Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) - Introduction

Industrial engineers can prepare better CAPP algorithms that give more-productivity process plans.

Computer Aided Industrial Engineering (CAIE)

Principles of process planning approach
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Retrieve and Vary (Modify) Approach

It is termed first as retrieval approach. It uses a group technology (GT) code to select a process plan from the existing master process plans developed for each part family manually and edits the plan to produce the additional requirements of the part to be made.  GT coding system is the basis. The parts to be produced by an organization are segmented into groups based on similarity, and each group has a master process plan. The advantages of this approach is the ease of maintenance. 

 GENERATIVE APPROACH

In this approach, a process plan for each component is created from the drawing.  These systems are designed to automatically to prioritise the features to be machined and select the most suitable process from process information stored for each process.  These systems contain the logic to use part description and manufacturing database to generate a process plan for a given part.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5lhPGL9TIk
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Automated Manufacturability Analysis - Multiple articles
https://isr.umd.edu/Labs/CIM/vm/ama/node1.html


Historical Developments, Research Papers and Books

Niebel B (1965) Mechanized process selection for planning new designs. ASME  Paper, p 737

The idea of developing a process plan using computers was first presented by Niebel  in 1965.

Harold J (1984) Computer-aided process planning: past, present and future. Int J Prod Res 22(2):253–266

The  review article on CAPP.  Discussed approaches and strategies for structuring manufacturing methods and data development for the development of a generative type-automated planning system. That article anticipated development of a “common language of geometry” to relate a part to the process. It indicated the possibility of CAD/CAM systems that incorporated CAPP.

Ham I, Lu S (1988) Computer-aided process planning: the present and the future. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 37(2):591– 601 

Ham and Lu presents an assessment of CAPP status.  

Alting L, Zhang H (1989) Computer aided process planning: the state-of-the-art survey. Int J Prod Res 27(4):553–585 

AI technologies are a crucial in the development of an effective process planning system. The

importance of the learning systems and an approach to integrate all the information involved in production of a part into a single database are discussed. 

The issue of interfacing between CAPP and CAM and related components and systems like computerized production planning, NC tool path system, MRP, production simulation, etc. is also covered.

Gouda S, Taraman K (1989) CAPP: AAST, present and future. Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn

A survey of the 128 systems of CAPP. Identifies four types of CAPP systems: variant, semi generative, generative, and expert process planning system.

ElMaraghy H (1993) Evolution and future perspectives of CAPP. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 42(2):739–751

The  survey covered the major development thrusts in CAPP, evolving trends, challenges, integration of design, and production planning.

Eversheim W, Schneewind J (1993)  Computer-aided process planning state of the art and future development. Robot Comput Integr Manuf 10(1):65–70

Eversheim and Schneewinf suggested CAPP development is to move into  assembly planning. There needs to be ntegration with NC programming, use of AI methods in decision making, and use of database sharing for data integration with CAD.

Kamrani A, Sferro P, Handelman J (1995) Critical issues in design and evaluation of computer aided process planing systems. Comput Ind Eng 29(1):619–623

The article focused on the critical issues and the characteristics associated with evaluation and selection of a CAPP system.

Leung H (1996) Annotated bibliography on computer-aided process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 12(5):309–329

The author recommended  the revitalization of variant process planning systems.

Cay F, Chassapis C (1997) An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process planning research. Comput Ind 34(3):307–337

An 8-year survey (1990– 1997). It  provides an overview of manufacturing features and feature recognition techniques within CAPP.

Marri H, Gunasekaran A, Grieve R (1998) Computer-aided process planning: a state of art. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 14(4):261–268

Covers the literature from 1989 to 1996. The advantages and disadvantages of the  generative

approach were highlighted.

Xu X, Wang L, Newman S (2011) Computer aided process planning a critical review of

recent developments and future trends. Int J Comput Integr Manuf 24(1):1–31

Article provides a  review on CAPP technologies developed for machining since the 1990s. 

