K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao
Industrial Engineering is Industry Expansion Engineering - Narayana Rao
Industrial engineering increases productivity of resources used in production systems or operating systems and thus decreases unit cost of producing goods or services. Each decrease in cost contributes to the price reduction, which a company can offer. Price reductions lead to expansion of an industry and thus industrial engineering is industry expansion engineering. Invention and innovation engineers create new industries and industrial engineers expand the industry. Increase in efficiency leads to more production with the constant unit effectiveness and hence total effectiveness of the output of the system increases with increase in efficiency. Hence system efficiency engineering increases total system effectiveness.
The methods, techniques and tools used to do industrial engineering get modified and new ones get developed with changes in technology and management methods related to industry. Applied industrial engineering is given one punch sentence - "IE in New Technology, IE with New Technology " by Prof. Narayana Rao. The world recognises revolutions in industry, and now the world talks of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is the result of number of new technologies, many of them in the field of information and communication technologies that make a connected network of machines and equipment possible. Machines can communicate with each other based on the sensors mounted on them and also can pass instructions and make the necessary adjustments on other machines through actuators which respond to digital messages sent to them. While, the new connected engineering systems are in their early days of innovation, the concept's potential to become the main mode of engineering activity (in design, production, operation and maintenance) is well recognized. National governments and international agencies have taken note of this, and strategic initiatives to adopt the technology and become global leaders in the technology have been started. Germany is a leader in this initiative at the moment. Industrial Engineering 4.0 is a naturally ally of engineers and managers in Industry 4.0 to supplement as well as complement their work to increase productivity in industries and companies using Industry 4.0 technologies.
Why Industrial Engineering 4.0?
Leading consulting firms and technology analysts are foreseeing and forecasting productivity improvements due to implementation of industry 4.0 technologies. Some of them made qualitative statements and some have made quantitative estimate regarding the productivity potential. They also say that the productivity or cost reduction estimates will not be realized without creative engineering and management. Industrial engineers have to get into this productivity opportunity and understand this new technology. They have to combine the existing IE practices with the new technologies, develop new productivity science, productivity engineering inventions and manage the implementation process. There is an opportunity for industrial engineers and they have to rise up to the challenge to remain the value adding profession in the new industrial environment like to emerge, which is termed Industry 4.0.
The industrial engineering profession Germany has taken lead in this evolution of industrial engineering and organized a seminar in 2016.
In Germany, in 2016, a seminar with the theme, "Industrial Engineering 4.0 – Neue Ansätze in vernetzten Produktionen" was organized. The brief details can be seen in the brochures available at
(Full brochure).
The three functions of IE in Industry 4.0 context are being explored and the ideas so far developed are being circulated in IE social media communities seeking suggestions to enrich them.
IE 2.0 - Involvement of operators, supervisors, production engineers in process improvement and production systems improvement along with industrial engineers.
IE 3.0 - Japanese contribution of IE, Focus on temporary delays, Elimination of delays through low batch quantity production and distribution.
Industrial engineers have to improve processes. For that they have to understand process planning. IISE includes design in IE definition. That refers to design of processes. Therefore industrial engineers can participate in process design or lead process design efforts.
Process Planning in Industry 4.0 Environment☆
Maja Trstenjak, Predrag Cosic
Procedia Manufacturing
Volume 11, 2017, Pages 1744-1750
Process Planning in Industry 4.0—Current State- MDPI
Process Planning in Industry 4.0 Environment
by M Trstenjaka · 2017 ·
Process Planning in Era 4.0
Kaushik Kumar, Divya Zindani,J. Paulo Davim
Industry 4.0 pp 19-26
First vision platform built for industrial engineering.
