Va to Vz - Industrial Engineers and Their Achievements - Productivity Improvement

 

Vishesh Pathak

Industrial Engineer at Gap Inc.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/vishesh-pathak/

Standard Motor Products, Lewisville, Texas

Industrial Engineer

Jan 2019 – Jan 2021

• Drive continuous improvement in a high volume, 450,000 Sq. ft. DC of an automobile (OE and Aftermarket) parts industry leader

• Assist Sr. Manager in leading value stream mapping, DC kaizen projects, lean training, daily Gemba audits as part of SPS events(CI approach by the company) with significant cost savings of $725Kfor year 2019 & $850K for 2018.

Strategic Total Productivity Optimization

Article by Mohanty

Optimize productivity of assets and processes

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00170-003-1936-z#page-1



R. Murugesh, S.R. Devadasan, P. Aravindan, R. Natarajan, (1997) "The adoption and modelling of the strategic productivity management approach in manufacturing systems", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 17 Iss: 3, pp.239 - 255
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=849030&show=pdf

An exploration on the adoption design and modelling of strategic productivity management in manufacturing enterprises

Researcher: Murugesh, R

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/108758

Strategic Transition from Efficiency to Productivity
http://blogs.gartner.com/mark_mcdonald/2010/03/08/2010-strategic-transition-from-efficiency-to-productivity/

October 2017

Extended lean toolkit for total productivity

By Matt Gentzel, Carl March, Alan Osan, and Ken Somers
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/extended-lean-toolkit-for-total-productivity


Bela Gold
Foundations of Strategic Planning for Productivity Improvement
Interfaces May/June 1985 15:15-30;

Productivity, strategy, and the CEO
Robert Janson†
National Productivity Review
Volume 3, Issue 1, pages 78–83, Winter 1983

Search for Productivity Theses in Ohio ETD Link

https://etd.ohiolink.edu/


Updated  1 November 2017,  20 November 2016,  19 August 2013

Sensors in Machine Tools and Machining Processes

Sensor-Assisted Machining - Book Chapter
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Xn9Y71zm6JAC&pg=PA229#v=onepage&q&f=false


https://www.nap.edu/download/4827


Open AccessArticle
Machined Surface Quality Monitoring Using a Wireless Sensory Tool Holder in the Machining Process
Sensors 2019, 19(8), 1847; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19081847
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/8/1847/htm


Sensor-Based Control of Cutting Tools, Machine Tools Moves From Drawing Board to Mainstream
March 30, 2018
Robert Puhr
By Robert Puhr
Contributing Editor,
SME Media
https://www.sme.org/technologies/articles/2018/march/sensor-based-control-of-cutting-tools-machine-tools-moves-from-drawing-board-to-mainstream/

Study of sensing technologies for machine tools
Makoto Fujishima(3)Katsuhiko Ohno, Shizuo Nishikawa Kimiyuki Nishimura Masataka SakamotoKengoKawai
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2016.05.005
CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology
Volume 14, August 2016, Pages 71-75
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1755581716300268

Modular CNC Design for Intelligent Machining, Part 2: Modular Integration of Sensor Based Milling Process Monitoring and Control Tasks
Y. Altintas¸, W. K. Munasinghe
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. Nov 1996, 118(4): 514-521 (8 pages)
https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/manufacturingscience/article-abstract/118/4/514/420378/Modular-CNC-Design-for-Intelligent-Machining-Part




Parts Available for Sale

Sensors - ifm India 

Case studies are available.

ifm Vietnam (Post in Industrial Engineering Jobs FaceBook Group)

https://www.ifm.com/in/en

SENSORS FOR MONITORING MACHINE TOOL SPINDLES
PCB Piezotronics
https://www.pcb.com/applications/pdm-process-monitoring/machine-tool-spindles

Updated 20 Jan 2021

Published 12 May 2020

Cutting Tool Wear and Tool Life Analysis - Industrial Engineering and Productivity Aspects

Industrial Engineering is Continuous Improvement of Processes Having Engineering Operations/Processes

Industrial engineers have to use every pathway available for productivity improvement. Industrial engineering is engineering based in operations or shop floor and it is also continuous  engineering improvement of the product and process first and then improvement of related process elements like planning, communication (information), inventory etc.

In machine shop industrial engineering or industrial engineering of machining processes and machining operations, understanding the tool wear and failure is required to determine the economical cutting speed.   Industrial engineers need to have knowledge of tool wear mechanism and ways to extend tool life with relatively minor effect on cutting speed and other cutting parameters.

Cutting Tool Wear and Tool Life

Tool wear and failure mechanisms are of great practical interest because they affect machining costs and quality. If tool life is small, tool needs to be changed many times and time is lost because of it and also tool cost increases as multiples of tool  cost of edge or tool.

Tool failure may result from wear, plastic deformation, or fracture.

Tool wear may be classified by the region of the tool affected or by the physical mechanisms that produce it.  Wear occurs on both the rake and relief faces of the tool. Flank wear results from abrasion of the cutting edge. The extent of flank wear is characterized by the average or maximum land width. After an initial wearing in period corresponding to the initial rounding of the cutting edge, flank wear increases slowly at a steady rate until a critical land width is reached, after which wear accelerates and becomes severe. Flank wear progress can be monitored in production by examining the tool or (more commonly) by tracking the change in size of the tool or machined part. The flank wear land is generally of uniform width, with thicker sections occurring near the ends. Flank wear can be minimized by increasing the abrasion resistance of the tool material and by the use of hard coatings on the tool.

Flank and crater wear are the most important and thus the most widely measured forms of tool wear. Flank wear is most commonly used for tool wear monitoring since it occurs in virtually all machining operations. Tool wear is most commonly measured by examining the wear scar on the tool using a micro scope or (less commonly) a stylus tracing instrument.

