Monday, May 9, 2022

Industrial Engineering Knowledge Review Notes - Narayana Rao

New: 

Industrial Engineering FREE ONLINE Course Notes - 365 Lessons





Industrial Engineering is an Engineering and Management Discipline


Industrial Engineering is an Engineering and Management Discipline with the foundation subject being Engineering. Its prime focus is engineering activity. Management two prime dimensions of performance are Effectiveness and Efficiency. Industrial Engineering is concerned with Efficiency, also referred to as Productivity,  Cost Reduction, Cost Optimization, Cost Effectiveness, and Resource Efficiency.

IE knowledge revision plan, a plan to revise the complete scope of industrial engineering was started in 2014.  In the revision essential subjects and chapters from management were  also  included along with industrial engineering techniques. Knowledge of management techniques should help industrial engineering professionals to know the importance of industrial engineering in management practice as a basic discipline and functional areas of management, to manage implementation of IE projects and IE departments and to take up line management careers at some point in their career on the way to become CEOs of the organizations.

The basic plan of the revision is that 40 articles at the rate of 2 articles per working day are to be read. That gives the flexibility to read them during the week end also it on any working day reading is skipped. The article may take around 10 minutes. Therefore on article in the morning session and one article in the evening session can be read. The basic purpose is to refresh the already known knowledge. 

Management theory clearly states that effectiveness and efficiency are two important or prime dimensions of management performance. Industrial engineering has its prime focus on efficiency and thus it provides managers with efficiency related services and makes sure that efficiency or productivity is high in organizations. In the course of pursing industrial engineering practice, some IEs may shift to full management roles in various functions if they make efforts in the meanwhile to learn additional knowledge and skills. Becoming a full manager of various departemnts can be a natural career progression for industrial engineers apart from becoming managers of IE departments, or  senior industrial engineers and growing up in the industrial engineering department up to chief industrial engineering officer of the company (CIEO). The complete set of articles included in the industrial engineering knowledge revision plan are now offered as the review notes with some modifications.

Principles of Management



Development of Management Subject. Theory of Management developed over a long a period of time with periodic quantum jumps in thinking.
Scientific Management/Shop Management - F.W. Taylor Introduction

Industrial Management and General Management - Henri Fayol
Importance of Human Relations in Management - Elton Mayo and Rothelisberger (Insights from Psychology)

Organization as a Social Group (Insights of Sociologists)
Mathematical Models and Their Optimization

Control of Variation in Inputs and Outputs (Insights from Statistics)
Systems Approach in Management

Business Conceptualization (Insights from Economics, Engineering Economics, Managerial Economics, Industrial Economics)
Peter Drucker - Business Organization - Economic Function - Social Responsibility

Global and Comparative Management
Management: Definition and Process


Process of Management
Planning: A Management Process


The Nature and Purpose of Planning - Review Notes
Objectives and Goals - Review Notes


Strategies, Policies, and Planning Premises - Review Notes
Business Firm and Society - The External Environment, Social Responsibility and Ethics - Review Notes


Decision Making - Review Notes
Summary - Principles of Planning

The Nature of Organizing - Review Notes
Departmentation in Organizations - Review Notes



Line-Staff Authority and Decentralization - Review Notes
Effective Organizing and Organizational Culture - Review Notes



Summary - Principles - Organizing
Human Resource Management and Selection




Performance Appraisal and Career Strategy
Manager and Organization Development



Summary - Principles - Staffing
Resourcing; A Function of Management


Human Factors and Motivation
Leadership - Koontz and O'Donnell - Review Notes


Supervision - Introduction - Public Administration Point of View
Committes and Group Decision Making - Review Notes

Communication - Koontz and O'Donnell - Review Notes
Summary of Principles - Directing - Leading

The System and Process of Controlling - Review Notes
Control Techniques and Information Technology

Productivity Control
Overall Control and Preventive Control - Review Notes

Summary - Principles of Controlling
Global and Comparative Management



Organizing - Global Management Issues - Review Notes
Staffing - Global Management Issues



Leading - Global Management Challenges
Controlling - Global Management Challenges - Review Notes



Management and Entrepreneurship: Science, Theory and Practice
Managerial Skills



Principles of Management - List
Principles of Management - Subject Update Articles Recent Years
Subject Update: Principles of Management



