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Online Education/Training Session on "Effective Industrial Engineering and Productivity Management."
I developed an online education/training session on "Effective Industrial Engineering and Productivity Management." One and half hour duration.
Supporting Information: Effective Industrial Engineering - Some Thoughts by Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.
Effective industrial engineering has to satisfy management about the contribution it made to the organization year after year.
The prime contribution of IE has to be cost reduction through productivity improvement.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2025/07/effective-industrial-engineering-some.html
https://www.linkedin.com/in/narayana-rao-kvss-b608007/
Online Free Access Handbook of Industrial Engineering includes all modules of IE Online Course Notes.
Lesson 212 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.
Lesson 213 SIMO Chart Using Therbligs - Two Handed Chart for Micro-Motion Study
Lesson 214 Motion Analysis - Two Handed Operation/Process Chart - Operator Motions Chart
Lesson 215 SIMO Chart Analysis
Two-handed process chart is part of additional details of the Operation Process Chart and Flow Process Chart.
For each step or operation in the process charts - material processing, inspection, handling & transport, warehousing, temporary stocking & delay, when operators are involved, a two-handed process chart is to be prepared for each operator involved. Similarly a machine work sheet or chart is also to be prepared to study machine work in the process.
The Two-handed process chart for Motion Study
The two-handed process chart is a process chart in which the activities of a worker's hands (or limbs) are recorded in their relationship to one another
The two-handed process chart shows the two hands (and if the feet are involved, feet also) of the operative moving or static in relation to one another, usually in relation to a time scale.
The two-handed process chart is prepared for analysis of repetitive operations. At least, one complete cycle of the work is to be recorded. Recording of every movement of the hand is recorded.
Symbols and Meanings
O OPERATION Is used for the activities of grasp, position, use, release,
etc., of a tool, component or material.
=> TRANSPORT Is used to represent the movement of the hand (or limb) to
or from the work, a tool or material.
D DELAY is used to denote time during which the hand or limb being charted is idle (although the others may be in use).
▼ HOLD is used to represent the activity of holding the work, a tool or material — that is, when the hand being charted is holding something.
Preparing the chart requires observation and this enables the motion study specialist to gain an intimate knowledge of the motions involved in the job.
The first step in making an operation chart, or left- and right-hand chart or two-handed chart is to draw a sketch of the work place, indicating the contents of the bins and the location of tools and materials. Then observe the motions of one hand of the operator. Mentally record each motion and then compare the motions and with the mental picture prepared. Then record the motions of that hand and then compare once again. Thus, the motions of one hand, say left hand are observed for number of cycles and the chart is filled on the appropriate side. Then, the other hand is observed, mentally recorded, compared, then it is written on the paper and compared.
Each motion is subjected to questioning from ECRS perspective. From the questioning, improvements are developed. A brain storming group can be formed for the questioning of each motion. The group can be shown some successful motion study examples through videos or printed articles and reports. The ideas that are generated should be written down in chart form when they occur. Different ideas are compared. The best method is generally that which requires the fewest movements.
The two-handed process chart can be applied to assembly as well as component making jobs. In the assembly of small parts with close fits, "positioning" should be shown as a separate movement apart from the actual assembling movement. Attention gets focused on the different movements that way improvements in each movement can be thought of during simplifying activity.
Motion Analysis - Two Handed Operation/Process Chart - Operator Motions Chart
Questions for Motion Analysis Based on Principles of Motion Economy
Use of the Human Body
1. The two hands should begin as well as complete their motions at the same time.
Are both hands starting the motion at the same time?
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
Are both hand idle at the same time? Is it planned rest period?
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
Are both hands doing motion symmetrically in opposite directions?
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
Is the lowest body part (Hand part - finger, wrist, elbow, or arm) being used?
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
What is the momentum in motion? Is it being used properly?
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
Are motions smooth and continuous?
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
Are moments ballistic?
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
Is there rhythm in the work?
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
How many eye fixations are there in the motion?
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
Arrangement of the workplace
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
To minimize search and select therbligs every thing should have a definite place. Is it there?
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
What is the distance at which tools, materials and controls are kept? Can it be made more closer?
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
Are gravity feeds being used for material input as well as for finished items?
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
Drop delivery is easy release load and gravity feed. You don't have position therebligs in the case of drop delivery.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
What is the sequence of motions due to placement of materials and tools? Can it be changed for motion time reduction?
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
Is the sit - stand facility there?
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
Is the chair giving good posture?
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
Design of tools and equipment
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
It is an important point? Is there a work holding device? Does it guide the tool?
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
If in the same tool two task provision is there, certain therbligs are saved.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
Are tools and materials getting prepositioned for easy grasping?
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
What is the load on each finger?
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
What is the comfort or discomfort for the operation in operating controls?
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aw6UVbaojgM
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Application and Case Studies
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT ON LAMP ASSEMBLY LINE
Conference Paper · October 2016
Improving The Assembly Process of Down lighter by using Two Hand Process Chart
Kajal Sejpal
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-6 Issue-4, April 2017
In this project, productivity is improved by optimizing certain operations of the manual assembly process of a product. In this paper, flow process chart of assembly line of a particular product is
studied. The two hand process chart of selective time consuming operations is carried out. The time saved and improvement to the operations is noted. A new standard process in manual assembly line is created, time is saved as well as energy of the worker is also saved. This leads to increased units of production and lesser fatigue.
IE in Apparel Manufacturing-1: Method Improvement through Method Study
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lHHB-3qayLUC&pg=PA149#v=onepage&q&f=false
Updated on 3.11.2026, 4 Nov 2021, 26 May 2021, 12 June 2020, 11 September 2016
Updated on 3.11.2026, 4 Nov 2021, 26 May 2021, 12 June 2020, 11 September 2016
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