A number of standardized tool life tests have been developed to help rank the performance of cutting tool materials or the machinability of workpiece materials. These include the ISO standard tests for single-point turning , face milling, and end milling, equivalent tests defined by national standard organizations, the ASTM bar turning test, and the Volvo end milling test.

The standard tests strictly define the tool and workpiece geometries, cutting conditions, machine tool characteristics, and tool life criteria needed to construct repeatable tool life curves. They typically use a maximum average flank wear criterion to define tool life; in the ISO turning test, for example, tool life is assumed to be over when the average flank wear reaches 0.5 mm under roughing conditions.

TOOL LIFE EQUATIONS

Tool life has a strong economic impact in production operations. The development of  quantitative methods for predicting tool life has a long history and F.W. Taylor's 1907 paper's formula is the popular formula still used now.

Taylor tool life equation  relates the tool life T in minutes to the cutting speed V through an empirical tool life constant, Ct:
VT^n =  Ct
Where
T is specified in minutes
Ct  is the cutting speed which yields 1 min tool life

The exponent n determines the slope of the tool life curve  and depends primarily on the tool material; typical values are 0.1–0.17 for HSS tools, 0.2–0.25 for uncoated WC tools, 0.3 for TiC or TiN coated WC tools, 0.4 for Al2O3-coated WC tools, and 0.4–0.6 for solid ceramic tools. The constant Ct  varies widely with the tool material, work material, and tool geometry and is typically on the order of 100 m/min for rough machining of low carbon steels.

The basic Taylor equation reflects the influence of only the cutting speed on tool life. The feed rate and the depth of cut can also effect tool life. For this reason, a modified version of Taylor’s equation, called the extended Taylor equation, is often used:


A number of researchers have developed models for predicting the rate of tool wear due to specific
mechanisms.

Models have also been derived to calculate wear rates due to diffusion. The best known is Kramer and Suh model, which is applicable to WC tools used to cut steel.


TOOL FRACTURE AND EDGE CHIPPING

Tool fracture occurs when the tool is unable to support the cutting force over the tool–chip contact area. When fracture occurs near the cutting edge and results in the loss of only a small part of the tool, it is referred to as edge chipping or frittering. Chipped tools produce poor surface finishes but are often still usable. Fracture that occurs away from the cutting edge and results in the loss of a substantial portion of the tool is referred to as gross fracture or breakage; when this occurs, the tool is unusable and must be changed.

THERMAL CRACKING AND TOOL FRACTURE IN MILLING

In milling, tools are subjected to cyclic thermal and mechanical loads and may fail by mechanisms not observed in continuous cutting. Two common failure mechanisms unique to milling are thermal cracking and exit failure.

TOOL WEAR MONITORING

Tool wear is one important factor contributing to the  surface finish. In transfer line applications, worn tools are often changed on a statistical basis at a rate dictated by the shortest life expectancy for multi-tool operations. In such cases, significant useful life of the tools may be wasted and system productivity may be reduced. Alternatively, an in-process tool wear monitoring and control approach may be used to predict in-process tool wear throughout the life of specific tools. This is a common approach in aerospace machining and in CNC-based high volume production systems.

Reinforcement Learning

 

http://web.mit.edu/dimitrib/www/RLbook.html

Prof. Dimitri Bertsekas

________________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdsEtXGflZQ

_________________

https://bdtechtalks.com/2020/12/14/data-science-big-tech-companies/

https://bdtechtalks.com/2021/01/04/semi-supervised-machine-learning/

Metal Cutting Temperatures - Industrial Engineering and Productivity Aspects

Cutting Temperatures:  Lesson 54 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course

Lesson 11 of Process Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course (Module)

Introduction - Effect of Cutting Temperatures on Productivity of Machining

When metal is cut, energy is expended in deforming the chip and in overcoming friction between the tool and the workpiece. Almost all of this energy is converted to heat  and  high temperatures are produced in the deformation zones and surrounding regions of the chip, tool, and workpiece. Cutting temperatures affect machining performance. Temperatures in the primary deformation zone, where the bulk of the deformation involved in chip formation occurs, influence the mechanical properties of the work material. Complete analyses of the mechanics of cutting use temperature-dependent constitutive models.

Temperature Measurement Techniques

Tool–Work Thermocouple Method and Related Techniques

The tool–work thermocouple method was first developed in the 1920s. It uses the tool and workpiece as the elements of a thermocouple. The hot junction is the interface between the tool and the workpiece, and the cold junction is formed by the remote sections of the tool and work piece, which must be connected electrically and held at a constant reference temperature. Required insulation has to be there.

Infrared Methods

Cutting temperatures can also be estimated by measuring the infrared radiation emitted from the cutting zone.  Since reliable point sensors have been available for some time, they have been applied by a number of researchers to measure rake and relief face temperatures in both cutting and grinding

2004
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/MST-200038984

Factors Affecting Cutting Temperatures 

The process parameter with the greatest influence on cutting temperatures is the cutting speed. Increasing the cutting speed increases the rate at which energy is dissipated through plastic deformation and friction, and thus the rate of heat generation in the cutting zone. Increasing the feed rate also increases heat generation and cutting temperatures. For moderate ranges of these variables, the cutting speed has a greater influence. The tool–chip interface temperature increases with the square root of the cutting speed but the third root of the feed.

Industrial engineers are interested in increasing cutting speed, feed and depth of cut to increase productivity of machining. They have to follow the research in the area of metal cutting temperatures to identify the opportune time to increase productivity of machining. Industrial engineers also have to engage in research in each and every metal cutting variable that has an effect on metal removal rate. Number of such variables are discussed in this series of article highlighting industrial engineering and productivity aspects of metal cutting.