Marketing Management Revision Articles


The Marketing Concept Kotler
Marketing Strategy - Marketing Process - Kotler's Description



Scanning of Environment for Marketing Ideas and Decisions
Marketing Strategy - Differentiating and Positioning the Market Offering



Management of Marketing Department and Function
Marketing Research and Market Demand Forecasting


Consumer Behavior
Analysis of Consumer Markets


Organizational Buying Processes and Buying Behavior
Market Segmentation and Selection of Target Segments

Analyzing Competitors
Strategy of Market Leader



Marketing Strategies for Challenger Firms 
Competitive Strategies for Followers and Nichers



Managing Product Lines and Brands
Marketing Strategy for New Industry Products




Marketing Management for Service Firms
Pricing Strategy and Tactics 


Marketing Channel Management – Important Issues
Managing Wholesaling and Retailing Network

Marketing Communication: Channels and Promotion Tools
Advertising

Sales Promotion 
Marketing Public Relations


Sales Process and Sales Training
Direct Marketing




Online Marketing
Marketing and New Product Development



International and Global Marketing
Sales Force Management

Developing Enterprisewide or Company Wide Marketing Orientation
Management of Marketing Department and Function

Subject Update: Marketing Management

Operations Management


Introduction to the Field of Operations Management
Operations Strategy and Competitiveness - Review Notes

Optimizing the Use of Resources with Linear Programming




20th March - Birthday of Man of Productivity - Low Prices and High Incomes

Frederick Winslow Taylor - A Pioneer Industrial Engineer
Date of Birth: 20th March, 1856
Contribution of Taylor to Industrial Engineering
Piece Rate System (Productivity Improvement System - Elementary Rate Fixing Department - Industrial Engineering Department)
Shop Management
Scientific Management







Inventory Control - Review Notes for Chase et al.

Material Requirements Planning - Review Notes

Operations Scheduling - Review Notes


Financial Analysis - Review Notes

Operations Technology - Review Notes

Supply Chain Management


Understanding the Supply Chain
Supply Chain Performance: Achieving Strategic Fit

Supply Chain Drivers and Obstacles - Review Notes
Designing the Distribution Network in a Supply Chain


Facility Decisions: Network Design in the Supply Chain
Network Design in an Uncertain Environment


Demand Forecasting in a Supply Chain
Aggregate Planning in the Supply Chain - Review Notes

Planning Supply and Demand in the Supply Chain: Managing Predictable Variability

Managing Uncertainty in the Supply Chain: Safety Inventory
Determining Optimal Level of Product Availability

Sourcing Decisions in a Supply Chain
Transportation in the Supply Chain - Chopra and Meindl

Pricing and Revenue Management in the Supply Chain
Coordination in the Supply Chain - Review Notes


Supply Chain Industrial Engineering and Cost Reduction/Management Ideas

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2016/08/supply-chain-industrial-engineering.html


Information Technology and the Supply Chain
e-business and the Supply Chain


Financial Accounting

Industrial Engineering Proper starts from now on. Earlier we covered Principles of Management, Marketing Management, Operations Management and Supply Chain Management. Industrial Engineers provide a service to management and therefore they have to understand these management areas and have to understand opportunities in those management areas to provide industrial engineering services and add value to the value activities (value chain) of the organization.

Industrial engineering is redesign of the engineering products and processes in response to the industry data to make them more profitable and acceptable to the industry stakeholders. Cost data and human factor data are the two most used and applied data in industrial engineering. The definition of Industrial Engineering as "Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering and Human Effort Engineering" captures both these data - Cost data and Human Factor Data.

Therefore industrial engineers  have to understand the measurement of costs and their presentation in various statements and cost objectives.


Accounting: The Language of Business
Measuring Income to Assess Performance - Review Notes

Recording Transactions - Review Notes
Accrual Accounting and Financial Statements - Revision

Statement of Cash Flows - Review Notes
Accounting for Sales - Review Notes

Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold - Review Notes
Long-Lived Assets and Depreciation - Review Notes

Liabilities and Interest - Review Notes
Intercorporate Investments and Consolidations - Revision Notes

Financial Statement Analysis - Review Notes
Cost Measurement - Essential Activity of Industrial Engineering

Introduction to Cost Terms - Review Notes
Traditional Cost Objectives and Their Utility

Job Costing - Review Notes
Cost Allocation: Joint Products and By Products

Activity-Based Costing and Activity-Based Budgeting
Process Costing - Review Notes

Cost and Management Accounting and Organizational Behavior.