Yusof Y, Latif K (2014) Survey on computer aided process planning. Int J Adv Manuf Technology DOI 10.1007/s00170-014-6073- 3

Article provides provide a survey of CAPP based on features, knowledge, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms (GA), fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, Petri nets (PN), agent, Internet, standard for the exchange of product data (STEP)-compliant method, and functional blocks (FB) method/technologies. It provides  a survey with graphical representation for understanding of the past, present, and future of CAPP .

http://engineeronadisk.com/V2/hugh_jack_phd/engineeronadisk-64.html

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-13255-3_67

12.1.2022

MACHINING PARAMETER SELECTION FOR ROUGH MACHINING OF TURNED COMPONENTS - IN COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING

M.Tech Dessertation

Sharma, Kuldeep, 1993

Abstract: Computer - Aided process Planning C CAPP) is a major interface between Computer - Aided Design (CAD) and. Computer- Aided Manufacturing (CAM leading to Computer Integrated Manufacturing C CI H). In the present work a software has been developed to select machining parameters for all the possible cutting plans for the turned component which includes the features for which planning has been done. The basic philosophy behind the approach used in the present work is that the volume of material to be removed by roughing operation can be converted into steps. This system is capable of selecting - The possible sequences of all the cutting plans for a component. - . The feed, depth of cut and cutting speed for different tool material and work material combinations Cat present H. S. S and Carbide as tool materials and Gray cast Iron and Carbon steel as work materials have been incorporated). - The machine tool depending upon the power requirement of the toughest cut. The present system generates cutting plans for turned components in which the volume to be r errtoved by roughing operation can be converted into nine steps. The generated cutting plans are evaluated on the basis of total machining time and the power as a constraint. The functioning of the software has been Civ7 ascertained by obtaining the machining parameters. Recommendations for future work have also been made art the basis of present work.

URI: http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3564

http://shodhbhagirathi.iitr.ac.in:8081/jspui/handle/123456789/3564

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) - NJIT Edu

http://archives.njit.edu/vol01/etd/1990s/1991/njit-etd1991-008/njit-etd1991-008.pdf

Computer Aided Process Planning Approach for Cost by O Al-Shebeeb ·

http://ieomsociety.org/ieomdetroit/pdfs/233.pdf

Computer aided process planning CAPP system for manufacturing using an integrated and intelligent approach

Researcher: Sharad, Deshpande Anand

Guide(s): K K, Appukuttan

University: Mangalore University

Completed Date: 30/09/2000

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/131267?mode=simple

JOHN DEERE COMPUTER-AIDED PROCESS PLANNING

(JD/CAPP)

Announcement Letter Number 290-640 dated October 2, 1990

JD/CAPP is published and licensed by Deere Tech Services, a

division of Deere Marketing Services, Inc.  IBM markets this software

through the IBM Cooperative Software Program. 

https://www.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?htmlfid=897/ENUS290-640&infotype=AN&subtype=CA&appname=skmwww

Design of Integrated Computer Aided Process Planning and Bill of Material in Industry 4.0 Environment

Rika Yunitarini* and Ernaning Widiaswanti

Informatics Engineering, Trunojoyo University, Indonesia.

E3S Web Conf.

Volume 328, 2021

International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2021

E3S Web of Conferences 328, 04025 (2021)

https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2021/104/e3sconf_icstunkhair2021_04025/e3sconf_icstunkhair2021_04025.html

Books - Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP)

Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP): 2nd Edition

Architecture Technology Corpor

Elsevier, Sep 1991 - Computers - 86 pages

Please note this is a Short Discount publication.

Process planning involves creating detailed plans of the manufacturing steps and equipment necessary to produce a finished part.

Using the variant method, CAPP groups families of parts by a structured classification and coding plan. This report summarizes the state–of–the–art and future trends in the area of CAPP.

The computer is a vital part of the process planning function, which includes two different approaches. One is called the variant (similar part) method of process planning and the other is generative (expert system–based). Both will produce similar process plans. Most computer applications, however, are of the variant type, because the software is easier to develop and new process plans are based on previous ones.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KPkgBQAAQBAJ

31st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering: ESCAPE-31

Metin Türkay, Rafiqul Gani

Elsevier, 22-Jul-2021 - Technology & Engineering - 2140 pages

The 31st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering: ESCAPE-31, Volume 50 contains the papers presented at the 31st European Symposium of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) event held in Istanbul, Turkey. It is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students and consultants in the chemical industries.