Sensable, Inc. (Indicated by Prof. Shahrukh Irani in a LinkedIn comment)
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING – A KEY ENABLER OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TRANSFORMATION
October 15, 2018
Production Planning Software and Industry 4.0
September 11, 2018, Eric Howard
https://www.simio.com/blog/2018/09/11/production-planning-software-industry-4-0/
Planning for Industry 4.0 with Simulation
https://www.simul8.com/applications/manufacturing/implementing-industry-4-0-with-simulation
INDUSTRY 4.0 READINESS FACTOR CALCULATION
Industry 4.0-Driven Development of Optimization Algorithms: A Systematic Overview
Róbert Csalódi , Zoltán Süle , Szilárd Jaskó , Tibor Holczinger , and János Abonyi
Complexity / 2021 /Special Issue
Theory and Applications of Cyber-Physical Systems
Dynamic Process Planning using Digital Twins and Reinforcement Learning
Zai Müller-Zhang; Pablo Oliveira Antonino; Thomas Kuhn
2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9211946
Industry 4.0 in the product development process: benefits, difficulties and its impact in marketing strategies and operations
Iara Franchi Arromba , Philip Stafford Martin , Robert Cooper Ordoñez , Rosley Anholon , Izabela Simon Rampasso , Luis Antonio Santa-Eulalia , Vitor William Batista Martins , Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Volume 36 Issue 3
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JBIM-01-2020-0014/full/html
Manufacturing - Material Processing 4.0
Industry 4.0 for machine tools
Achieving Industry 4.0 in Pre-machining Processes (Part I: Theory)
Industry 4.0
By: Drew Strauchen, HAIMER USA
Achieving Industry 4.0 in Pre-machining Processes (Part II: Execution)
Industry 4.0 Execution
By: Drew Strauchen, HAIMER USA
How Haas fulfills the promise of Industry 4.0?
All new Haas machines have the ability to send data from the machine’s CNC to a centralized data system, allowing them to integrate smoothly with new or existing Industry 4.0 environments.
The Machining 4.0 Project
Impact
1000 SMEs acquired knowledge on innovative machining technologies, 250 SMEs experimented with new technologies and collaborated with R&D partners and 50 SMEs received intensive business support. This increases the knowledge/innovation level for machining in NWE.
Sensors in Machine Tools - Data Generation and Analysis - Output of Data Science - Productivity and Quality Engineering
Quality 4.0
Experience-Based Product Inspection Planning for Industry 4.0
Muhammad Bilal Ahmed,Farhat Majeed,Cesar Sanin &Edward Szczerbicki
Cybernetics and Systems
An International Journal
Volume 52, 2021 - Issue 5: Cognitive Systems, Concepts, Processes, and Techniques for the Age of Industry 4.0
Pages 296-312
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01969722.2020.1871222
QUALITY 4.0 IMPACT AND STRATEGY HANDBOOK - SAS
https://www.sas.com/content/dam/SAS/en_us/doc/whitepaper2/quality-4-0-impact-strategy-109087.pdf
QUALITY 4.0
Material Handling 4.0
How Industry 4.0 Material Handling Technology Impacts Critical KPIs
Dec 12, 2019
Warehousing 4.0 - Controlled Storage 4.0
WAREHOUSING 4.0
The age of the smart warehouse
WAREHOUSE 4.0: Accelerate Your Digital Journey
NOV 02, 2020
Lean Inventories - Reduced Delays in Process Flow 4.0
Six Lean Principles for an Industry 4.0 World
Mar 1, 2019
by Mark Crawford
Lean systems are designed to provide expected value to customers and expected profit to organizations.
1. Learn from Developments in Engineering and Gemba
2. Work with a team - Obeya
3. Focus on Lean product and process development (LPPD) - Product IE, Process IE, SMED, Flow,
4. Use Cellular Manufacturing for Parts Manufacturing
5. Have a well designed and well kept Factory Premises, Layout and Workstations (5S)
6. Reduce defects (Poka Yoke)
Lean and Industry 4.0
August 7, 2018 by Christoph Roser
Industry 4.0 and Lean Manufacturing: A systematic literature review and future research directions
Marcos Pagliosa , Guilherme Tortorella , Joao Carlos Espindola Ferreira
Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Volume 32 Issue 3
Why Industrial Engineering 4.0?
Leading consulting firms and technology analysts are foreseeing and forecasting productivity improvements due to implementation of industry 4.0 technologies. Some of them made qualitative statements and some have made quantitative estimate regarding the productivity potential. They also say that the productivity or cost reduction estimates will not be realized without creative engineering and management. Industrial engineers have to get into this productivity opportunity and understand this new technology. They have to combine the existing IE practices with the new technologies, develop new productivity science, productivity engineering inventions and manage the implementation process. There is an opportunity for industrial engineers and they have to rise up to the challenge to remain the value adding profession in the new industrial environment like to emerge, which is termed Industry 4.0.
The Opinions and Thoughts of Consultants and Technology Analysts
Accenture
The Growth Game-Changer: How the Industrial Internet of Things can drive progress and prosperity
Mark Purdy and Ladan Davarzani
2015
"In the 20 countries we analyzed, current policy and investment trends in IIoT products and technologies point to cumulative real GDP contributions of US$10.6 trillion by 2030. With greater investment and the enactment of key measures to absorb IIoT technologies, that figure could rise to US$14.2 trillion."