Both topics are of fundamental importance to Industrial Engineers. Henry Towne indicated it in 1886. Taylor followed it. Going captured it in his textbook of 1911.

The Definition "Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering and Human Effort Engineering" captures the same thought in one sentence.

Efficiency refers to the cost of designing and producing engineering goods and services. Human effort refers to human related data. Both are used by industrial engineers to redesign engineering solutions developed on the basis of  technical and scientific considerations.

Industrial engineers make the assumption of economists that commercial organizations respond to market information true by making changes to engineering designs and processes in response to market and internal factory or supply chain data.















Organizational Behavior













Great Leaders: Styles, Activities, and Skills
Principles of Innovation

Innovation - Strategic Issues and Methodology
Idea Generation in Organizations

Industrial Engineering - Introduction to  Basic Principles and Techniques


23 May 2017

Principles of Industrial Engineering Presented by Professor K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao (Author of this blog) on 23 May 2017 at the Annual Conference of Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers in Pittsburgh, USA.  Industrial Engineering is a management subject or discipline with Engineering as the foundation. Its primary application area is engineering systems. It augmented application area is any system.  INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING IS SYSTEM EFFICIENCY ENGINEERING AND HUMAN EFFORT ENGINEERING (Definition by Narayana Rao - Published in Udyog Pragati, Jounral of NITIE in 2006)

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Download full paper - Principles of Industrial Engineering

Proceedings - 2017 Industrial and Systems Engineering Conference
INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERS



Industrial Engineering Introduction
Industrial engineering Principles, Methods Tools and Techniques


Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
Pioneering Efforts of Taylor, Gilbreth and Emerson



Motion Study - Human Effort Engineering
Ergonomics - Introduction


Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements
Work Measurement



Process Industrial Engineering
Product Industrial Engineering


Plant Layout - Efficiency
Value Engineering - Introduction



Statistical Quality Control – Industrial Engineering
Inspection Methods Efficiency Engineering


Operations Research - An Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers
Engineering Economics is an Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers



Industrial Engineering and Scientific Management in Japan
Shigeo Shingo - The Japanese Industrial Engineer


System Engineering Process and Its Management
Systems Improvement Process


Systems Installation - Installing Proposed Methods
Productivity, Safety, Comfort, and Operator Health Management



Organizing for Industrial Engineering: Historical Evolution of Thinking
Current Research in IE



Managing Change in Improvement Projects - Comfort Zone to Comfort Zone
Supply Chain Cost Reduction


Total Improvement Management
Total Industrial Engineering - H. Yamashina


Industrial Engineering Economics


Industrial Engineering Economics - Important Component of Industrial Engineering
Time Value of Money - Time Value of Money Calculations


Cash Flow Estimation for Expenditure Proposals - Depreciation and Other Related Issues
Required Rate of Return - Cost of Capital  - Required Rate of Return for Investment or Expenditure Proposal..



NPV - IRR and Other Summary Project Assessment Measures
Income Expansion Projects - Cost Reduction Projects - Replacement Decisons


Present-Worth Comparisons
Rate-of-Return Calculations


Equivalent Annual-Worth Comparisons
Expected Values and Risk of Project Revenues and Costs


Ideas and Thoughts Fundamental to Industrial Engineering


Taylor's Industrial Engineering &amp


1. Taylor's Industrial Engineering

2. Industrial Engineering Described in Shop Management by F.W. Taylor

3. Time Study - Explanation by F.W. Taylor

4. Foundation of Scientific Management

5 & 6. Industrial Engineering and Productivity Improvement Described in Scientific Management by F.W. Taylor

