Principles of motion economy for human effort industrial engineering.
Principles of machine economy for machine effort industrial engineering.
Machine Utilization Principle of Industrial Engineering - Prof. Ralph Barnes
Principles of Motion Economy
Automation Principles - Mikell Groover
USA Principle
The USA Principle is the industrial engineering approach used for automation.
.USA stands for
1. Understand the existing process
2. Simplify the process - Improve the process with current facilities by eliminating waste activities.
3. Automate the process.
Understand the Existing Process. This is the first step of any IE study.
Simplify the Process. This is a step of ECSR steps of industrial engineering.
Automate the Process. Once the current process has been improved eliminating the waste activities, automation can be studied. It is important to remember the principle of reengineering. It is very important for the new technology implementer to thoroughly understand the new technology and use its full power in converting the input into the operation or process into output. The current process is not a constraint for the new automatic production process design.
Ten Strategies for Automation of Production Systems
Groover in 1980 suggested the following ten.
1. Specialization: Design special-purpose equipment to perform one operation with the greatest possible efficiency.
2. Combined operations. Complex parts production require tens or even hundreds, of processing steps. The strategy of combined operations involves reducing the number of distinct production machines or work stations by performing more than one operation at a given machine. An economic evaluation has to be done for combining specialized machines.
3. Simultaneous operations. A logical extension of the combined operations strategy is to simultaneously perform the operations that are combined at one workstation.
4. Integration of operations. Another strategy is to link several workstations together into a single integrated mechanism, using automated work handling devices to transfer parts between stations. Scheduling becomes simplified.
5. Increased flexibility. Design for flexibility
6. Improved material handling and storage. Automated material handling and storage systems give reduced work-in-process and shorter manufacturing lead times.
7. On-line inspection. Incorporating inspection into the manufacturing process permits corrections to the process as the product is being made and also reduces errors.
8, Process control and optimization. This includes a wide range of control schemes intended to operate the individual processes and associated equipment more efficiently from more central locations.
9. Plant operations control. There is control of the individual manufacturing processes. But we required also control at the plant level. It attempts to manage and coordinate the aggregate operations in the plant more efficiently. Its implementation usually involves a high level of computer networking within the factory.
10. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). Integration of factory operations with engineering design and the business functions of the firm, CIM involves extensive use of computer applications, computer data bases, and computer networking throughout the enterprise
Productivity Measurement
Work System Theory
Work Systems Design - Related articles
Design of Work Systems, Machine Methods, Operator Methods, and Work Measurement - Ralph Barnes
Basic Steps in Work Systems Design - Prof. Gerald Nadler - 1963
Principles of Work System Design
Work Systems - Definition and Evolution of Work Systems Design in Industrial Engineering
No comments:
Post a Comment