Benefit to United States
"In our model, the IIoT is projected to add US$6,132 billion to United States’ GDP in the next 15 years under current conditions. However, by taking additional measures such as improving the country’s broadband infrastructure, this figure could grow to US$7,146 billion."
One can observe the significance of the impact of Industry 4.0 and can also the see importance being given to creative engineering and management of the applications of these technologies in Accenture report.
BCG
THE NINE PILLARS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT
"Many of the nine advances in technology that form the foundation for Industry 4.0 are already used in manufacturing, but with Industry 4.0, they will transform production: isolated, optimized cells will come together as a fully integrated, automated, and optimized production flow, leading to greater efficiencies and changing traditional production relationships among suppliers, producers, and customers—as well as between human and machine."
Productivity Potential in Germany
"During the next five to ten years, Industry 4.0 will be embraced by more companies, boosting productivity across all German manufacturing sectors by €90 billion to €150 billion. Productivity improvements on conversion costs, which exclude the cost of materials, will range from 15 to 25 percent. When the materials costs are factored in, productivity gains of 5 to 8 percent will be achieved. "
EY
Digitalization in industrial products Harnessing the power of digital
2016
Maximum potential economic benefits in factory settings by 2015 in US$ billion are provided by possible benefit areas (Implies focused and successful design and implementation of IoT projects) . A McKinsey report is given as the source of the figures. The following are the areas and the benefit envisaged.
Operations optimization: $1766 billions,
Predictive maintenance: $627 billion
Inventory optimization: $342
Safety: $226 billions
Human productivity: $160 bilion
Others: 587 billion
So, there are significant productivity benefits expected from the implementation of new technologies and there is a role for productivity engineering that is industrial engineering.
IBM
The McKinsey Institute expects Industry 4.0 applications enabled by the Internet of Things to create a new surge of factory productivity. This would provide a productivity increase of 10 – 25 percent and would amount to as much as $1.8 trillion per year in 2025.
KPMG
Digitalization in industrial products: Harnessing the power of digital
2016
Efficiency benefits are explained in pages 17 and 18.
PWC
Industry 4.0 will revolutionise industrial production. Digitisation brings enormous benefits.
"Industrial companies expect to generate 3.6% p.a. in cost reductions over the next five years, driven by internal improvements and by working more closely across value chains. They’re also expecting to generate 2.9% p.a. in increased revenues by digitising products and services and developing new digital service offerings, all the way through to hosting platforms for industrial ecosystems."
Getting there won’t be easy. And it won’t come cheap. Investments in Industry 4.0 capabilities are expected to reach around 5% of annual revenues p.a. Investment will be $907 billion per annum till 2020. Cost reduction benefit will be $421 billion and revenue increase benefit will be $493 billion.
So all the leading consulting firms have published reports based on their studies highlighting the potential of Industry 4.0 transformation of engineering in the world. It has revenue increasing potential by facilitating the creation of new products and services which customers will buy and use and also, it has productivity potential by facilitating the productivity improvement and cost reduction in production, operation and maintenance of current products. Industrial engineers have a role to play in both the segments. They have to make sure that new processes being developed to produce new products are efficient and productivity to begin with. Also they have to improve the productivity of production/engineering processes of current products. Industrial Engineering 4.0 needs to be developed by industrial engineering researchers, consultants and practitioners in academic, consulting and corporate sector by understanding the new technologies, doing research and converting the productivity opportunities into productivity engineering and management solutions.
In the blog book to be developed by me in the coming days (this blog post being the first one in the series), I shall write my ideas regarding the various phases based on the research that I was carrying on this issue specially since August 2017.
So far, I made number of blog posts on Industry 4.0 and IoT. I give the links of those articles below.
Articles/Blog Posts on Industry 4.0 by Narayana Rao
Productivity “Industry 4.0, Leapfrog Opportunity for India” - Productivity Week Theme - India 2018
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/11/productivity-industry-40-leapfrog.html
Data Analytics Period in Productivity Improvement - Productivity Engineering and Management
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/06/data-analytics-period-in-productivity.html
Digital Transformation at Daimler Benz
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2016/04/digital-transformation-at-daimler-benz.html
Industrial Engineering 4.0 - IE in the Era of Industry 4.0 - The German Initiative
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/01/industrial-engineering-40-ie-in-era-of.html
Process Charts, Diagrams, Maps and Process Improvement 4.0.