7. Illustrations of Success of Scientific Management - - Pig Iron Handling

8. Elaborate Planning Organization - Need and Utility

9. Illustrations of Success of Scientific Management - Bricklaying Improvement by Gilbreth

10. Illustrations of Success of Scientific Management - Bicycle Balls Inspection Example

11. Scientific Management in Machine Shop

12. Machine Work Study by Taylor - Art of Metal Cutting - Important Points

13. Development of Science in Mechanic Arts

14. Study of Motives of Men

15. Scientific management in its essence

16. Role of Top Management in Implementing Scientific Management

17. Scientific Management Summarized


 Harrington Emerson - A Pioneer Industrial Engineer

 The Twelve Principles of Efficiency - Part 1

 The Twelve Principles of Efficiency - Part 2


Principles of Industrial Engineering - Taylor - Narayana Rao

Industrial engineering Principles, Methods Tools and Techniques

Industrial Engineering - The Concept - Developed by Going in 1911

Operation Study - Process Industrial Engineering by Arthur G. Anderson - 1928


Product Industrial Engineering



Product Industrial Engineering

Value Engineering - Introduction

Value Analysis and Engineering Techniques

Value Analysis: Approach and Job Plan

Knowledge Required for Value Engineering Application and Practice

Functional Analysis Systems Technique (FAST) - Value Engineering Method

Value Engineering - Examples, Cases and Benefits

Value Engineering in Construction - Structures, Roads, Bridges

Value Engineering at the Design and Development Stage - Tata Nano Example

Low Cost Materials and Processes - Information Board  - Database for Industrial Engineering and Value Engineering

Value Engineering - Bulletin - Information Board

Lean Product Development - Low Waste Product Development - Efficient Product Development

Design for Manufacturing

Design for Assembly

Target Costing and Industrial Engineering

Target Costing and Target Cost Management

Process Industrial Engineering - Process Efficiency/Productivity Improvement - Process Cost Reduction



     Process Industrial Engineering
     Machine Tool Improvement and Cutting Time Reduction

     Operation Analysis - Methods Efficiency Engineering
     Operation Analysis Sheet

    Using the Operation Analysis Sheet
    Analysis of Purpose of Operation

    Analysis of All Operations of a Process as a Step of Each Operation Analysis
    Analysis of Tolerances and Inspection Standards

    Analysis of Material in Operation Analysis
    Machines and Tools Related Methods Efficiency Analysis - Machine Work Study

    Operation Analysis of Setups
    Material Handling Analysis in Operations

    Operation Analysis - Plant Layout Analysis
    Operation Analysis - Man and Machine Activity Charts

    Operation Analysis - Analysis of Working Conditions and Method
    Operation Analysis - Common Possibilities for Operation Improvement

    Operation Analysis - Check List
    Method Study

   Principles of Methods Efficiency Engineering
   Method Study - Information Collection and Recording - Chapter Contents

Process Analysis - Questions/Check List
Installing Proposed Methods

Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange, Simplify - ECRS Method - Barnes
Process and Productivity Improvement Through Smart Machines and Smart Factories

Process and Productivity Improvement through incorporating Data Analytics
Plant Layout Analysis

Flow Process Charts - Reinterpretation of Its Purpose and Utility
Industrial Engineering of Flow Production Lines - Thought Before Taiichi Ohno and Shigeo Shingo

SMED
Poka-Yoke

Industrial Engineering - Foundation of Toyota Production System
Toyota Production System Industrial Engineering - Shigeo Shingo

Introducing and Implementing the Toyota Production System - Shiego Shingo
Seven Waste Model and Its Extensions

Industrial Engineering of Maintenance Processes
Manufacturing System Losses Idenfied in TPM Literature

Zero Defect Movement and Six Sigma Method
Process Cost Analysis - Cost Center Statement Analysis

High Productivity Through Smart Factories - Industry 4.0 - Bulletin Board
Smart Factory Implementation - Steps, Benefits, Challenges and Road Maps

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Management Process Industrial Engineering - Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYu7f6QEy1I

Management Process Industrial Engineering - Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3_FZR-KKzE

Production Technology and Product Design



Production Technology for Industrial Engineers - Knowledge Base for Industrial Engineers
Introduction - Product Design and Development

Engineering Materials for Product Design and Fabrication
Carpentry

Product Development Process
Metal Casting


Identifying Customer Needs for Product Development
Metal Forming - Hot Working - Cold Working

Product - Part Concept Generation, Selection and Testing - Product Architecture
Forging

Contents of NPTEL - Manufacturing Processes II
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105127/

