3.5.2022
A Survey on AI-Driven Digital Twins in Industry 4.0: Smart Manufacturing and Advanced Robotics
Ziqi Huang, Yang Shen, Jiayi Li, Marcel Fey, and Christian Brecher
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct; 21(19): 6340. Published online 2021 Sep 23. doi: 10.3390/s21196340
PMCID: PMC8512418PMID: 34640660
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512418/
Review of Digital Twin-based Interaction in Smart Manufacturing: Enabling Cyber-Physical Systems for Human-Machine Interaction
Jasper WilhelmORCID Icon,Christoph Petzoldt,Thies Beinke &Michael FreitagORCID Icon
Pages 1031-1048 | Received 21 Aug 2020, Accepted 25 Jul 2021, Published online: 13 Sep 2021
International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing
Volume 34, 2021 - Issue 10
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0951192X.2021.1963482
Digital Twins and Virtual Commissioning in Industry 4.0
POSTED 07/09/2019
https://www.automate.org/tech-papers/digital-twins-and-virtual-commissioning-in-industry-4-0
Digital Twins - Bibliography
CII Students Report
https://ciiscmconnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Digital-Twin-Team-Intensity.pdf
Digital Twins in Defence
https://www.qinetiq.com/-/media/fe512bcae17044cc997d779e57c8a158.ashx
7 Digital Twin Applications for Manufacturing
Mar 17, 2021
by Mark Crawford
Digital Twin Driven Smart Design
By Fei Tao, Ang Liu, Tianliang Hu
2020
Digital Twin Technology
By Zongyan Wang
Published: March 18th 2020
DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.80974
Digital Twins for Machine Tools and Machine Tool Components and Accessories
Digital Twins in Remote Labs
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HtShDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA289#v=onepage&q&f=false
Optimized Additive Manufacturing Using Digital Twins and Cyber Physical Systems
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HtShDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q&f=false
Process Parameter Monitoring Using Digital Twin
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=HtShDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74#v=onepage&q&f=false
Machine Tool: From the Digital Twin to the Cyber-Physical Systems
Mikel Armendia Aitor Alzaga Flavien Peysson Tobias Fuertjes Frédéric Cugnon Erdem Ozturk Dominik Flu
First Online: 05 January 2019
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-02203-7_1
Liu and Xu proposed a new generation of machine tools, machine-tool 4.0, cyber-physical machine tools that, apart from the CNC machine tool, include data acquisition devices, smart human–machine interfaces and a cyber twin of the machine tool.
A new application of the digital twin is “virtual commissioning” . In this case, a virtual representation of the machine is used to design, program and validate the controller. Simulation models can be used for the virtual commissioning which consists in the usage of the digital twin of a physical system to set-up the controller even before the physical system is ready for that.
The state of the art in virtual machining is presented in a recent keynote paper by Altintas.
There are two types of tool path simulation software available in the market for machining. The first type, Geometry-based simulation tools (Volumill and Vericut Optipath) can calculate material removal rate and uncut chip thickness variation along a given tool path. They cannot simulate process mechanics and dynamics, and hence, they cannot predict cutting forces, tool breakages due to high cutting forces, form errors and vibrations. The second type can simulate cutting forces. Vericut provides a force module that includes cutting force for the tool path optimization procedure. Machpro [22] can let the user learn about stability issues in addition to simulation of cutting forces.
For simulation of effect of certain process parameters, there are analytical and FEA analysis-based simulation software available on the market. Cutpro software runs analytical model for calculation of cutting forces and stability for a given set of parameters. Deform and Advantedge are FEA packages for simulation of cutting forces and temperatures in machining. These software packages cannot be used in simulation of the complete tool path for a given part.
Virtual Machine Tool
In 2005, Altintas summarized the research performed on virtual machine tool technology. Main developments in the field consist of machine tool structure kinematic (rigid body) and dynamic (FEM) analysis.
Commercial simulation packages used for machine tool structural analysis - two categories. Rigid-body simulation software (MSC ADAMS, LMS Virtual.Lab ) does not consider all the deformation and vibrational characteristics of the structural parts of complex machines. The finite element method packages (MSC Nastran, ABAQUS, SAMCEF ) are more appropriate to analyse complex compliant systems. But the simulations are time prohibitive.
Hoffmann, P., Maksoud, T. M. A.: Virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems: a review and new approaches for simplification. In: Proceedings 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2010)
Lee, C.G., Park, S.C.: Survey on the virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems. J. Comput. Des. Eng. 1(3), 213–222 (2014)
Hoffmann, P., Schumann, R., Maksoud, T.M.A., Premier, G.C.: Virtual commissioning of manufacturing systems—a review and new approaches for simplification. In: Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation (ECMS 2010), pp. 175–181. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Altintas, Y., Kersting, P., Biermann, D., Budak, E., Denkana, B., Lazoglu, I.: Virtual process systems for part machining operations. CIRP Ann. 63(2), 585–605 (2014)
Altintas, Y., Brecher, C., Weck, M., Witt, S.: Virtual machine tool. CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol. 54(2), 115–138 (2005)
Fesperman, R.R., Moylanb, S.S., Vogl, G.W., Alkan Donmez, M.: Reconfigurable data driven virtual machine tool: geometric error modeling and evaluation. CIRP J. Manufact. Sci. Technol. 10, 120–130 (2015)
Reyes-Uquillas, D.A, Yeh, S.S.: Tool holder sensor design for measuring the cutting force in CNC turning machines. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), , pp. 1218–1223, Busan (2015)
Möhring, H.-C., Wiederkehr, P., Gonzalo, O., Kolar, P.: Intelligent Fixtures for the Manufacturing of Low Rigidity Components. Lecture Notes in Production Engineering. Springer, Berlin (2018).
GEORG to unveils digital twin for its machine tools in 2019.
a specialist in machine tools and a pilot customer of Siemens, Heinrich GEORG GmbH has already implemented the digital twin in the form of Sinumerik ONE for two of its machines – the GEORG ultragrind SG2 grinding machine and the GEORG ultramill H moving column milling machine.
“The GEORG digital twin is key to the digital transformation of our machines. It allows us to simulate and test our customers’ operations in a completely virtual environment. Thanks to the interplay between the virtual and the physical machine combined with GEORG’s engineering know-how, our high-capacity machines and the new high-performance Sinumerik ONE software, our customers are sure to benefit from significant productivity gains in manufacturing."
https://mfgtechupdate.com/2019/09/georg-unveil-digital-twin-machine-tools-emo-2019/
From now on, SCHUNK is providing digital twins for tool holders
23 July, 2019
DIN 4000 is already established in the tools sector. Now comes the next step in the digitization of tool management: SCHUNK now provides the data of its standardized precision toolholders of the TENDO hydraulic expansion toolholder, TRIBOS polygonal clamping technology and SINO expansion toolholder free of charge as digital twins in a standardized format based on DIN 4000.
https://www.cnctimes.com/editorial/from-now-on-schunk-is-providing-digital-twins-for-tool-holders
VERICUT Digital Twin - CGTech Support
https://www.cgtech.co.in/digital-twin/
VERICUT User Stories
https://www.cgtech.co.in/solutions/user-stories/
Virtual machine tools and virtual machining—A technological review
Aini Abdul Kadirab Xun Xua Enrico Hämmerlea
Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
Volume 27, Issue 3, June 2011, Pages 494-508
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0736584510001481
Ud 3.5.2022, 26 May 2021
Pub 29 Feb 2020
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