Presents findings and discussions from the 31st European Symposium of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) event.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=X48mEAAAQBAJ

Computer Aided Process and Product Engineering (CAPE)

Luis Puigjaner, Georges Heyen

John Wiley & Sons, 02-Jan-2007 - Science - 910 pages

Computer aided process engineering (CAPE) tools have been very successfully used in process design and product engineering for a long time. In particular, simulation and modelling tools have enabled engineers to analyse and understand the behaviour of selected processes prior to building actual plants.

The aim of design or retrofit of chemical processes is to produce profitably products that satisfy the societal needs, ensuring safe and reliable operation of each process, as well as minimising any effects on the environment. This involves the conceptual design or retrofit of plants and processes, novel manufacturing approaches, process/control system design interactions and operability, manufacturability, environmental and safety issues.

Backed by current studies, this 2-volume set gives a comprehensive survey of the various approaches and latest developments on the use of CAPE in the process industry.

An invaluable reference to the scientific and industrial community in the field of computer aided process and product engineering.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=aHuUohnZ0PUC

Computer-aided Assembly Planning

Alain Delchambre

Springer Science & Business Media, 06-Dec-2012 - Science - 276 pages

The assembly sector is one of the least automated in the manufacturing industry. Automation is essential if industrial companies are to be competitive in the future. In assembly, an integrated and flexible approach is needed because 75% of the applications are produced in small and medium batches. The methodologies developed in this book deal with the integration of the assembly process from the initial design of the product to its production. In such an integrated system, assembly planning is one of the most important features. A well-chosen assembly plan will reduce both the number of tool changes and the fixtures within the assembly cell. It will prevent the handling of unstable subassemblies, simplify the design of the robot grippers and reduce production costs. An automatic generator of assembly sequences can be an efficient aid to the designer. Whenever he or she modifies features of the product, the influence of these modifications can immediately be checked on the sequences. For small batch production, the automatic generation of assembly sequences is faster, more reliable and more cost-effective than manual generation. By using this latter method interesting sequences could be missed because of the combinatorial explosion of solutions. The main subjects treated in this book are as follows. 1. Presentation and classification of existing systems of automatic generation of assembly sequences. Automatic assembly planning is, indeed, a very recent research area and, in my experience, no systematic study has been carried out up to now.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rEnvCAAAQBAJ

Computer-Aided Inspection Planning: Theory and Practice

Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, Emad Abouel Nasr, Osama Abdulhameed

CRC Press, 19-Dec-2016 - Business & Economics - 366 pages

The inspection process is one of the most important steps in manufacturing industries because it safeguards high quality products and customer satisfaction. Manual inspection may not provide the desired accuracy. This book introduces and implements a new methodology and develops the supporting technologies for automated inspection planning based on Computer Aided Design (CAD) models. It also provides and implements an efficient link for automated operation based on Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The link’s output is a DMIS code programming file based on the inspection planning table that is executed on CMM.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=x5i_DQAAQBAJ

Integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM

Jianbin Xue

Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 23-Jul-2018 - Computers - 186 pages

The book introduces the fundamentals and development of Computer aided design, Computer aided process planning, and Computer aided manufacturing. The integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM, product data management and Concurrent engineering and collaborative design etc. are also illustrated in detail, which make this book be an essential reference for graduate students, scientists and practitioner in the research fields of computer sciences and engineering.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=CotsDwAAQBAJ

Advanced Computer-Aided Fixture Design

Yiming (Kevin) Rong, Samuel Huang

Elsevier, 14-Jun-2005 - Computers - 424 pages

Fixtures--the component or assembly that holds a part undergoing machining--must be designed to fit the shape of that part and the type of machining being done. This book discusses the fundamentals of Computer-Aided Fixture Design (CAFD) techniques and covers fixture planning, fixture design (both modular and dedicated fixtures), fixture design verifications, and the overall integration with CAD/CAM. The book shows how CAFD may lead to a significant reduction of product and process development time and production cost, and how CAFD can increase quality assurance through simulation and science-based technical specification and cost estimation in business quoting, especially in current supplier-based manufacturing. It also provides case study examples.

This book provides a total solution of CAFD, including planning, design, and design verification

Practical and comprehensive theoretical analysis of fixturing from real industrial application projects

Introduces the integration of fixture design and analysis with CAD/CAM so that detailed geometric information can be processed and complex fixture designs can be designed and analyzed.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5CIWc7ylwWsC