 1951
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232555886_An_Experimental_Study_of_Cohesiveness_and_Productivity

"Group Productivity, Drive and Cohesiveness"

Ralph M. Stodgill,
Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
Volume 8, Issue 1, August 1972, Pages 26-43

"Group Cohesiveness and Productivity: A Closer Look"

Peter E. Mudrack,
Human Relations
Volume: 42 issue: 9, September 1, 1989 page(s): 771-785
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001872678904200902

"Team Cohesion and Individual Productivity: The Influence of the Norm for Productivity and the Identifiability of Individual Effort"

Kimberley L. Gammage, Albert V. Carron, Paul A. Estabrooks
Small Group Research, Volume: 32 issue: 1, February 2001,  page(s): 3-18
http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/sgrd/32/1

Industrial Engineering

The amount or effort spent in industrial engineering is proportional to productivity.

Knowledge Capital

Mustafa Nedium SUALP and Cemil Faruk DURMAZ, "The Relationship between Knowledge Capital, Spillover Effects and Labor Productivity",  Marmara Universitesi iktisadi ve idari

Learning

Learning by doing - Possible only if demand is there to support growth in output.  Veedorn - Labour Productivity related relation

D.P. Priyadarshi Joshi and Susanta Kumar Sethy "Manufacturing Productivity Growth in India: Revisiting Veedorn's Law", Productivity, Vol. 58, No. 1, Aprl - June 2017, pp. 39 - 52.

Productivity Engineering

Productivity Management

Productivity Management

R&D Expenditure

Mustafa Nedium SUALP and Cemil Faruk DURMAZ, "The Relationship between Knowledge Capital, Spillover Effects and Labor Productivity",

Scale

Increasing returns to scale

D.P. Priyadarshi Joshi and Susanta Kumar Sethy "Manufacturing Productivity Growth in India: Revisiting Veedorn's Law", Productivity, Vol. 58, No. 1, Aprl - June 2017, pp. 39 - 52.

Sourcing Strategies

Sourcing strategies and productivity: Evidence for Spanish manufacturing firms
José CarlosFariñasa, AlbertoLópeza, AnaMartín-Marcos
BRQ Business Research Quarterly
Volume 19, Issue 2, April–June 2016, Pages 90-106
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943615000833

Spillovers

Mustafa Nedium SUALP and Cemil Faruk DURMAZ, "The Relationship between Knowledge Capital, Spillover Effects and Labor Productivity",

Technology Transfer

Mustafa Nedium SUALP and Cemil Faruk DURMAZ, "The Relationship between Knowledge Capital, Spillover Effects and Labor Productivity",

Type of Organization

Corporate Sector, Cooperative sector, Partnership, Proprietory

D.P. Priyadarshi Joshi and Susanta Kumar Sethy "Manufacturing Productivity Growth in India: Revisiting Veedorn's Law", Productivity, Vol. 58, No. 1, Aprl - June 2017, pp. 39 - 52.

Urbanization

"When urbanization rates in districts or in states cross the threshold of about 35 percent, we start seeing productivity benefits kick in. You see higher GDP per capita because the dense cities and urban centers will have better connections with the rest of the world and with  markets. Citizens have better access to education, health, and so on and this will also help in improving productivity."
As you get to that 35 percent, the actual per capita GDP in that particular district more than doubles.

http://guide-india.blogspot.com/2016/10/indias-growth-mckinseys-predictions-and.html

Quotation from
India’s economy: Why the time for growth is now
McKinsey Global Institute September 2016
http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/india/indias-economy-why-the-time-for-growth-is-now

30 Factors that Affect Productivity - Prof Mali

Given by Prof Paul Mali in the year 1978 in the book,  Improving Total Productivity, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Fourth Level Factors (Affect most directly): 

Effectiveness (Focus on customer requirements), 

Efficiency (Focus on planned resource consumption)

Third Level Factors:  

Skills, Motivation, Methods, Cost (measurement, may include time and productivity measurements also).

Second Level Factors: 

Leadership, Experience, Climate, Incentives, Schedules, Organizational structure, Technology and Materials.

First Level Factors (Affect least directly): 

Abilities, Style, Training, Knowledge, Physical conditions, Unions, Social awareness, Aspiration levels, Processes, Job design, Goals, Policies, R & D, Plant and Equipment, Standards, and Quality.




New

2019 Research

4 Day Week boosts productivity at Microsoft
https://www.businessinsider.fr/us/microsoft-4-day-work-week-boosts-productivity-2019-11

Updated  25.6.2022

30 November 2020, 10 November 2019,   13 May 2019,  2018, 24 May 2018,    22 March 2018,

12 November 2017, 26 October 2017