Process Planning & Production Planning in Industry 4.0.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industrial-engineering-40-ie-in-era-of.html
Sensors in Machine Tools - Data Generation and Analysis - Output of Data Science - Productivity and Quality Engineering
Smart Factory - Concept and Research - Industrial Engineering 4.0
High Productivity Through Smart Factories - Industry 4.0 - Bulletin Board
Data Analytics Period in Productivity Improvement - Productivity Engineering and Management
Productivity Improvement Through Smart Machines
Productivity Improvement Techniques and Industry 4.0 Technologies - Interface and Interation
Productivity Improvement - “Industry 4.0, Leapfrog Opportunity for India” - Productivity Week Theme - India 2018
Applied Industrial Engineering - Industrial Engineering 4.0 - IE in Industry 4.0 Engineering Systems and Processes
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/05/applied-industrial-engineering-process.html
Industrial Engineering & ISE - Engineering & Technology, Process, and People
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/11/industrial-engineering-ise-engineering.html
Technology Monitoring for Applied Industrial Engineering - Digital Twins
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/06/monitor-technology-monitoring-applied.html
Digital Twin - Bibliography
Digital Twins of CNC Machines - Bibliography
Process Digital Twin
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/09/process-digital-twin.html
Supply Chain Digital Twin - Introduction
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/12/supply-chain-digital-twin.html
Digital Twins of Machine Tools
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/12/digital-twins-of-machine-tools.html
Digital Twins for Machine Tools and Machine Tool Components and Accessories
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/02/digital-twins-for-machine-tools-and.html
SAP Digital Twin Software & Technology - Introduction
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/09/sap-digital-twin-software-technology.html
New Ways to do Industrial Engineering Studies
Industrial Engineering through Digital Twins
Industrial Engineering through Process Mining
Bibliography
Lean Industry 4.0
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/lean-meets-industry-4.0.aspx
Industrial Engineering 4.0 was already mentioned in the following references.
Industrial Engineering 4.0 – Neue Ansätze in vernetzten Produktionen A seminar in 2016
https://www.sv-veranstaltungen.de/fachbereiche/2-fachkonferenz-industrial-engineering/
https://www.tu-chemnitz.de/mb/FabrPlan/Professur/Industrial_Engineering_Internet.pdf (Full brochure)
Industrial Engineering in the Industry 4.0 Era
Selected papers from the Global Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Its Application Areas, GJCIE 2017, July 20–21, Vienna, Austria
Editors: Calisir, Fethi, Camgoz Akdag, Hatice (Eds.)
http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319712246
Industry 4.0 - Online Library
http://www.plattform-i40.de/I40/Navigation/EN/InPractice/Online-Library/online-library.htmlIndustrial Engineering 4.0 - IE in the Era of Industry 4.0.
Lesson 442 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industrial-engineering-40-ie-in-era-of.html
Industry 4.0 - A Note for Industrial Engineers for Industrial Engineering 4.0 (IE 4.0).
Lesson 443 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/01/industry-40-note-for-industrial.html
The Science and Art of Machine and Operator Productivity in Industry 4.0
#IndustrialEngineering #Productivity #CostReduction #Industry40
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2023/04/the-science-and-art-of-machine-and.html
Augmented Reality - Exploration
Lesson 444 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
#IndustrialEngineering #Productivity #CostReduction #Automation
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/07/augmented-reality-exploration.html
Autonomous Robots - A Note for Industrial Engineers for Industrial Engineering 4.0 (IE 4.0)
Lesson 445 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/01/autonomous-robots-note-for-industrial.html
Data Analytics Period in Productivity Improvement - Productivity Engineering and Management
Lesson 446 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/06/data-analytics-period-in-productivity.html
Cloud Computing - Engineering Economic and Financial Analysis
Lesson 447 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/04/cloud-computing-engineering-economic.html
IoT Technology - Exploration - Industrial Engineering Point of View
Lesson 448 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2018/06/iot-technology-exploration-industrial.html
Simulation and Forecasting - A Note for Industrial Engineers for Industrial Engineering 4.0 (IE 4.0)
Lesson 449 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course - Applied Industrial Engineering Module.
Join the LinkedIn Group - Industrial Engineering & Digital Transformation
Updated 22.7.2025, 7.2.2024, 9.4.2023, 29.4.2022, 11.12.2021, 9 July 2021, 15 January 2021, 8 January 2018
First published on 31 December 2017
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