Problem of Thermal Expansion of Workpiece and Tool 

Thermal expansion can produce dimensional and form errors in precision machining processes. Errors can be caused by the hot chips falling and remaining on flat surfaces of the machine tool. Methods for controlling these errors, include design modifications to eliminate flat surfaces, the use of coolants to ensure chip removal, and the use of constant-temperature fluid baths to control temperatures throughout the system.  Errors result  from the conduction of cutting heat into the tool or workpiece.  The available work research indicates that the expansion of the tool generally produces more significant errors than the expansion of the workpiece. The tool temperatures are usually higher than workpiece temperatures. The thermal expansion of the tool can be reduced by using brazed or clamped, rather than bonded, cutting tools. Using toolholders cooled by cold fluids pumped through internal cooling passages is also researched and presently tool suppliers are supplying such tool holers.

The expansion of the workpiece produces  significant errors in precise hole-making processes.  Thermal errors in boring can be reduced by increasing the cutting speed, because the higher cutting speed reduces  the proportion of heat entering the workpiece. Carbide boring cutters are being  replaced by ceramic or PCBN cutters designed for use at high cutting speeds in most automotive engine boring operations to reduce thermal induced errors.   In  dry drilling applications,  the workpiece often heats up and expands. When the drill is retracted, the workpiece contracts, reducing the drilled hole diameter.  In high precision operations, for work piece cooling   cold air is used. Provision for Internal cooling of the drill is also made by some suppliers.

The thermal problems are more serious issue in grinding.

In dry cutting operations, which are now becoming popular, thermal problems are an important issue. Hard turning is often carried out with ceramic tools in dry cutting. The cutting speed is relatively low and the specific cutting energy is high and  a significant heat flux goes into the workpiece  with potential  thermal distortions.  Thermal expansion of the workpiece is also a issue in Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) techniques.

Updated on 14 January 2021

First published on 10 July 2020

Narayana Rao - 2021

 

12 January - Supply Chain Industrial Engineering Videos circulated again.

13. January - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsKJ7J_fEpc  registers 2000+ views. Posted on YouTube on 7 April 2013.

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______________________

14. Jan - Full review of important points of manufacturing strategy text book. Connection with a Toyota Industrial Engineer.

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Supply Chain Productivity Improvement - Coca Cola

Related Articles

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering and Cost Reduction/Management Ideas
Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Online Book



2019

Coca Cola South Latin BU Productivity and Technology Sr. Manager

Location:
Capital Federal, 01 - AR
Job ID:  R-36350; Time Type: Full time
Post Date: 11/26/2019 Post End Date:  11/26/2019


South Latin BU has established Increase Productivity as one of the 6 main business levers for the 2017 – 2022 Business Plan period. A Productivity vision has been set: “Pursue significant cost opportunities to support System profitability and fuel growth”, thus requiring a senior manager to take the responsibility to lead, integrate and orchestrate the activities within SLBU organizational functions together with the Bottling system that will conduce to achieve this objective. It requires the unique ability to balance supply chain processes experience, new technologies, cost control and improvement acumen and people management skills.



Maximize System-wide Supply Chain value through achieving high level of System Productivity. Lead and manage SLBU wide efforts to develop and implement the cost saving and process improvement plan, ensuring the highest level of productivity is achieved and maintained throughout the entire business along time

Lead and support bottlers on Supply Chain Transformation journey (industry 4.0, digital, e-commerce logistics, etc) to ensure a profitable and sustainable growth of a Total Beverage Company for the Business Unit and its system partners.

Constantly reassess the Supply Chain deployment and operational model in order to make effective improvements in productivity re-engineering, technological innovation, operational cost benchmarks, and performance metrics.

Develop, manage and operate an information system and data driven focus, setting priorities aligned to ongoing strategic imperatives and expected executional results.

Lead Technical Capabilities Development across the SLBU System associated with the Productivity scope.

For this role is highly required to show 10x Mindset. We are looking for someone who can Solve the Now, Explore the next and Imagine the Beyond.

KEY DUTIES/RESPONSIBILITIES:

Maximize System-wide Supply Chain value through achieving high level of System Productivity. Lead and manage SLBU wide efforts to develop and implement the cost saving and process improvement plan, ensuring the highest level of productivity is achieved and maintained thru the entire business along time.

Responsible for establishing and drive a Productivity projects pipeline, and as PMO follow-up implementation with the correspondent Directors, VPs, Project Managers on committed projects, timeframe and expected results, providing directions for fast track and assignment of resources

Lead and support bottlers on Supply Chain Transformation journey (industry 4.0, digital, e-commerce logistics, etc) to ensure a profitable and sustainable growth of a Total Beverage Company for the Business Unit and its system partners.

Responsible to lead a Productivity culture road map including a process scheme for supply chain processes

Develop and implement performance management system and routines to measure and track Productivity initiatives and savings achieved, by working cross-functional with the organization, Bottlers and Suppliers. Responsible for development of a productivity scorecard

Develop, manage and operate an information system and data driven focus, setting priorities aligned to ongoing strategic imperatives and expected executional results.

Lead Technical Capabilities Development, including the identification and implementation of best practices and common processes to ensure standardized procedures and processes across all plants, working close to Capability Development organizations in the creation of training tools and curricula’s.

D. COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITIES:

·       Company: BU President, FU GM’s, Market Development, Finance, Marketing Directors, FU’s TOM’s, Technical Area SLBU & FU’s, Company SME´s, Strategic Planning Areas, Engineering / New technologies Network TCCC / Stills Operations team / New Business Management / Technical Corporate

·       Level of Contact: BU key players (Technical area representatives, Marketing group, Market Development, Stills Team, New Businesses, Finance group, GM’s, VP’s). Technical team assigned to support.

·       Bottling System / JV’s: GM’s, Technical – Supply Chain Directors / Packaging / Quality / Engineering / Process teams related to infrastructure planning, Distribution and Logistics, Maintenance, product launching and troubleshooting support

Level of Contact: GM’s, Directors, Functional Managers

·       Partners: Equipment / Technology suppliers, third parties’ consultant, external operational support.

