Industrial Engineering Knowledge Center

Systems Engineering Fundamentals - Book Information and Review .

Systems Engineering and Management - Smith and Rowland

Systems Efficiency Engineering - A Focus Area of Industrial Engineeering

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/11/design-of-work-systems-machine-methods.html

Work Systems Design: Does it include design of machine work? Or is its focus only human work?

Related papers, articles and web pages

1. An integrated manufacturing systems design environment

Computers and Industrial Engineering
Volume 33 , Issue 3-4 (December 1997) , Pages: 341 - 344

2. A manufacturing system design framework for computer aided industrial engineering

Authors: Maurice Bonney; Michael Head; Svetan Ratchev; Idir Moualek

Published in: International Journal of Production Research, Volume 38, Issue 17 November 2000 , pages 4317 - 4327.

Abstract

This paper describes a framework that formalizes within a concurrent engineering approach the key steps in the process of manufacturing systems design. Many of the functions performed by industrial engineers, ergonomists and process planners are included in the framework and may be used iteratively as design detail is progressively added. The paper describes the framework and prototype software, indicates how the framework is evaluated and illustrates how a workplace may be designed. The emphasis of the work is the design of human centred manual assembly systems. The overall objective of the work is to improve the process of manufacturing systems design.

3. MIT Courseware

ESD.36J / 1.432J System and Project Management

Fall 2003

Course Description

The course is designed for students in the System Design and Management (SDM) program and therefore assumes that you already have a basic knowledge of project management. The objective is to introduce advanced methods and tools of project management in a realistic context such that they can be taken back to the workplace to improve management of development projects. In contrast to traditional courses on the subject we will emphasize scenarios that cannot be fully predicted such as task iterations, unplanned rework, perceived versus actual progress and misalignments between tasks, product architectures and organizations.

http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Engineering-Systems-Division/ESD-36JFall-2003/CourseHome/index.htm

Original Knol - Knol number 1187

Ud. 3.12.2024

Pub. 12.4.2012

Monday, September 9, 2024

Systems Engineering in Industrial and Systems Engineering (ISE)

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

SECOND EDITION

Alexander Kossiakoff

William N. Sweet

Samuel J. Seymour

Steven M. Biemer

The following characteristics are commonly found in successful systems engineers.

They

1. enjoy learning new things and solving problems,

2. like challenges,

3. are skeptical of unproven assertions,

4. are open - minded to new ideas,

5. have a solid background in science and engineering,

6. have demonstrated technical achievement in a specialty area,

7. are knowledgeable in several engineering areas,

8. pick up new ideas and information quickly, and

9. have good interpersonal and communication skills.

Industrial engineering is concerned with design, installation and improvement of systems having machines, men, material, energy and information to produce goods and service. Its special focus is on specifying, evaluating and improving results expected from these systems.

Therefore industrial engineering focuses on results expected from engineering systems at the design stage, installation stage and operation stage.

Both industrial engineering and system engineering need knowledge, achievement and expertise in multiple engineering areas.

Ch. 2. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING LANDSCAPE

The essence of the systems engineering viewpoint is making the central objective the system as a whole and the success of its mission. This, in turn, means the subordination of individual goals and attributes in favor of those of the overall system. The systems engineer is always the advocate of the total system in any contest with a subordinate objective.

A Balanced System

One of the dictionary definitions of the word “ balance ” that is especially appropriate to system design is “ a harmonious or satisfying arrangement or proportion of parts or elements, as in a design or a composition. ” An essential function of systems engineering is to bring about a balance among the various components of the system, which, it was noted earlier, are designed by engineering specialists, each with expertise on optimizing the characteristics of a particular component.

A broader and robust perspective to systems approaches to solve very extensive complex engineering problems by integrating engineering, management, and social science approaches using advanced modeling methodologies is termed “ engineering systems. ” The intent is to tackle some of society ’ s grandest challenges with significant global impact by investigating ways in which engineering systems behave and interact with one another including social, economic, and environmental factors. This approach encompasses engineering, social science, and management processes without the implied rigidity of systems engineering. Hence, applications to critical infrastructure, health care, energy, environment, information security, and other global issues are likely areas of attention.