Machining - Cutting Tools and Cutting Speeds

Lathe and Milling

Shaping, Planing and Slotting

Drilling, Boring, Reaming

Grinding - Surface Finishing

CNC Machines

Contents of NPTEL - Manufacturing Processes II
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112105127/

Additive Manufacturing


3D Printing - Additive Manufacturing Industrial Engineering - Productivity Science and Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/08/3d-printing-additive-manufacturing.html

Design for 3D Printing - Additive Manufacturing - Product Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/01/design-for-3d-printing-additive.html

3D Printing Materials
https://nraoetkc.blogspot.com/2012/12/3d-printing-materials.html

3D Printing - Production Applications
https://nraoetkc.blogspot.com/2015/01/3d-printing-production-applications.html

Additive Manufacturing - 3D Printing - Human Effort Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/04/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing.html


Energy Management and Energy Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/09/energy-management.html


Robots - Manufacturing Applications

Material Handling and Transport

Human Effort Industrial Engineering



1. Human Effort Industrial Engineering

We studied Taylor's Scientific Management in the introduction to industrial engineering. In Human Effort Industrial Engineering, we need to study "Motion Study" by Frank Gilbreth in full to understand the origin of the discipline.

2. MOTION STUDY - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 1
MOTION STUDY: A METHOD FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE WORKMAN
BY  FRANK B. GILBRETH

3. MOTION STUDY VARIABLES - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 2
VARIABLES

I. Variables of the Worker.
II. Variables of the Surroundings, Equipment, and Tools
III. Variables of the Motion.

MOTION STUDY VARIABLES - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 3
VARIABLES OF THE WORKER - Continued.

Variables described by Gilbreth tell us about the early scientific framework of human productivity science. We need to identify the variables that were subsequently added to this framework and scientific laws developed based on them.

4. MOTION STUDY VARIABLES - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 4
CHAPTER III - VARIABLES OF THE SURROUNDINGS


5. MOTION STUDY VARIABLES - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 5
CHAPTER IV -VARIABLES OF THE MOTION

MOTION STUDY VARIABLES - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 6
CHAPTER IV -VARIABLES OF THE MOTION - Continued


8. FUTURE WORK FOR DEVELOPING MOTION STUDY - Frank B. Gilbreth - Part 7
CHAPTER V - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF MOTION STUDY


Principles of Motion Economy
Principles of Motion Economy - More Details - R.M. Barnes

Motion Study - Human Effort Engineering
Therbligs

The Two-Handed Process Chart for Motion Study
Motion Study - Operation Analysis - Questions

Principles of Human Effort Engineering
Operator Productivity Improvement Using Appropriate Hand Tools - Introduction to Jigs and Fixtures

Ergonomics

Human Effort - Nature and Effects

Basic Ergonomic Principles
http://www.indevagroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Basic_Ergonomics_Principles.pdf

https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/handtools/workspace.html
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/ergonomics/handtools/tooldesign.html

Ergnomic Guidelines for Manual Material Handling
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-131/pdfs/2007-131.pdf


MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ASSEMBLY OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM THROUGH
ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATION: AN OVERVIEW
http://www.ijmerr.com/v2n2/ijmerr_v2n2_22.pdf

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ASSEMBLY WORKSTATION CONSIDERING ERGONOMICALLY ISSUES
Ibrahim H. Garbie
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University
http://www.usc.edu/dept/ise/caie/Checked%20Papers%20[ruhi%2012th%20sept]/word%20format%20papers/REGISTRATION%20PAID%20PAPERS%20FOR%20PROCEEDINGS/pdf/92%2015%20AN%20EXPERIMENTAL%20STUDY%20ON%20ASSEMBLY%20WORKSTATION%20CONSIDERING%20ERGONOMICALLY%20ISSUES.pdf


Human Effort Productivity Management




Taylor's Productivity Improvement and Operator Remuneration - Incentive System

Psychology Evaluation of Scientific Management by Lilian Gilbreth - 1914

People Productivity Factors - Model by R.A. Sutermeister

Improving Total Productivity - Paul Mali 1978 - Chapter Summaries

Job Evaluation
http://ie.emu.edu.tr/development/dosyalar/%7Be6F-ag1-Pre%7DJOBEV.pdf

Pay Reforms
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actemp/downloads/publications/srspaysy.pdf

Wage Incentives - Literature Review

Incentives http://iqsoft.co.in/iem/incentive%20pay%20plans.htm


Industrial Engineering Measurements and Productivity Management


Industrial Engineering (IE)

IE is better described as engineering in response to industry data to do continuous improvement of product and process designs. Industrial engineering is engineering response to measurements. Cost, resource productivity, time taken by machines and men and measurements related to human factor  are important data which find a significant role in industrial engineering. Work measurement, productivity measurement and even cost measurement were developed within industrial engineering as useful measurements in industrial engineering design.

