Lesson 354 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.
Lesson of Productivity Management Module.
Industrial Engineering - Its Role in Productivity Improvement
Chapter of Productivity Management in Engineering Organizations - Online Book
Industrial engineers have to continuously improve facilities, products and processes. They maintain all dimensions of effectiveness while increasing efficiency.
Two important components of industrial engineering are System Efficiency Engineering and Human Effort Engineering.
We can say System Industrial Engineering and Human Effort Industrial Engineering.
Even though human effort is a part of system, it is specially highlighted as human comfort, health, safety and satisfaction are special concern of industrial engineers apart from productivity subject to quality/specification/customer satisfaction maintenance.
Industrial engineering is focused on productivity improvement. F.W. Taylor created the first system for productivity improvement based on improvement of elementary tasks in engineering processes, that is production of parts and complete products. Productivity improvement based on engineering improvements is backed or supported by human effort redesign, training and incentive plans.
Industrial engineering department contributes value in industrial or engineering organizations primarily through contributing to productivity improvement year after year in engineering activities, facilities and processes, and operations.
Is Efficiency a More Wider Term?
While productivity is defined as output/input, Chester Barnard explains that dissatisfaction of employees is part of inefficiency. Effectiveness is customer satisfaction and efficiency included employee satisfaction and even supplier satisfaction or more generally stakeholder satisfaction. So efficiency is a broader concept than productivity.
Industrial Engineering Definitions
Going
Industrial engineering directs the efficient conduct of manufacturing, construction, transportation, or even commercial enterprises of any undertaking, indeed in which human labor is directed to accomplishing any kind of work . Industrial engineering has drawn upon mechanical engineering, upon economics, sociology, psychology, philosophy, accountancy, to fuse from these older sciences a distinct body of science of its own . It is the inclusion of the economic and the human elements especially that differentiates industrial engineering from the older established branches of the profession (Going, 1911) [1].
Maynard
“Industrial engineering is the engineering approach applied to all factors, including the human factor, involved in the production and distribution of products or services.” (Maynard, 1953) [2]
Lehrer
“Industrial engineering is the design of situations for the useful coordination of men, materials and machines in order to achieve desired results in an optimum manner. The unique characteristics of Industrial Engineering center about the consideration of the human factor as it is related to the technical aspects of a situation, and the integration of all factors that influence the overall situation.” (Lehrer, 1954) [3]
AIIE
“Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of men, materials, and equipment. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems.” (AIIE, 1955). [4]
Nadler
"Industrial engineering may be defined as the art of utilizing scientific principles, psychological data, and physiological information for designing, improving, and integrating industrial, management, and human operating procedures." (Nadler, 1955) [5]
Lyndal Urwick
“Industrial engineering is that branch of engineering knowledge and practice which
