Saturday, September 11, 2021

Automation Projects in SWEP - Case Study

 The dawn of automation secures SWEP’s heat transfer advancement

September 09, 2021


Industry 4.0 and automation is changing the production landscape for SWEP, world-leading supplier of brazed plate heat exchangers and prefabricated energy transfer stations.


With 30 years of experience and growth, now a global corporation, we are still driven by the same spirit and conviction: to challenge efficiency and make a difference with Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers (BPHEs) that are part of a sustainable future.

A willingness to explore

SWEP has always been willing to test new technologies in the manufacturing process. Early in the company history SWEP choose their own way for the production equipment. One example is pressing steel plates together with the copper foil. We experimented made it work. Another example was the home-made stacking box that was an early automation equipment for press lines solving the straightening, turning, and stacking operations integrated with the press line with huge capacity and productivity increase to follow.

Even if there have been automated functions linked to individual machines, like press lines and test equipment’s it is only in the last 5 years that the real automation journey has taken off, and with quite some pace. Over 20 industrial robots built into automatic assembly lines with vision systems, advanced grippers, sensors, and conveyor systems have been commissioned and more is in the pipeline for the near future and the coming years.

A focus on automation

The strategy behind this automation journey is a clear vision.  Try out in smaller scale, learn from mistakes, and use the experience in new projects to build up internal competence but continue to work with external partners in parallel. To design and own key components and all source code and build the robot cells in modules that can be scaled up and down is important for SWEP to be able to standardize, copy and implement to any of SWEP’s five plants around the world.

Designing and implementing a project

A typical automation project usually starts with internal brainstorming in a small technical group with resources from earlier automation projects and the future owner of the cell. The outcome are early visualizations and simulations models for discussion and comparison. Then external partners get involved with idea input and solution suggestions followed by defined work interfaces and formalized project team. Usually SWEP do the robot programming, design and manufacture key components like grippers, use external consultants for PLC/safety program and external partners for most of the hardware. The philosophy is to build deep and wide internal competence but still utilize external partners that built and seen so many more installations in different industries. External partners also help keeping up the high pace and low prices on robots, for instance, as they source many more than SWEP.

Learning is a constant battle

Another learning in the automation journey is the importance of the planning, logistics and the whole picture. Only machines and automation cells forming islands in production will not give the expected productivity increase and this is where Industry 4.0 come into play, connecting the dots. Here new visualization and simulation tools or digital twins will play an important role. How to plan and balancing the flows, dimensioning the equipment correct, monitor, and communicate between the machines, robot cells and business systems. Building a model of a production flow as it is today can help optimize production output through machine utilization, changed order sequence and bottle neck analyses. Completely new scenarios of the future vision can be built up and analyzed to make the correct investment decisions, choosing the right technologies and dimensioning machines, robot cells, stock, buffers, and carrier capacity. This will be very valuable when entering the world of automated guided vehicles, AGV, which will be the next big automation step for SWEP.

Source

https://www.swep.net/company/news-and-media/news/2021/09/the-dawn-of-automation-secures-sweps-heat-transfer-advancement/

PLIBEL - A Method for Identification of Ergonomic Hazards

PLIBEL - A Method for Identification of Workplace Injury Hazards - Task Hazards
PLIBEL is a questionairre developed by Kristina Kemmlert for identification of musculoskeletal stress factors which may have injurious effects on operators or workmen. The check list examines issues related to five body regions.
1. Neck, shoulders, upper part of the back
2. Elbows, forearms, hands
3. Feet
4. Knees and hips
5. Low back
The questionairre has 17 items with some items having sub-items.
For some more details and references of Kemmlert's articles
For a filled checklist (Table B-6 and Table B-11) along with other types of evaluations for shear Operators)



Ergonomics in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review
March 2020 Journal of Dental Research and Review 7(1):32-35
DOI:10.4103/jdrr.jdrr_87_19
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340261176_Ergonomics_in_Dentistry_A_Comprehensive_Review

Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work
January 2010 Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 36(1)
DOI:10.5271/sjweh.2876
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45804550_Systematic_evaluation_of_observational_methods_assessing_biomechanical_exposures_at_work

Original knol - http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/plibel-a-method-for-identification-of/ 2utb2lsm2k7a/ 1570

Ud 11.9.2021
Pub 28.3.2012

Thursday, September 9, 2021

Productivity Engineering of Material, Work Piece and Part Handling in Machining Operations

Lesson 104 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.

Refer to Industrial Engineering Case Studies Collection for case studies and productivity engineering applications

Increasing productivity of each and every input is to be attempted by industrial engineers.