This "engineering systems" is appropriate for systems with which industrial engineering is concerned. These systems include customers, suppliers and operators.

Systems Engineering Viewpoint

The systems engineering viewpoint is focused on producing a successful system that meets requirements and development objectives, is successful in its operation in the field, and achieves its desired operating life. In order to achieve this definition of success, the systems engineer must balance superior performance with affordability and schedule constraints. In fact, many aspects of systems engineering involve achieving a balance among conflicting objectives. For example, the systems engineering typically must apply new technology to the development of a new system while managing the inherent risks that new technology poses.

Throughout the development period, the systems engineer focuses his or her perspective on the total system, making decisions based on the impacts and capabilities of the system as a whole. Often, this is accomplished by bridging multiple disciplines and components to ensure a total solution. Specialized design is one dimensional in that it has great technical depth, but little technical breadth and little management expertise. Planning and control is two dimensional: it has great management expertise, but moderate technical breadth and small technical depth. But systems engineering is three dimensional: it has great technical breadth, as well as moderate technical depth and management expertise.

Thursday, September 21, 2023

Systems Engineering and Management - Smith and Rowland

New.

Popular E-Book on IE,

Introduction to Modern Industrial Engineering. #FREE #Download.

In 0.1% on Academia.edu. 3600+ Downloads so far.

https://academia.edu/103626052/INTRODUCTION_TO_MODERN_INDUSTRIAL_ENGINEERING_Version_3_0

Book Information, Review and Summary
It has to be appreciated that the design of a large physical system is a massive undertaking. The problem is undoubtedly beyond the capabilities of any one engineer and will require for its solution the skills and capabilities of many different people drawn from many different fields.

Book

Systems Engineering and Management

Authors

David B. Smith and George Rowland

Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Ltd.

Reading, Massachusetts.

1974

153 pages

Chapter 1 General System Concepts

Chapter 2 The Chronological View of Systems Engineering

Chapter 3 The Process of Systems Engineering

Chapter 4 Human Factors Aspects of Systems Development

Chapter 5 Systems Management

Epilogue

References

General Systems Concepts - Some Important Points

Definition of a System

A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items forming a unified whole.

A definition given by Hall and Fagen (1956)

" A system is a set of objects together with the relationship between the objects and between their attributes. "

Definition of David B. Smith

" A system is a collection of functional units which may include both man and machines, which interact with each other and with the environment to perform purposeful behavior."

Systems Engineering - Views

In this book the following aspects of systems engineering are explored.

1. The chronological phases of systems design

2. The logical steps of systems design.

3. The man-machine interface of systems design.

4. The management of systems design.

The authors have explicitly stated they have not covered the mathematical tools of systems design.

It has to be appreciated that the design of a large physical system is a massive undertaking. The problem is undoubtedly beyond the capabilities of any one engineer and will require for its solution the skills and capabilities of many different people drawn from many different fields.

The Compleat Systems Engineer

He requires technical skills. He must have the capability of assimilating ideas and concepts in one field and translating them to another. He must also be familiar with administrative and marketing matters. He must be a persuasive advocate. Most systems involve large financial costs and require agreement of many decision makers. He must be able to communicate with them in the language they understand.

The systems engineers cannot be expected to be familiar with all fields. But they should be able to communicate with the experts and to make informed decisions based on their inputs to them.

The Chronological View of Systems Engineering

This chapter examines how complex engineering systems come into being.