Productivity:  Maximum output of best quality product.

Productivity Management: Planning and  Maximizing  output of best quality product.

Taylor's Productivity Improvement System in Production Shops


Frederick Taylor's  Productivity Improvement System - Part 1



The system convinces each man that it is for his permanent advantage to turn out each day the best quality and maximum quantity of work. The advantages of this system of management are : Productivity - Lower Unit Cost and Higher Wages and Incomes


The manufactures are produced cheaper under it (Productivity or Cost Reduction), while at the same time the workmen earn higher wages than are usually paid.

Productivity Measurement


Productivity Measurement

Measuring Productivity - OECD
http://www.esri.go.jp/jp/workshop/050325/050325paper06.pdf

{Productivity Measurement within a new architecture for the U.S. National Accounts: Lessons for Asia  http://www.apo-tokyo.org/files/mp_apo-keo_jorgenson_lec.pdf not available now.]

APO 2019 Productivity Data Book
https://www.apo-tokyo.org/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/APO-Productivity-Databook-2019_light.pdf


How to Measure Company Productivity using Value-added: A Focus on Pohang Steel (POSCO)
http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/marvin.lieberman/docs/Lieberman_POSCO.pdf

The productivity slump—fact or fiction: The measurement debate
August 2016
https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-productivity-slump-fact-or-fiction-the-measurement-debate/

Estimates of Industry Multifactor Productivity, 2017-18
https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/5260.0.55.002Main+Features12017-18?OpenDocument


Measuring developer productivity in 2019 for data-driven decision makers
https://www.gitclear.com/measuring_developer_productivity_a_comprehensive_guide_for_the_data_driven
By Bill Harding




Time Study - Work Measurement

F.W. Taylor - Explanation of Time Study - 1912
Time Study - Explanation by F.W. Taylor in Shop Management Paper/Book

Time Study and Work Measurement - ILO Work Study Book Explanation
Work Measurement - Nadler's Description

Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS)

Work Sampling



Optimization of Labour Productivity Using MOST Technique
https://www.pomsmeetings.org/confpapers/059/059-0058.pdf


Cost Measurement

Within the production process, productivity could not in the long run be sufficiently measured in the unit of  time. Explaining it in terms of money seemed more adequate. Standard cost calculation is therefore a technique which has been incorporated with considerable success by industrial engineers.

The Challenge of a Changing Society to Industrial Engineering, F.G. Willemze, IJPR 1982


Role of Costing and Cost Accounting in the Organization

Cost Accounting - Introduction

Job Costing - Review Notes

Process Costing - Review Notes

Cost Center Reports and Analysis

Cost Behavior Analysis and Relevant Costs Concept


Industrial Engineering Optimization

Mathematical optimization was used by F.W. Taylor. As operations research was developed and more optimization techniques were developed, industrial engineers advocated the use of them in companies to improve productivity, reduce costs, and increase profits. All industrial engineering redesigns are to be optimized and industrial engineers use various optimization techniques to optimize their engineering redesigns to increase productivity.

Complete Course in OR/Optimization -  http://orms.pef.czu.cz/


PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(from the perspective of an industrial engineer)
(From Maynard's Industrial Engineering Handbook, 5th Edition, pp. 11.27-11.44)
Jayant Rajgopal (From Rajgopal's website)


What is mathematical programming?
Examples of Mathematical Programming.


Simplex Method

Transportation Problem

Queing Models

Simulation

An Overview of Optimization Techniques for CNC Milling Machine

New Technology and Optimization of Mobile Phone Battery

Combustion Optimization in PF Boilers

Application of Optimization Techniques in the Power System Control

Industrial Engineering Statistics


F.W. Taylor himself advocated maintaining of records and data for decision making. The other industrial engineering pioneers also promoted record keeping and data analysis. As sampling based  decision making became more robust, industrial engineers promoted it as a productivity improvement initiative and imperative. One of the prominent areas of application is statistical quality control. Now six sigma, a statistics based technique is being promoted by the IE profession.