1. Analyzes, measures, and improves the method of performing the tasks assigned to individuals,
2. Designs and installs better systems of integrating tasks assigned to a group,
3. Specifies, predicts, and evaluates the results obtained.
It does so by applying to materials, equipment and work specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical and physical sciences and the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design. Since, however, work has to be carried out by people; engineering knowledge needs to be supplemented by knowledge derived from the biological and social sciences.” (Lyndall Urwick, 1963) [6]
AIIE (Revised)
"Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design, to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems." [7]
Sawada
"Industrial engineering is an art for creating the most efficient system composed of people, matters, energy, and information, by which a specific goal in industrial, economic, or social activities will be achieved within predetermined probabilities and accuracy. The system may be for a small single work station, a group, a section, a department, an institution or for a whole business enterprise. It may be also be of a regional, national, international, or inter-planetary scope."(Sawada, 1977) [8]
Narayana Rao
“Industrial Engineering is Human Effort Engineering. It is an engineering discipline that deals with the design of human effort in all occupations: agricultural, manufacturing and service. The objectives of Industrial Engineering are optimization of productivity of work-systems and occupational comfort, health, safety and income of persons involved.” (Narayana Rao, 2006) [9]
Narayana Rao (2009)
"Industrial Engineering is Human Effort Engineering and System Efficiency Engineering. It is an engineering discipline that deals with the design of human effort and system efficiency in all occupations: agricultural, manufacturing and service. The objectives of Industrial Engineering are optimization of productivity of work-systems and occupational comfort, health, safety and income of persons involved."(Narayana Rao, 2009) [10]
Yamashina
Total Industrial Engineering is "a system of methods where the performance of labor is maximized by reducing Muri (unnatural operation), Mura (irregular operation) and Muda (non-value added operation), and then separating labor from machinery through the use of sensor techniques." (Yamashina)
"Industrial Engineering is Human Effort Engineering and System Efficiency Engineering. It is an engineering-based management staff-service discipline that deals with the design of human effort and system efficiency in all occupations: agricultural, manufacturing and service. The objectives of Industrial Engineering are optimization of productivity of work-systems and occupational comfort, health, safety and income of persons involved."(Narayana Rao, 2011) [11]
References1. Going, Charles Buxton, Principles of Industrial Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1911, Pages 1,2,3
2. Maynard, H.B., “Industrial Engineering”, Encyclopedia Americana, Americana Corporation, Vol. 15, 1953
3. Lehrer, Robert N., “The Nature of Industrial Engineering,” The Journal of Industrial Engineering, vol.5, No.1, January 1954, Page 4
4. Maynard, H.B., Handbook of Industrial Engineering, 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1963.
5. Nadler, Gerald, Motion and Time Study", McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1955
6. Urwick, Lyndall, F., “Development of Industrial Engineering”, Chapter 1 in Handbook of Industrial Engineering, H.B. Maynard (Ed.), 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1963.
8. Sawada, P.N., "A Concept of Industrial Engineering," International Journal of Production Research, Vol 15, No. 6, 1977, Pp. 511-22.
9. Narayana Rao, K.V.S.S., “Definition of Industrial Engineering: Suggested Modification.” Udyog Pragati, October-December 2006, Pp. 1-4.
10. Narayana Rao K.V.S.S., Industrial Engineering
11. Industrial Engineering Definitions - 1911 to 2009
11. Industrial Engineering Definitions - 1911 to 2009
Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
Productivity Science - Determinants of Productivity
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/10/productivity-science-determinants-of.html
Product Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html
Process Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2013/11/the-function-of-methods-efficiency.html
Industrial Engineering Optimization
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/operations-research-efficiency.html
Industrial Engineering Statistics
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/07/statistics-and-industrial-engineering.html
Industrial Engineering Economics
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/engineering-economics-is-efficiency.html
Human Effort Industrial Engineering
https://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/motion-study-human-effort-engineering.html
Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/05/industrial-engineering-data-and.html
Productivity Management
https://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2019/04/productivity-management-in-operations.html
Applied Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/05/applied-industrial-engineering-process.html
Industrial Engineering (IE) for Productivity - A Poem
Finding ways to increase efficiency the activity
Enhancing engineering with cost analysis using creativity
Increasing profits for the company and prosperity for the society
Many principles and methods are in its kitty
Motion economy gives clarity
Motion study examines applicability
Ergonomics provides safety
Fatigue study reduces irritability
Job evaluation provides salary acceptability
Incentives help productivity
Learning curve concept provides all connectivity
Process IE for increasing rapidity
Product IE for redesign feasibility
IEOR for engineering optimality
Engineering economy for investing profitability
Layout study reduces transport futility
Setup reduction promotes lean adaptability
Statistical study reduces variability
IE tool kit thus enhances productivity
(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.
(Professor NITIE)
9.45 pm 17 April 2020, Pacific Daylight Time
______________________________________________________________________
(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.
2019
12 October 2019
Updated 15.6.2022, 2 March 2022
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