1. Useful output from scientific research.

2. "Needs" research

3. Exploratory studies that establish the feasibility of developing a system

4. Definition of system

5. Engineering Design

6. Personnel subsystem design

7. System integration plan

8. System integration design

9. Equipment evaluation and test

10. Prototype system, test and evaluation

11. Hardware acquisition

12. Final test and evaluation

The Process of Systems Engineering

1. Problem definition

2. Environmental constraints

Physical environment

Science and technology environment

Economic environment

Legal, social and political environment

Contiguous systems environment

Ambient and transitional environment

3. Selection criteria

Primary

Utility

Cost

Timeliness

Competitive factors

Secondary

Quality

Reliability

Compatibility

Adaptability

Permanence

Simplicity

Safety

4. Synthesis stage

5. System analysis stage

6. Evaluation

Human Factors Aspects of Systems Development

1. Comprehensive job and task descriptions of personal requirements

2. Equipment redesign or confirmation

3. Job and task redesign or confirmation

4. Training redesign or confirmation

5. Personal training support

Redesign or confirmation is an interesting usage of the terms. It identifies that the designer at the previous stage has done the design related to human factor also to a large extent. Hence the specialist human factors or human effort man is to first evaluate it. If he feels design is adequate he can confirm the design that was given to him. Only if need is there, he has to redesign.

The Management of Systems Design

The managerial process involves:

Establish objectives

Allocate resources

Communicate plans and programs

Monitor results

Managerial Control Systems - PERT and CPM

If the system design process has number of activities and hence events or milestones, PERT and CPM techniques can be used for planning and controlling system design process. The data required has to be estimated for each of the activities of events by the persons associated with those activities. These individual activity estimates can be coordindated at the systems management office to come out with time lines for integrating various activities.

Systems Engineering Fundamentals - Book Information and Review .

Systems Engineering and Management - Smith and Rowland

Systems Efficiency Engineering - A Focus Area of Industrial Engineeering

Original knol - Number 1228

Ud. 21.9.2023

Pub. 13.4.2012

Sunday, June 23, 2013

Business Systems Engineering

Index of concepts

1. Aa to Az
2. Ba to Bz
3. Ca to Cz
4. Da to Dz
5. Ea to Ez
6. Fa to Fz
7. Ga to Gz

8. Ha to Hz

9. Ia to Iz

10. Ja to Jz

11. Ka to Kz

12. La to Lz

13. Ma to Mz

14. Na to Nz

15. Oa to Oz

16. Pa to Pz

17. Qa to Qz

18. Ra to Rz

19. Sa to Sz

20. Ta to Tz

21. Ua to Uz

22. Va to Vz

23. Wa to Wz

24. Xa to Xz

25. Ya to Yz

26. Za to Zz

Concept Definition and Explanation

Business systems engineering joins all engineering activities and software processes that have to be achieved in order to develop useful software in business domain.

Source

Agent Business Systems Engineering Development Approach

http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_29_4_14.pdf

________________________________

XYZ

Related Knols

=> Handbook of Management Knowledge Revision

________________________________________________________________

Books

Business Systems Engineering
by Gregory H. Watson
John Wiley & Sons
1994
Google Books link with preview facility
http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Business_Systems_Engineering.html?id=8PsNheYRtrkC
(Interesting Book)

______________________________________________________________________________________

Research Papers

2009

Agent Business Systems Engineering Development Approach

http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr_29_4_14.pdf

2008

2007

Management Knowledge Revision Knols

Knols that facilitate revision of various subjects of MBA curriculum to keep management professionals' knowledge fresh

Original knol - http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/business-systems-engineering/2utb2lsm2k7a / 1225

Sunday, September 23, 2012

System Engineering Process and Its Management

Can industrial engineers design systems internally in IE departments. They may not be able to design any complex system without the involvement of technical pesonnel belonging to the area of technology or management. But they can take the role of management of system design.
_________________________________________________________________________

System Engineering and Industrial Engineering

The definition of Industrial engineering says that it is concerned with design, improvement and installation of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy.

Some industrial engineers describe themselves as system designers. Some industrial engineering programs have renamed themselves as industrial and systems engineering. Why such name change was required? Are industrial engineering and system engineering different? If they were different, were they defined differently by the sponsors of these programs? The issue is worthy of exploration.