·       Level of Contact: GM’s, Directors, Functional Managers

ANALYSIS

The position requires deep knowledge and experience on Supply Chain and Bottler´s processes, consultant experience and ability to drive change management. Good people management skills to drive initiatives implementation and influence senior management to act as sponsors of Productivity efforts

·       Work requires the identification and resolution of important and complex strategic and operating problems requiring extensive cross-functional to develop robust, innovative and long-term solutions.

·       Inspire, influence bottlers and strategic partners to achieve their commitment to evolve and implement Productivity initiatives, Infrastructure Master Plans and Technical Solutions.

·       Achieve Bottlers engagement to set and implement Capacity growth plans as needed by BU strategy and goals.

·       Close coordinated routines with bottlers. Develop process and procedures for technical evolution of the Still beverages business. Assist and foster the best way to collaborative use of available Supply Chain resources. Evaluate and recommend equipment, process and procedures required for new products. Lead bottlers and associates to develop technical capabilities needed to deliver the expected BP results. Capacity and infrastructure analysis and plans to fulfill product demand

·       Curious approach to get updated information of new technologies, to learn different ways of doing things getting input from other industries, to bring external input from consultants, start-ups or other sources that will enrich the Productivity pipeline

JUDGMENT AND DECISION MAKING:

Establish objectives and plans for own area of responsibility, with broad latitude for decision making. Performance is reviewed based on progress made and goals achieved.

·       Strategic and Operational decisions regarding the Logistic Infrastructure, technology and practices in the System.

·       Operational recommendations to Bottler’s / JV’s on productivity / technology projects related to Quality, Food Safety, Design, Efficiencies, etc.

·       Annual Business Plan involvement is very high for development and execution of initiatives and plans to support Assets management, Capacity Planning, Product Availability

·       Strong recommendations on timely investment on related infrastructure, at Bottler/JV’s and supplier facilities.

G. INNOVATION: Indicate this job's responsibility for new processes, systems, or products.

·       Innovation focused on new processes, technologies, systems and business approaches to be applied for Productivity solutions,

·       The responsibility moves from determining the gap and opportunity, looking for alternative technical solutions that could lead to innovative solutions available in the industry, evaluate the solution with suppliers and Bottler, develop Business Case and support and monitor implementation in the Bottler to ensure a successful start-up

·       Search for new ideas and “search & re-apply” thru networking (suppliers, Corporate, SME´s , others)

SUPERVISORY RESPONSIBILITIES:

·       Initially will not have direct reports. Nevertheless, due to the need of running several projects at the same time it is required to coordinate and distribute roles and responsibilities using matrix organization structure. There is also a need to include and manage many Consultants for specific projects.

·       In most of the projects and initiatives it is common to work with a team of Bottlers managers and subject matter experts. The scope includes to Assess, Communicate, Design, Implementation and follow-up of projects.

·       Support hiring, training, defining objectives, assigning work, monitoring policies accomplishments, developing capabilities & competencies, assessing and rating performance.

·       Influence and being a respected team player or leader on interdisciplinary projects with Bottlers.

·       Close and aligned working relations with Technical Operations director and managers to achieve results.

Technical Qualifications:

·       Supply Chain: knowledge and experienced in supply chain processes and the interrelationship between these processes. Ability to manage and execute strategies across the supply chain to reduce costs and drive customer satisfaction. Knowledge on Industry 4.0

·       Understanding of the beverage business and Coca-Cola System.

·       Information Systems: knowledge and use of existing Information Systems. Ability to access, analyse and utilize information in a manner that adds value to the organization.

·       Finance and cost control. Ability to understand costs/benefits of different alternatives solutions. Knowledge of supply chain integration, and logistics network designs and management best practices.

Advanced project management skills

RELATED EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS/ QUALIFICATIONS

·       Requires 5 up to 7 years in Supply Chain managerial position, project management and processes improvement

·       Experience in international process improvement service provider is a plus

·       Capability building, training programs and international networking for improvement

·       Strong written and communicational skills

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

University/Advanced degree

Postgraduate / Master’s degree may be considered for potential future roles.

Spanish fluent & English intermediate

Travel Requirements

Travel time 40 %, mainly across the Business Unit countries.

https://www.coca-colacompany.com/careers?job=/ShowJob/JobId/1551/SLBU-Productivity-and-Technology-Sr.-Manager

___________________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsKJ7J_fEpc

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Productivity and IE in Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing

2021 Update

Technologies  and Processes

Automation & Integration - CAM Packaging Systems provides new and used equipment for:

Counting & Weighing

Pre-Made Bagging Systems

Vertical Form Fill and Seal Systems

Powder Packaging Systems

Flow Wrapping

E-Commerce Solutions

Sorting Systems

Pick and Place Solutions

Cartonning

Case Forming

Case Packing

Shrink Wrapping

Poly-Bagging / Paper Wrapping

Stretch Wrapping equipment

We supply stand alone “off the shelf” solutions as well as high speed integrated equipment.

https://cam-systems.ca/about/automation-integration/

HOW DOES BREAKFAST CEREAL PRODUCTION LINE WORK?

https://www.clextral.com/technologies-and-lines/line-food/cereal-snack-production-lines/

A Guide on the Production and Processing of Breakfast Cereals

https://cablevey.com/a-guide-on-the-production-and-processing-of-breakfast-cereals/

Technologies and Equipment Involved in Breakfast Cereal Production and Processing

https://cablevey.com/technologies-and-equipment-involved-in-breakfast-cereal-production-and-processing/

According to the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), the U.S. now produces 40 percent more factory output than 20 years ago — all with five million fewer workers.

