What is data science?
Explaining it as data-based science is a simple explanation. Many other explanation being offered can be made activities that fall under data-based science.
Jim Gray provided the idea of data-based science. The book, The Fourth Paradigm: A Focus on Data-Intensive Systems and Scientific Communication, is created to examine his thinking on the issue.
In Jim Gray’s last talk to the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board on January 11, 2007, he described his vision of the fourth paradigm of scientific research. He outlined a two-part plea for the funding of tools for data capture, curation, and analysis, and for a communication and publication infrastructure. He argued for the establishment of modern stores for data and documents that are on par with traditional libraries.
Data-intensive science consists of three basic activities: capture, curation, and analysis. Data comes in all scales and shapes, covering experiments that include, large international experiments; cross-laboratory, single-laboratory, and individual observations. Data also comes from normal transactions people and business firms make and potentially individuals’ lives and firms' activities can also become data. The dream of establishing a “sensors everywhere” data infrastructure will support new modes of scientific research.
Data-based research is part of empirical research. But somebody may argue, it can be part of theoretical research, as the researcher may not specially collect data. But research based on secondary data is classified as empirical research only. Theoretical research takes the theories created by others as the inputs and critically analyzes them to propose modifications and improvements.
So far, in practice, data science is doing business research. Not many scientific theories are so far published based on data science. It means academic scientific community has not yet recognized the potential of this new paradigm of scientific enquiry.
(C) K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/fourth-paradigm-data-intensive-scientific-discovery/
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