I advocate that industrial engineering has two core areas of focus: human effort engineering and system efficiency engineering. Therefore, they have a specific role in design of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy. The profession included in its definition concern related to design, improvement and installation of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy. Can industrial engineers design systems internally in IE departments. They may not be able to design any complex system without the involvement of technical pesonnel belonging to the area of technology or management. But they can take the role of management of system design.

Hence in industrial engineering curriculums management of system design has to be a subject.

I came across the book, Systems Engineering Guidebook by James Martin published by CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA in 1996. This book is a description of a process framework for implementing the methods of engineering a system. This book describes the management of system design adequately to be a beginning point for exploring the subject. This book is also an outcome of the two internal editions of AT&T process document, which was prepared or chartered by the systems engineering process management team. James Martin was Editor-in-Chief for the second edition of the process document.

Definition of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) basically consists of four elements:

1. SE Management plans, organizes, controls and directs the technical development of a system or its products.

2. Requirements and Architecture Definition defines the technical requirements based on stakeholder requirements, defines a strucute (or an architecture) for the system components, and allocates these requirements to the components of this architecuture.

3. Development of Sub Systems

4. System Integration and Verification integrates the components of the architecture at each level of the architecture and verifies that the system requirements for those components are met.

At any level in the architecture, a component can be passed to a development team for detail design of that component. Its means IE team will receive the component of human effort engineering and system efficiency engineering during some state of a system's design.

To support systems engineering process four types of teams are typically used.

1. SE Management Team

2. Requirements and Architecture Team

3. Development Team

4. System Integration and Verification Team

SE Management Subprocess

Essential activities of this subprocess are:

Overall objectives of the system design, development and deployment program are defined.

Management processes for various technical activities involved System DDD including methods and techniques for evaluation of effectiveness, risk, quality, and efficiency are specified.

The SE process to be applied to the project is to be documented in a SE Management Plan.

Project's progress will be tracked and managed.

Configuration management (CM) activity will control configuration change requests and the necessary changes to requirements.

Risk management will be undertaken

Requirements and Architecture Definition Subprocess

Essential activities

Customer needs and requirements are ascertained or defined or refined as appropriate.

Assessment of available technologies is done to determine the constraints on the requirements and architecture definition subprocess.

Requirements are analyzed, and are derived and further refined where necessary.

Optimization analysis is done to identify desired characteristics of the system.

System behavior is defined through functional analysis, and functional performance requirements are allocated to these functions.

Architecture is defined and requirements are traced to all system elements.

Requirements for each system element are documented in specifications, drawings and interface documents.

Design. Production and Deployment Subprocess

Eight primary functions are associated with system life cycle. They are development, production, test, deployment, operations, training, support, and disposition. The products in the system engineering process associated with operations are termed as end products and products associated with other phases are termed enabling products.

Core Design teams develop the operations end products and the test enbaling products.

Integrated Logistics Support teams develop teh support and training enabling prouducts.

Production teams develop the production enabling products.

Deployment teams develop the deploymengt and disposition enabling products.

System management teams and other teams develop development enabling products.

Systems Integration and Verification Subprocess

Essential Elements

System integration and verification plan is developed.

Test and evaluation requirements are defined.

Test activities are developed for each element.

Integration activities are developed for each pair of elements.

Key Elements of Systems Engineering

1. Systems Engineering Management Plan

2. Systems Engineering Master Schedule - Key Milestones and events

3. Systems Engineering Detailed Schedule - Task oriented schedule.

4. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)- Products and process development plan and due dates.

5. Requirements

6. Technical Performance Measurement: of the system

7. Technical Review and Audits: Technical review of the progress of the project

Key Questions of Systems Engineering

Need

What needs are we trying to fill

Operations Concept

Who are the intended users

Functional Requirements

What specific services will we provide

System Architecture

What elements make up the overall approach?

Allocated Requirements

Which elements address which requirements?

Detailed Design

Are the details correct?

Do they meet requirements?

Implementation

Will the solution be satisfactory in terms of cost and schedule?

Test

What is our evidence of success?