Advances In Technology Are Helping The Manufacturing Industry Thrive

Mar 6th, 2018

https://www.manufacturing.net/operations/article/13228089/advances-in-technology-are-helping-the-manufacturing-industry-thrive

Food Manufacturing Productivity and Its Economic Implications

https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33557/files/tb031905.pdf

Food Manufacturing Productivity  - USDA ERS

https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/47433/54032_tb1905appa.pdf?v=42298

Food product innovation - Food and Agriculture Organization

http://www.fao.org/3/j7193e/j7193e.pdf

Productivity Growth in the US Food and Kindred Products

https://www.eng.auth.gr/mattas/4_2_6.pdf

https://www.bakeryandsnacks.com/Article/2013/03/07/Coriolis-millions-wasted-on-badly-planned-automation

Productivity and cost competitiveness of Canadian food processing

https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/83l/831/items/1.0086517

https://foodmag.com.au/all-articles/page/272/

https://www.provisioneronline.com/articles/105570-free-guides-help-to-increase-food-manufacturing-productivity-compliance

https://www.manufacturingmanagement.co.uk/news?page=964

TRANSFORMING ENERGY PRODUCTIVITY

https://www.2xep.org.au/files/pdf/A2EP%20Transforming%20EP%20in%20Manufacturing%20Final.pdf

2020 Papers and Articles

Assessment of overall equipment effec tiveness, efficiency and energy consumption of breakfast cereal.

http://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/22111/1/MAhmed_IPFinal.pdf

The Rise and Fall of Nations - LargePDF

https://file1.largepdf.com/file/2020/04/18/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Nations_-_Ruchir_Sharma.pdf

----------------------------

2014

Improving Productivity in Canada’s Food Processing Sector through Greater Scale
2012
http://www.competeprosper.ca/uploads/Scale_and_Productivity_FINAL_Report.pdf

BREAKFAST CEREALS PRODUCTION LINES
http://www.clextral.com/technologies-and-lines/line-food/cereal-snack-production-lines/

Lombard provides £2m funding to boost productivity.
The investment in the new equipment cut  two days off the overall production process. ,
The increased automation of the plant has enabled Bokomo to reduce overheads by cutting down on agency manpower.
http://www.lombard.co.uk/pdf/news/bokomo-case-study.pdf


Increase in productivity of printing of packages in breakfast cereal mfg.
http://global.videojet.com/content/dam/pdf/NA%20-%20English/CS-Bokomo-Foods_US.pdf

Green Productivity - Productivity Science

This is Post Number 1950 of this blog.

“Productivity science is scientific effort, that in any specific work situation, identifies the appropriate philosophy, culture, systems, processes, technology, methods and human physical action and behavior and elements of each of them of that will maximize positive (social, environmental and economic) outcomes relative to the resources consumed.” - Narayana Rao (IISE 2020 Annual Conference Proceedings)

Philosophy, Theory and Science of Green Productivity

The Concept of Productivity and the Aim of National Productivity Agencies - 1959

In "The Concept of Productivity and the Aim of National Productivity Agencies" formulated in
Rome in 1959 the Productivity Committee of the European Productivity Agency defined productivity as follows:

"Productivity is above all a state of mind. It is an attitude that seeks the continuous improvement
of what exists. It is a conviction that one can do better today than yesterday and that tomorrow
will be better than today. Furthermore it requires constant efforts to adapt economic activities to ever-changing conditions and the application of new theories and methods. It is a firm belief in the progress of humanity."

Comment: Would have been better if the term "productivity attitude" was used.


Green Productivity starts with an intellectual  dare – to shift from a monochrome bottom line
to a more colourful triple bottom line.

Essentially the practice of Green Productivity results in using material resources and energy
more efficiently and sustainably - doing better with less. We know spurring innovation for
products and services enhances economic development, therefore greening innovative minds
enables development with less risk of socio-economic and environmental degradation.


Green Productivity starts as a strategy for enhancing productivity and environmental performance for overall socio-economic development. It is the application of appropriate productivity and environmental management tools, techniques, and technologies to reduce the environmental impact of an organization's activities, goods and services.

In its formal definition, Green Productivity uses three terms and phrases:
- strategy
- productivity and environmental performance
- socio-economic development

Green Productivity Management

Green Productivity follows through on the strategic framework by seeking technical and
managerial interventions, based on the concept of continual improvement.


The central concept of Green Productivity is that substances should not be produced faster than they can be reintegrated into cycles of nature. In reality, there is no such thing as "away", energy is neither created nor destroyed, it just changes form. Therefore it is important to optimize the use of the mate rials and energy to obtain full value of one's efforts and investment.


Mohanty, R. and Deshmukh, S. (1999), "Managing green productivity: a case study", Work Study, Vol. 48 No. 5, pp. 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1108/00438029910279402

Productivity is concerned with the effective and efficient transformation of resources into desired outputs.  effect on organisational profit but not on its harmful environmental effects. Pressures are rising to establish “green manufacturing” processes, and this can be taken as an effectiveness issue. . “Green manufacturing” implies the minimisation of (especially harmful) waste. The paper introduces a particular approach to green productivity addressing the concept of “wastivity” (a variation on productivity that involves the identification of both “structural” and operational waste) and describes a case study in an Indian manufacturing organisation at which the approach was used.
https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/00438029910279402/full/html

2019

The Role of Green Attributes in Production Processes as Well as Their Impact on Operational, Commercial, and Economic Benefits
José Roberto Mendoza-Fong 1 , Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz 2 , José Roberto Díaz-Reza 1 ,
Emilio Jiménez-Macías 3 and Julio Blanco-Fernández 4,*
1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez,
Ciudad Juarez 32310, Mexico;
2 Department Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez,
Ciudad Juarez 32310,
3 Department Electrical Engineering, Universidad de La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain;
4 Department Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain

Journal:  Sustainability, 2019, 11, 1294; doi:10.3390/su11051294

Green Attributes in  Production Process

The attributes before production (ABP) are those attributes detected before starting the production
process.  They are related to the  organization, business model, product design,  process plan, production facilities, suppliers,  programs for the use and preservation of natural resources. 

Attributes during production process (ADP) are present in the production process during operation of the production process. They include reduction of emissions, clean production process, use of green
technologies, use of alternative or sustainable energies, green practices in productive processes, and the implementation of new technologies.

These attributes are essential and an opportunity for companies to maximize performance, quality, and profits from their production processes.