Basics of Statistics

Statistical Process Control

Evaluation Improvement of Production Productivity Performance using Statistical Process Control, Overall Equipment Efficiency, and Autonomous Maintenance,
Amir Azizi
Procedia Manufacturing
Volume 2, 2015, Pages 186-190
open access


Statistical Quality Control


Calculation of Sample Sizes in Work Measurement and Work Sampling

http://www.prenhall.com/divisions/bp/app/russellcd/PROTECT/CHAPTERS/CHAP08/HEAD06.HTM  (WorK measurement full chapter - Includes sample size calculation for time study and work sampling)


Test of Hypothesis

Test of hypothesis is to be used by industrial engineers to confirm or validate that their redesign or a process has resulted in the increase of productivity. This becomes useful when there is variation in the output from various workstations or persons.  We can also visualize activities in different places. In such case we test the hypothesis that productivity has improved in the workstations where redesign is is implemented.

HYPOTHESIS TESTING FOR THE PROCESS CAPABILITY RATIO - 2002 MS Thesis

One More presentation


Design of Experiments


Six Sigma



Application of Six Sigma

Application of Six Sigma

Application of Six Sigma

Productivity Management 

Productivity Improvement Management - Management of IE Projects, Studies, and Department


Productivity Management in Engineering Organizations - Online Book

(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S. 2019
12 October 2019


Table of Contents



1. Why Productivity Management?

2. Productivity - Basic Concepts

3. The Evolution of Productivity Management

4. Total Productivity Management

5. Functions of Productivity Management

6. Promoting Productivity Management

7. Industrial Engineering - Its Role in Productivity Improvement

8. Success Stories - Industrial Engineering, Productivity Improvement and Productivity Management


Additional Articles on Productivity Management

Total Productivity Management  - Suito Kiyoshi
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2013/08/total-productivity-management-different.html

Strategic  Total Productivity Optimization

Total Cost Industrial Engineering

Determinants of Productivity - Syverson - 2011

Don't be in a hurry - Productivity Improvement Requires Time - F.W. Taylor

Empowerment and Productivity
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/11/empowerment-and-productivity.html

Productivity Management - Books and Articles


Applied Industrial Engineering

IE in New Technologies - IE with New Technologies


Implementation of  Industrial Engineering Principles and Techniques in New Technologies (Engineering Processes) and Business Processes

1. Additive Manufacturing Productivity


Assembly Design Framework for Additive Manufacturing Based on Axiomatic Design Concept
https://www.xcdsystem.com/iise/abstract/File7673/UploadFinalPaper_2655.pdf
Yosep Oh, University at Buffalo; Sara Behdad, University at Buffalo, SUNY

Abstract:

AM productivity

According to the design for assembly (DFA) concept, design features should be integrated into a few physical parts to reduce design complexity.  However, building up a single product can have some negative effects on the AM productivity by increasing buildup time and cost. In this paper, a design framework using the assembly concept is proposed with the aim of letting the AM productivity reach an allowable level. The design framework is developed based on an Axiomatic Design (AD) approach, where AM productivity elements including buildup time, assembly time and the amount of support are considered as non-functional requirements (nFRs). The AM productivity is assessed by the Information Axiom to choose the best design. The proposed design framework can help engineers design and evaluate AM products.

Interesting references cited in the paper

* Thomas, D.S. and Gilbert, S.W., 2014, Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Additive Manufacturing - A Literature Review and Discussion, NIST.
* Oh, Y. and Behdad, S., 2016, Assembly Based Part Design to Improve the Additive Manufacturing
Productivity: Process Time, Cost and Surface Roughness, ASME IDETC, Charlotte, NC, USA.
* Zhang, Y., Bernard, A., Gupta, R.K. and Harik, R., 2014, Evaluating the Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Process Planning Perspective, Procedia CIRP, 21, 144–150.
* Thompson, M.K., 2013, Improving the Requirements Process in Axiomatic Design Theory, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 62, 115–118.