References

James Martin, Systems Engineering Guidebook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA , 1996.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

System Engineering Course Pages, Articles and Papers

Course on Design in Space Systems http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/courses/aoe4065/

A good Presentation on System Engineering http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/courses/aoe4065/SE.pdf

The System Architecture Process: http://www.gaudisite.nl/SystemArchitectureProcessPaper.pdf

What is Systems Engineering? A Consensus of the INCOSE Fellows

http://www.incose.org/practice/fellowsconsensus.aspx

Systems Engineering Fundamentals - Book Information and Review .

Systems Engineering and Management - Smith and Rowland

Systems Efficiency Engineering - A Focus Area of Industrial Engineeering

http://www.incose.org/practice/whatissystemseng.aspx

Original knol - http://knol.google.com/k/ system-engineering-process-and-its-management - knol Number - 1206

_________________________

Bibliography

System Engineering Management Plan - Model Text
http://home.btconnect.com/managingstandard/semp.htm

Project Management vs.System Engineering Management
2010 paper by Sharon,Weck and Dori, Technion
http://esml.iem.technion.ac.il/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/20187_fta.pdf

Thursday, February 9, 2012

Systems Engineering - INCOSE View

About INCOSE

The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) is a not-for-profit membership organization founded to develop and disseminate the interdisciplinary principles and practices that enable the

realization of successful systems.

Mission
Advance the state of the art and practice of systems engineering in industry, academia, and government by promoting interdisciplinary, scaleable approaches to produce technologically appropriate solutions that meet societal needs.

What is Systems Engineering?

Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem:

Systems Engineering integrates all the disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort forming a structured development process that proceeds from concept to production to operation. Systems Engineering considers both the business and the technical needs of all customers with the goal of providing a quality product that meets the user needs.

Important point

The important point to be noted is that systems engineer has to integrate many disciplines and specialty groups into a team effort.

You can download the book Engineering Complex Systems by David W. Oliver et al., 1997

http://www.incose.org/ProductsPubs/DOC/EngComplexSys.pdf

INCOSE Code of Ethics

Preamble

Engineering is a profession that requires its practitioners to be well educated and knowledgeable. Systems Engineering, in particular, is a unique discipline in that 1) it is highly integrative, spanning elements of many activities, 2) often provides representation of stakeholders' interests other than employer or client, and 3) operates in largely international arenas where value systems, beliefs and customs vary widely. The practice of Systems Engineering can result in significant social and environmental benefits, but only if unintended and undesired effects are considered and mitigated.

Fundamental Principles

Systems Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor and dignity of the engineering profession by:

Being honest and impartial;
Maintaining the highest levels of integrity and keeping abreast of the knowledge of their disciplines;
Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession; and
Supporting the educational institutions, the professional societies and technical societies of their disciplines.

Fundamental Duties to Society and Public Infrastructure

Guard the public interest and protect the environment, safety and welfare of those affected by engineering activities and technological artifacts.
Accept responsibility for your actions and engineering results, including being open to ethical scrutiny and assessment.
Proactively mitigate unsafe practice.
Manage risk using knowledge granted by a whole system viewpoint and understanding of systemic interfaces.
Promote the understanding, implementation, and acceptance of prudent Systems Engineering measures .

Rules of Practice

Act legally, honorably, honestly, justly, and responsibly.
Respect, protect, and preserve the intellectual properties of others.
Honor all legal contracts and agreements.
Treat all constituents fairly.
Give prudent advice. Be truthful, objective, and maintain your professional and technical integrity.
Provide diligent and competent services to the best of your ability.
Respect the trust and the privileges granted to you.
Avoid conflicts of interest and the appearance thereof.

(Source: http://www.incose.org/about/ethics.aspx)

Materials available for download from INCOSE site

Systems Engineering Glossary

http://www.incose.org/ProductsPubs/pdf/techdata/ERTC/GlossaryDefnsOfTerms_1998-10_TWG.pdf

Systems Engineering Fundamentals - Book Information and Review .

Systems Engineering and Management - Smith and Rowland

Systems Efficiency Engineering - A Focus Area of Industrial Engineeering