Based on literature review, 24 attributes have been found by the authors.


Attributes before the process:
• There are programs for the use and preservation of natural resources
 • Green purchases
• There is an environmental certification or ISO 14001
• Green process design
• Environmental collaboration with suppliers
• Eco-business models
• Use of environmentally friendly raw materials
• Selection of green suppliers
• Green product design
• Green practices in provisioning .



Attributes during the process:
• Reduction of emissions towards the environment
• Lean manufacturing tools are implemented
• There is a clean production process
• Green technologies implementation
• Use of alternative or sustainable energies
• Damage towards the environment is reduced
• Green practices in productive processes
• New technologies implementation
• TQM philosophy implementation
• Green labeling or eco-labeling
• Remanufacturing of products
• Green practices in the distribution system
• Social responsibility




Conclusions of the research are as follows:

H1: There is enough statistical evidence to declare that Attributes before and during a Green
Manufacturing Process have a direct and positive effect on the Operating Benefits obtained by
implementing GM practices.
H2: There is enough statistical evidence to declare that Attributes before and during a Green
Manufacturing Process have a direct and positive effect on the Commercial Benefits obtained by
implementing GM practices in the production process,
H3: There is enough statistical evidence to declare that Operating Benefits have a direct and
positive effect on the Commercial Benefits obtained by implementing GM practices in the production
lines,
H4: There is enough statistical evidence to declare that Operating Benefits have a direct and
positive effect on the Economic Benefits obtained by implementing a GM process,
H5: There is enough statistical evidence to declare that Commercial Benefits have a direct and
positive effect on the Economic Benefits obtained by implementing a GM process,

Comments: The paper is interesting. But its attributes are not properly classified. Attributes during the process have to refer to actually things which are done during process or done after the process based on process data.
.

24 Jan 2021

https://www.americanmachinist.com/news/article/21153136/100-sustainable-fuels-for-all-jets-by-2030-boeing

Productivity Science - Research Project - Causal Explanation for Productivity

“Productivity science is scientific effort, that in any specific work situation, identifies the appropriate philosophy, culture, systems, processes, technology, methods and human physical action and behavior and elements of each of them of that will maximize positive (social, environmental and economic) outcomes relative to the resources consumed.” - Narayana Rao (IISE 2020 Annual Conference  Proceedings)

Project started on 3 August 2017

The research project is exploring the research conducted so far in the industrial engineering field to identify research papers and theses (dissertations) that developed or tested causal explanation theories, propositions or hypotheses and consolidate them into a framework. The research is furthering the principles of industrial engineering proposed by Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao (Part of the Proceedings of IISE 2017 Annual Conference at Pittsburgh)


______________________


______________________

The functions of industrial engineering

______________________

Research in Industrial Engineering can be related to productivity science, productivity engineering or productivity management. The basic research in industrial engineering has to aim of creating productivity science. The science in turn is converted into productivity engineering or productivity management. Productivity engineering is using technical knowledge to redesign products and processes. Productivity management is redesign of managerial processes to enhance productivity and planning and execution of productivity improvement strategies, plans, programs and projects.
______________________

Productivity - Definition and Explanation

Productivity is proper and rational use of resources. Productivity is measured as quality (effective or useful) output per unit of single input or unit of multiple inputs.

When productivity is increased either inputs used will come down for the same output or output will increase for the same input.  In terms of cost, for the same amount of input more output will come, hence unit cost of production will come down. Similarly, for the same output, input will come down, and hence unit cost will come down.

Organization of Productivity Science Theory

1. Productivity of Systems

2. Productivity of Systems - Global, National, Sectoral, Industry, Regional and Firm Levels.

3. Productivity of Resources - Machines and Equipment ( Production machines, Transport equipment, Material Handling equipment, Inspection equipment, Computing facilities, etc. ), Material, Energy, Manpower (Managers, supervisors, operators, knowledge workers), Land, Buildings, Utilities (Water, Compressed air etc.)

4. Productivity of Engineering Processes - Production, Inspection, Material handling, Maintenance, Design, Research and Development, Information processing,

5. Productivity of Different Engineering Branches-Related Technologies

Mechanical engineering

- Automobile - Development, Design, Production, and Servicing

- Machine Tools

- Boilers

- Robotics

- 3D Printers

Civil engineering

- Construction of Buildings

- Construction of Dams

- Construction of Roads

Metallurgical engineering

Mining engineering

Electrical engineering

- Generation of Power

- Distribution of Power

Electronics engineering

Communications engineering

Software engineering

- Data Analytics and Productivity
- IoT and Productivity
- Programmer productivity
- Data Center Productivity

Biotech Engineering

New Technologies

Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 - IIoT Technology - Industrial Engineering - Productivity Science
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-technology-industrial.html

Industry 4.0 - IIoT - Productivity Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-productivity.html

Industry 4.0 - IIoT - Productivity Management
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-productivity-management.html

6. Productivity of Non-engineering Processes

Hospital Productivity

7. Productivity Science - Theories from Other Disciplines

Economics

Management

Organizational Behavior

Psychology

Sociology


In each area, seminal papers that discovered causal variables that affect productivity will be identified and the subsequent publications that extended the area will be listed. Any literature survey published on the issue will be specially highlighted. An attempt will be made to summarize and present the status of the theory on the area.

Suggestions are Invited

Please help in making the research project effective and useful.

Suggestions are invited for modifying the research proposal to make the research project more effective.

Suggestions are also invited for inclusion of papers in each topic. What are the seminal papers in each topic?

Project started on 3 August 2017

Research Papers and Articles Collected So Far

The articles collected so far are listed in the individual blog posts.

Organization of Productivity Science Theory

1. Productivity of Systems

General - System Level Productivity Science

2. Productivity of Systems - Global, National, Sectoral, Industry, Regional and Firm Levels.

3. Productivity of Resources - Machines and Equipment ( Production machines, Transport equipment, Material Handling equipment, Inspection equipment, Computing facilities, etc. ), Material, Energy, Manpower (Managers, supervisors, operators, knowledge workers), Land, Buildings, Utilities (Water, Compressed air etc.)