Industrial Engineering

Industrial engineering redesigns and installs engineering systems primarily. It also examines and redesigns managerial processes that impact productivity in engineering systems. Machine tools,  other machines and tools and accessories used along with the machines and machine tools are important components of engineering systems. Industrial engineers have to analyze the currently available machine tools & accessories in the market and the existing machine tools & accessories being used in the factory, plant and processes to identify more productive and profitable alternatives. F.W. Taylor advocated element level improvement in resources or inputs used in a process and operation and element level improvement in each operation. This is what Shigeo Shingo also explains as the difference between process and operation. In process analysis, you observe what are you are doing on the workpiece element by element. In operation analysis you observe each input and its activity. 

This collection offers you information on new workholding engineering improvements,  to increase productivity to help you in giving ideas and directions in searching for new workholding devices and their creative application. Engineering has to be learned from examples also. This is also termed as discovery learning. 


Case Study - Method Study - Handling Parts for Radial Drilling Machine - 2020

Download paper from
http://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIREA06026

A conveyor was proposed to reduce time and fatigue.
“Productivity Improvement For Machining Process By Using Time & Motion Study”
Ketan K. Tonpe, Ram R. Wayzode, Mahesh Makode, Saurabh Patte, Suraj Deshmukh,




Case Study - Method Study - Cast Iron Housing Loading and Unloading 2014

WORK MEASUREMENT APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT IN A HEAVY MACHINE SHOP 

Ishwar Bhiradi and B.K.Singh
5th International & 26th All India Manufacturing Technology, Design and Research Conference (AIMTDR 2014) December 12th–14th, 2014,
IIT Guwahati, Assam, India
http://www.iitg.ac.in/aimtdr2014/PROCEEDINGS/papers/570.pdf

Download the case study and go through it.

Figure 4 gives the elements in the original method.

Part: Differential Housing
Material: Cast iron Gr 25
Operation: SIDE FACE DRILLING OPERATION
Machine: 475.01(BFW-1)

Elements and Break Points

a. Pickup casting from input conveyor, place it on Hydraulic lifter.
Breakpoint: Improper tackling
b. Increase hydraulic pressure, Hydraulic lifter  lifts the component and places it on fixture
Breakpoint: Hydraulic. Oil not available.

Table 1 gives the time for each element and total operation time 6.78 minutes

In the revised procedure, the operator was asked to directly pickup and the put the casting in fixture. The hydraulic lifter mechanism was removed.
This practice is initially monitored for process
disturbances, manual fatigue conditions and quality
parameters. No changes are observed after change in
machine setup. Figure 5 gives the elements of the revised method and Table 2 gives elemental times.


The operation time got reduced to 4.16 min.


2021

Evenly Spaced Radial-Force Vectors for Superior Gripping

Get-A-Grip multi-axis workholding will not distort, deform the workpiece

AMT INNOVATIONS’ new workholding product, Get-A-Grip® has a “cutting-edge triangular dovetail” design that will not distort or deform the workpiece. The dovetail provides three, evenly spaced radial-force vectors for superior gripping. Through carefully developed triangular contact geometry, it reportedly eliminates the need for an indexing pen. The novel internal clamping geometry reduces material preparation area and can be strategically placed where the finished part may have a pocket which greatly reduces secondary operations.

Get-A-Grip “revolutionizes traditional workholding products for multi-axis CNC machining,” according to the developer. Stainless steel materials and innovative design elements bring flexibility and time-saving advantages that will result in a dramatic increase in production and profits.



Ud 9.9.2021
Pub 17.9.2020










Tuesday, September 7, 2021

Toyota - Human Resource Management and Human Effort Industrial Engineering Practices

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING is redesign (engineering) of Products, Facilities and Processes for Productivity increase.
Productivity Management Imperative for USA - McKinsey. Returning US productivity to its long-term trend of 2.2 percent annual growth would add $10 trillion in cumulative GDP over the next ten years (2023 - 2030).

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. E-Book FREE Download. 

https://academia.edu/103626052/INTRODUCTION_TO_MODERN_INDUSTRIAL_ENGINEERING_Version_3_0 


Creating Toyota cultures around the world

John Shook

Sep 6, 2021







TOYOTA KATA SUMMARY – 13 MINUTES TO FULL-ON KATA






















Saturday, September 4, 2021

Machining Cutting Temperatures Reduction - Productivity Engineering and Optimization

 Lesson 108 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.

