Evolution of Motion and Time Study

F.W. Taylor described the time study approach in his papers and books.

Frank Gilbreth explained his Motion Study in his papers and books. Gilbreth's focus in motion study is exclusively on the human effort and variable related to human effort are mainly investigated. Gilbreth's initial studies were in areas where human effort the major component.

Taylor's early work is in machine shop. Hence devoted considerable time in doing research on machine tools and cutting.

Taylor himself used the term "Motion and Time Study" in his book "Scientific Management." Gilbreth also supported Taylor and his writings.


The Effect of Motion Study upon the Workers
Frank B. Gilbreth and Lillian M. Gilbreth
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
Vol. 65, Personnel and Employment Problems in Industrial Management (May, 1916), pp. 272-276 (5 pages)
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1013582?seq=5#metadata_info_tab_contents

Time and motion study
Great Britain. Industrial fatigue research board.
Time and motion study.
London, H.M. Stationery Off., 1923

Time and motion study and formulas for wage incentives,
by Stewart M. Lowry ... Harold B. Maynard ... and G. J. Stegemerten ...
Main Author: Lowry, Stewart McKinley, 1896-
Related Names: Stegemerten, G. J. 1892-1987., Maynard, Harold B. 1902-1975.
Published: New York [etc.] McGraw-Hill Book Company, inc., 1927.
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006566035


Applied time and motion study, by Walter G. Holmes ... Holmes, Walter G

1938
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015012656735&view=1up&seq=33

Guide to methods improvement,
Main Author: Maynard, Harold B. 1902-1975.
Related Names: Stegemerten, G. J. 1892-1987., joint author.
Published: New York McGraw-Hill book company, inc., 1944.
Edition: 1st ed.
https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001510675

The Application of Motion and Time Study Techniques to Certain Agricultural Enterprises
John W. Oberholtzer
Journal of Farm Economics, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Aug., 1945), pp. 702-704
It is summary of a phd thesis
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1232662?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Glossary of terms used in methods, time study, and wage incentives. ... Society for Advancement of Management.
1953
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4196330&view=1up&seq=8

From the 1953 glossary

Method: A procedure for doing work. The work pattern used in processing; the way of doing; that combination of set-up, lay-out, and/or prescribed way of doing. A given "Method" is established by fixing the nature and sequence of the major task. The method is recorded by defining the work elements, the sequence of the elements, the manner of performing the elements, the working conditions affecting the elements, and the facilities used to accomplish the elemental work units. Any action which changes the nature of the work elements recorded for a "Method", or changes the sequence of the elements, or alters the equipment used to perform the elements, or affects the manner of performance, results in a change in the "Method".

Methods Engineer: One versed in the analysis of methods and the development of new methods. One who analyzes the way things are done with the purpose of finding; the easier and better way to accomplish a given result. One who develops improved methods of doing work.

Methods Engineering: The analysis of the way things are being done for the purpose of finding an easier and better way of accomplishing a given result. The art of analyzing and improving methods. The application of analytical techniques to the development of improved methods of doing work.

Methods Study: The analysis of practices, including motions, materials, and workplace, and tools and equipment used, or to be used in the performance of any given task.

Methods-Time Measurement MTM: A procedure which analyzes any manual operation or method into the basic motions required to perform it and assigns to each motion a predetermined time standard which is dependent on the nature of the motion and the conditions under which it is made.

Motion Study: The study of the fundamental elements or subdivisions of an operation by means of a motion picture camera and a timing device which accurately indicates the time intervals on the motion picture film.

Minimum Time: The acceptable lowest time shown for a series of readings during a time study of a specific work element. Not necessarily the shortest time recorded. Is used to estimate earnings or performance possibilities under an incentive standard.

Modal Selection: The actual elemental time selected from time study recordings as determined by using the reading which occurs most frequently in one elemental series of readings.

Motion Analysis: The division, analysis and study of each motion used in an operation with a view to improving the operation as a whole. The methods study through which standard time can be determined by using body member movement time and a closer control of loss and waste in an existing method.

Motion Study: See Motion Analysis.