4. Productivity of Engineering Processes - Production, Inspection, Material handling, Maintenance, Design, Research and Development, Information processing,

5. Productivity of Different Engineering Branches-Related Technologies

Mechanical engineering

- Automobile - Development, Design, Production, and Servicing

- Machine Tools

- Boilers

- Robotics
Robots and Cost Reduction - Price and Cost Reduction of Robots

- 3D Printers
3D Printing - Additive Manufacturing - Productivity Science and Engineering

Civil engineering

- Construction of Buildings

- Construction of Dams

- Construction of Roads

Metallurgical engineering

Mining engineering

Electrical engineering

- Generation of Power

- Distribution of Power

Electronics engineering

Communications engineering

Software engineering

- Data Analytics and Productivity
- IoT and Productivity
- Programmer productivity
- Data Center Productivity

Biotech Engineering

New Technologies

Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 - IIoT Technology - Industrial Engineering - Productivity Science
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-technology-industrial.html

Industry 4.0 - IIoT - Productivity Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-productivity.html

Industry 4.0 - IIoT - Productivity Management
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/12/industry-40-iiot-productivity-management.html

6. Productivity of Non-engineering Processes

Hospital Productivity

7. Productivity Science - Theories from Other Disciplines

Economics

Management

Organizational Behavior

Psychology

Sociology


Updated 9 Jan 2021,   10 January 2018,  20 December 2017, 3 August 2017

Philosophy of Productivity Science

We need to think of 'Philosophy of Productivity Science.' That may help us in orderly development of productivity science.

What will be the content of Philosophy of Productivity Science?

A good discussion on the role of philosophy in empirical sciences.

Philosophers are not empirical researchers, and  they are not formal theory-builders.  So what is their role in developing philosophy of various empirical sciences? Their roles are:

First, philosophers are well prepared to examine the logical and rational features of an empirical discipline.  How do theoretical claims in the discipline relate to empirical evidence?  How do pragmatic features of theories such as simplicity, ease of computation, and the like, play a role in the rational appraisal of a theory?  How do presuppositions and traditions of research serve to structure the forward development of the theories and hypotheses of the discipline?  

Second, philosophers are well equipped to consider topics having to do with the concepts and theories that economists (in general empirical scientists) employ—for example in the case of economics, economic rationality, Nash equilibrium, perfect competition, transaction costs, or asymmetric information.  Philosophers can offer useful analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of such concepts and theories—thereby helping practicing scientists to further refine the theoretical foundations of their discipline.  In this role the philosopher serves as a conceptual clarifier for the discipline, working in partnership with the practitioners to bring about more successful  theories and explanations.

So the philosopher is described as having the role of an underlaborer of the scientists.   But in fact, the line between criticism and theory formation is not a sharp one.   Philosophical expertise can facilitate significant substantive progress with regard to important theoretical or empirical problems within the disciplines.

 In order to accomplish these goals, the philosopher of an empirical science must attain a professional and rigorous understanding of the discipline as it currently exists.  The most valuable work in the philosophy of any science proceeds from the basis of significant expertise on the part of the philosopher about the best practice in that discipline, contemporary debates, and future challenges of the discipline.  Only through such acquaintance will the philosopher succeed in raising topics that genuinely engage with important issues in the profession.

Adopted from 

http://www-personal.umd.umich.edu/~delittle/Encyclopedia%20entries/Philosophy%20of%20Economics.htm



Productivity Science - One Explanation

Productivity science is thus an approach to productivity measurement , analysis and improvement that attempts, in any specific situation, to identify the appropriate philosophy, culture, systems, processes, technology and methods that will maximize positive (social, environmental and economic) outcomes relative to the resources consumed.

“Productivity science is scientific effort, that in any specific work situation, identifies the appropriate philosophy, culture, systems, processes, technology, methods and human physical action and behavior and elements of each of them of that will maximize positive (social, environmental and economic) outcomes relative to the resources consumed.” - Narayana Rao (IISE 2020 Annual Conference Proceedings)


Updated on 9 January 2021, 1 January 2020
24 June 2019

HOW CAN I HELP INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS TO PERFORM BETTER AS CONSULTANTS OR EXECUTIVES.

Eagerness to exploit engineering & technology developments to increase productivity = Industrial Engineering.

Industrial engineering improves machine effort and human effort in the activities or operations:

PROCESSING - INSPECTION - TRANSPORT - STORAGE - DELAYS in Engineering Processes.

PROCESSING - INSPECTION - TRANSPORT - STORAGE have engineering elements, information elements, machine effort elements, human effort elements, and managerial elements.

DELAYS are mainly due to planning and control issues, attitudes of managers and operators, breakdowns, defects etc. Toyota has done good industrial engineering in this area.

HOW CAN I HELP INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS TO PERFORM BETTER AS CONSULTANTS OR EXECUTIVES.

To add value to organizations, consumers, fellow employees and supply chain partners.

Industrial Engineering Information Boards: 

• Developments in Engineering, 
• Developments in Industrial Engineering and Productivity Management.
• Productivity Improvement News and Case Studies. 

2021 Machine Shop Engineering & Technology - Productivity Improvement & Cost Reduction News

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2021/01/2021-machine-shop-engineering.html

2020 Machine Shop Engineering & Technology and Cost Reduction News

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/05/2020-machine-shop-cost-reduction-news.html

Productivity and Industrial Engineering News - Bulletin Board

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2016/06/productivity-and-industrial-engineering.html

Industrial Engineering Case Studies - Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/06/industrial-engineering-case-studies.html

Industrial Engineering Online Course

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/05/industrial-engineering-online-course.html

Handbook of Industrial Engineering.