Refer to Industrial Engineering Case Studies Collection for case studies and productivity engineering applications

Lesson 111. F.W. Taylor - Productivity Engineering of Belting - 1893

Complete analysis of the mechanics of cutting have to use temperature-dependent constitutive models of cutting conditions. Cutting temperatures increase with cutting speed. As temperature in the primary deformation zone increases,  temperature on the rake face of the tool increases and tool life decreases. At  high cutting speeds, the tool-chip interface temperature approaches the melting temperature of the work material and chip starts melting.


The rise in machining temperature is different for different materials. Cutting temperatures are higher for harder materials at the same cutting speeds. For materials of similar hardness, cutting temperatures increase with ductility.


MANAGING THERMAL LOADS IN MILLING PROCESSES

https://www.secotools.com/article/21483?language=en


Effective Ways to Reduce Heat Generation

October 25, 2018

https://www.harveyperformance.com/in-the-loupe/reduce-heat-generation/


Makino's Research and Development Work in the Area

Makino, the machine tool builder made special studies in the area of cutting temperature to use the results in productivity engineering.

2013 Cutting Speed Maximization subject to temperature constraint

In the paper "MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR CUTTING OPTIMIZATION IN HIGH-PERFORMANCE TITANIUM MACHINING" by DR. ZHIGANG WANG, SENIOR PROCESS DEVELOPMENT ENGINEER, MAKINO INC. and MARK LARSON, MANAGER OF TITANIUM PROCESS DEVELOPMENT, © 2013 Makino, Inc., the following conclusions were made.

An analytical cutting-force model for milling processes in Ti64 has been developed that provides good accuracy in predicting the cutting forces when compared to experimental cutting data.

• Numerical simulation was performed to estimate the temperature distribution at the tool/chip interface. 

Cutting speeds and radial depth of cut have more dominant effects on cutting temperatures than do feed rates.

• Average cutting temperature at the tool/chip interface was measured in experimental testing and was found to be controlled within the characteristic temperature of WC material to maintain reasonable tool life in a stable finishing operation optimized to achieve high productivity as well as long tool life.

• Physical experimentation has verified that the proposed theoretical modeling approach can achieve high-performance machining of titanium alloys.

For a test job, test cuts were conducted at 1,174 rpm (optimal according to model) to check surface finish and tool wear under actual cutting conditions.  During testing, the average temperature at the tool/chip interface reached 650°C (1202°F), below the 800°C (1472°F) critical temperature threshold, and the flank tool wear was less than 0.1 mm after 16 passes.


Makino FB127 Thermal Control Features

To ensure consistent accuracy over long cycle times, the FB127 machine is equipped with the following features:

Core-cooled ballscrews on all axes, including temperature control of the bearings support bracket area and motor mounting area, to maintain component temperatures.

Temperature control of the machine saddle and spindle carrier using oil passageways and temperature-controlled oil, ensuring tight control over saddle and carrier temperatures.

Addition of a separate oilmatic unit for tight temperature control of the machine elements.

Guideway hydraulic circuit (Nano slideway) on the X-axis to reduce friction and heat generation, yet also maintain stringent control over geometries and accuracies.

The FB127 spindle features Makino’s unique core-cooling and under-race lubrication system, minimizing thermal distortion at high spindle speeds.

https://www.makino.com/machine-technology/machines/vertical-machining-centers-3-axis/fb127


Parametric Optimization of Heat Generation during Turning Operation, 

Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, 2016;  6(5A): 117-120


Optimization of Cutting Parameters on Tool Wear, Workpiece Surface Temperature and Material Removal Rate During Turning of AISI D2 Steel
IJERT,   Volume 01, Issue 05 (July 2012)



Ud 4.9.2021
Pub 17.9.2020








TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTE OPERATIONS



Georgia Tech's goal is to become the premier technological university of the 21st Century.

We want to  transform our organizational culture, policies and processes from ones that largely are focused internally to ones that are dedicated to identifying customers, ascertaining their needs, developing processes that meet those needs, defining realizable measurements of customer satisfaction, and empowering faculty and staff to create, maintain and strengthen those processes in pursuit of continuous improvement. 



A PROPOSAL FOR THE INTEGRATION OF  TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
INTO INSTITUTE CURRICULUM, RESEARCH, AND OPERATIONS

Gilmour, Joseph E.; Amons, Jane C.

Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta.
30 Apr 92
Report



Ud 4.9.2021
Pub 6.11.2014

Thursday, September 2, 2021

IISE Course - MATERIALS HANDLING ANALYSIS

Ubiquity of Industrial Engineering Principle of  Industrial Engineering

Illustration: Google's  Engineering Productivity Department - Evolution of the Department through Automation of Testing. Emergence of Software Engineering Productivity Engineer & Specialist. 