2. Biomanufacturing (Biotechnology) Productivity

Productivity in Biomanufacturing

Researchers are examining the possibility of taking  advantage of the natural differences in productivity among cells that are used in biomanufacturing. They foster mutations to create genetic variability and then use microchips to analyze the behavior of individual cells, choosing the most prolific for larger-scale production.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/424695/why-is-biomanufacturing-so-hard/
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3. Productivity and Nanotech

Productive Nanotech Systems
https://www.foresight.org/roadmaps/Nanotech_Roadmap_2007_main.pdf

Related

OSRAM Boosts LED Chip Productivity With Nanotechnology
Aug 27, 2014
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=37099.php

4. Electric Batteries and Productivity Applications


Productivity and Industrial Engineering (IE) in Battery Manufacturing
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2014/02/productivity-and-ie-in-battery.html

Nano One Enhances Pilot Productivity and Files a New Patent

Vancouver B.C. Dr. Stephen Campbell, Principal Scientist at Nano One Materials, today announced that Nano One has filed a patent related to yield improvements in its process for the manufacture of lithium metal oxide cathode materials for use in advanced lithium ion batteries.
August 2017

https://nanoone.ca/nano-one-enhances-pilot-productivity-files-new-patent/
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5. IoT and Productivity

McKinsey Global Institute Report
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: MAPPING THE VALUE BEYOND THE HYPE
JUNE 2015
You can donwload the report from the web
(Link)


How the Internet of Things will reshape future production systems
By Vineet Gupta and Rainer Ulrich
September 2017
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/how-the-internet-of-things-will-reshape-future-production-systems


6. New Technology and Equipment for Productivity

PONSSE INTRODUCES NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ERGONOMICS
Virtual reality (VR) training simulator.
http://www.ponsse.com/fr/media-archive/nouvelles/ponsse-introduces-new-technology-for-productivity-and-ergonomics

How Does Technology Affect Productivity?
Apr 9, 2014

 AIM's March 2014 Business Confidence Survey asked two questions.
1. "Has technology allowed your company to produce more goods or provide more services than a decade ago with the same or fewer employees?
2. Can you quantify the economic effect?"


62 percent of the employers who responded said "yes" to the first question.

Among them only some could quantify the benefits. The gains reported in productivity were in  the 10-25 percent range. At the limits,  one manufacturer doubled output without adding workers, and a non-profit service provider more than tripled productivity.

Regarding profit improvement, some manufacturers remarked  that productivity improvements did not strengthen their bottom lines due to downward pressure on prices.  Some  companies in services industries cited offsetting costs from new regulations.
https://blog.aimnet.org/AIM-IssueConnect/bid/103010/How-Does-Technology-Affect-Productivity

Trend 5: Technology enables greater productivity in infrastructure industry
https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2017/01/trend-5-technology-increases-productivity-risk.html
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7. Productivity in Hotels

New JW Marriott hotel rides on technology for productivity
25 March 2017

The 634-room luxury hotel has "taken the initiative to implement new technologies and processes to improve the efficiency of its operations, as well as the overall guest experience" One of the systems  is the (hotel's) use of the Knowledge Touch rostering system to better manage and allocate manpower during peak periods by analysing business volume and needs. the hotel has also adopted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to track and replace worn-out items such as linen in hotel rooms and  has freed up valuable manpower for more productive uses .
http://www.asiahoreca.com/news/1164711/new-jw-marriott-hotel-rides-on-technology-for-productivity

JW Marriott Resort Saves $100K with Push-to-Talk Tech
12/09/2010
https://hospitalitytech.com/jw-marriott-resort-saves-100k-push-talk-tech


8. Industrial Engineering with New Materials
Engineering Materials for Cost Reduction
https://www.imetllc.com/engineering-materials-for-cost-reduction/

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9. Smart Manufacturing for Electronics Products
https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/media/global/it/Siemens-PLM-Smart-manufacturing-for-electronics-wp_tcm56-57766.pdf

10. Inspection in the age of smart manufacturing
Tom Austin-Morgan, 05 November 2018
http://www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-features/technology/inspection-in-the-age-of-smart-manufacturing/192747/

Related
Smart Inspection Systems: Techniques and Applications of Intelligent Vision
Duc T. Pham, R J Alcock
Elsevier, 09-Dec-2002 - Technology & Engineering - 240 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=i7EMwG0Cqk4C


Ud. 9.5.2022

Pub 8.4.2020









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