SYSTEMATIC MATERIALS HANDLING ANALYSIS & SYSTEMATIC CONTAINER PLANNING

2 days, 1.4 CEUs

Note: This course is only offered by our qualified training provider in Turkey.


Overview

No operation can be performed without transportation! 

Materials handling methods link layout operations to a functioning manufacturing system. Depending on the nature of your facility, materials handling costs account for 10 to 30 percent of your total operating cost, which may be even higher in case of distribution facilities. Most facilities have not yet been referenced to a materials handling plan. Methods have mostly developed spontaneously or been projected by equipment suppliers and consultants. Likewise, the individuals appointed as materials handling engineer are mostly individuals without as formal education in this field. In the absence of analyses, many of them adopt the approach “me too” based on what others have done.


Our materials handling course is based on Systematic Handling Analysis (SHA), which is the most organized approach designed to analyze and evaluate materials handling methods. Developed by Richard Muther and Knut Haganas and refined through an application history of more than 40 years, Systematic Handling Analysis accompanies Systematic Layout Planning (SLP). SHA is available in printed form and is used by thousands of planners worldwide.


Our course on SHA methods give equal weight to facility and warehouse subjects. It is needed by those who have to apply the following procedures:


Replace materials handling equipment, improve or add to their specifications.

Replace materials handling methods, or evaluate alternative methods.

Reorganize for a better flow of materials and movement of products.

Reduce costs through better materials handling methods.



Topic Highlights 

  • Classify the materials
  • Analyze the moves
  • Quantified flow diagram
  • Set handling equipment and container plans and adjust
  • Evaluate alternative plans
  • Detail the selected plan


What You Will Learn 

  • To improve the performance of facility.
  • To decrease the materials handling cost.
  • To provide the flexibility, harmony and quantity incrementation.
  • To save time and prevent oversights.
  • To improve the use of space

Course Content 


Systematic Planning of Industrial Facilities

Anatomy of an industrial plant

Layout, materials handling, communications and controls, utilities, building

Systematic Materials Handling Analysis (SHA)

How to apply systematic materials handling analysis (SHA)?

Four phases of materials handling

What is materials handling?

Steps of systematic handling analysis

Key inputs

Materials Classification

Determine the characteristics of materials

Classification of materials – sample case evaluation

Materials Movement Analysis – Sample Case Evaluation


What unit do you use to measure intensity of flow?

Flow analysis: Equivalent movement multipliers

Measuring diverse material movements

Route-product movement summary

How to prepare a quantified flow diagram?

Distance-intensity diagram and what it tells to us?

Flow intensity, effort and cost

Visualization of flow and materials handling effort

How to Plan an Effective Materials Handling Method?


Methods, plans and systems

Materials handling equipment types and their uses

Elements of materials handling cost

Real-world materials handling

Materials handling equipment classified by cost data

What the distance-intensity chart tells us about handling equipment?

Selection guide of materials handling equipment by quantified flow diagram

Pick-up and set-down devices and transport units

What the distance-intensity chart tells us about layout and handling system?

Classical materials handling systems

How to decide on the handling equipment, transport unit and system?  

Case Study: Preliminary Handling Plan


Case Study: Overall Materials Handling Analysis


Developing and Evaluating Alternative Handling Plans


Evaluation of alternatives – sample case evaluation

Select the best handling plan

Detail Handling Plan and Implementation Phases


The pattern repeats

Forms of waste and relationship to material handling

Elimination of waste

Principles of lean materials handling

Basic good practices of materials handling

Implementation worksheet

Case Study: Challenging Layout Plan 


Case Study: Overall Materials Handling Analysis


Systematic Container Planning (SCP)


How to implement Systematic Container Planning (SCP)?

Framework of phases

Three fundamentals in SCP

Procedure of SCP

Material Classification – Sample Case Evaluation 


Industrial Container Types 

Functions of Industrial Containers 

Container Requirements and Guidelines – Sample Case Evaluation 


Overall Container Plan – Sample Case Evaluation

Detail Container Plan – Sample Case Evaluation 

Container Process Chart 

Wooden Pallet Designs 


Fork-liftable Container Features 

Hand-liftable Container Considerations 

Container Selection Factors 


Who will benefit:

  • Plant and Production Managers/Engineers
  • Warehouse, Distribution and Logistics Managers
  • Industrial and Process Engineers and Systems Analysts
  • Materials Handling Engineers and Equipment Suppliers
  • Technicians and Lead Operators

 

https://www.iise.org/Details.aspx?id=33490


News - Information for Material Handling and Transport Operation Analysis