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/05/knol-handbook-of-industrial-engineering.html

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE CENTER

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com

Taylor - Narayana Rao Principles of Industrial Engineering - IISE 2017 Pittsburgh Conference Presentation

________________

________________

Functions of Industrial Engineering - Video

______________

______________

More Information Boards

Engineering Information Boards 

Each engineering and technology development has to be assessed for its utility to increase productivity in the processes of the organization. This is forward thinking in industrial engineering. Backward thinking takes when a process is systematically analyzed to increase productivity.

Milling - Machining Elements for Productivity Analysis

News and Information to Facilitate Productivity Analysis of Machining Elements in Milling

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/03/milling-machining-elements-for.html

Drilling

2011 - 2020 Drilling Operation Elements - News and Information for Industrial Engineering

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/03/drilling-operation-elements-news-and.html

2000-2010 Drilling Operation Elements - News and Information for Industrial Engineering

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/03/2000-2010-drilling-operation-elements.html

1991-2000 Drilling Operation Elements - News and Information for Industrial Engineering

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/03/1991-2000-drilling-operation-elements.html

Grinding - Productivity Science and Productivity Engineering - Opportunities for 2020 and Beyond

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/01/grinding-productivity-science-and.html

Grinding - Engineering News - Bibliography

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/02/grinding-engineering-news-bibliography.html

Grinding Engineering News - Details

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/02/grinding-engineering-news-details.html

Mechanical Engineering Elements News 2020 - Monitor for Industrial Engineers

https://nraoetkc.blogspot.com/2020/01/mechanical-engineering-news-2020.html

Keywords Related to the Blog

#IndustrialEngineering #Machine #ProcessIE #Productivity 

#processchart #ASME #Gilbreth #ProfNRao

#CostReduction #ProfitEngineering #ProsperityEngineering

#ProcessIE  #ProductIE, HumanEffortIE  #FacilitiesIE, InspectionIE, WarehouseIE  

Sheet Metal Forming - Bibliography

 

Google Books

Modelling and Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Processes

Marta C. Oliveira, José Valdemar Fernandes

MDPI, 22-Apr-2020 - Technology & Engineering - 254 pages

The numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes has become an indispensable tool for the design of components and their forming processes. This role was attained due to the huge impact in reducing time to market and the cost of developing new components in industries ranging from automotive to packing, as well as enabling an improved understanding of the deformation mechanisms and their interaction with process parameters. Despite being a consolidated tool, its potential for application continues to be discovered with the continuous need to simulate more complex processes, including the integration of the various processes involved in the production of a sheet metal component and the analysis of in-service behavior. The quest for more robust and sustainable processes has also changed its deterministic character into stochastic to be able to consider the scatter in mechanical properties induced by previous manufacturing processes. Faced with these challenges, this Special Issue presents scientific advances in the development of numerical tools that improve the prediction results for conventional forming process, enable the development of new forming processes, or contribute to the integration of several manufacturing processes, highlighting the growing multidisciplinary characteristic of this field.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=WizeDwAAQBAJ

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=WizeDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover

Mechanical design for electronics product-Sheet metal

Jerry Wang, 25-Oct-2019 - Technology & Engineering - 17 pages

Design guide for sheet metal parts in electronics product

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=peu4DwAAQBAJ

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=peu4DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover

Sheet Metal Shaping: Tools, Skills, and Projects

Ed Barr

Motorbooks, 21-May-2019 - Transportation - 240 pages

Whether you want to create custom or replacement parts or build an entire automobile body, this metalworking course for gearheads from best-selling automotive restoration author and professor Ed Barr will take you as far as your interests reach. Barr demystifies this seemingly black art with information on tools and basic skills and 14 customizable projects, fully illustrated with step-by-step color photography.

First, you'll learn how to assemble your ideal toolkit, as well as how to build a power hammer and an English wheel. In the process, Barr will help you make informed choices based on available space and budget. Once you're all set up, he addresses the concepts of shape and form.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FsGWDwAAQBAJ

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=FsGWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover

Sheet Metal Worker: Question Answers MCQ

Manoj Dole, 13-Dec-2018 - Technology & Engineering

Sheet Metal Worker is a simple e-Book for ITI Engineering Course Sheet Metal Worker, Sem- 1 & 2, Revised Syllabus in 2018, It contains objective questions with underlined & bold correct answers MCQ covering all topics including all about sheet of required type, thickness (gauge) and size, scriber, square, divider, steel rule, Shears or bends, machine or hand shear, bending, seaming, forming, riveting, using mallets, hammers, formers, sets, stakes, shearing, bending, beading, channelling , circle cutting, MS pipe joints by Gas welding, soldering, brazing operations on sheet metal, Arc welding, Gas welding TIG welding& MIG welding and Spot welding on sheet metals, ducts, cabins & panels, Aluminium frame works, work of mudguard, Radiators, sheet metals such as tin, copper, brass and lots more.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pcV-DwAAQBAJ

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pcV-DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3YV7DwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwBnoECC8QAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=nqcyDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwCHoECDIQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=AvuODgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwC3oECDcQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=1KplDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwDHoECDkQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxxLDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwDXoECDsQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZJ9wCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwEHoECD8QAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4wU8CgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwEnoECEIQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ojKCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT206&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwFXoECEgQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0Sq8BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwMXoECEwQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=boE573NdPmQC&pg=PA4&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwOnoECDEQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9Mb3swEACAAJ&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwPHoECAsQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qmQZxO3G_bEC&pg=PA44&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwRnoECCUQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rbTxcQNw_lMC&pg=PA5&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwS3oECC0QAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rbTxcQNw_lMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwV3oECBoQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=5NgzTnn0N-0C&pg=PA4&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiDqpqL_oruAhUIILcAHYFUAcQQ6AEwWHoECBEQAg

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Jh4JlZpVPkC&pg=PR6&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATABegQIBhAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VNkYsvPwwq8C&pg=RA15-PA3&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAIegQILxAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=sg0GgoxI_qAC&pg=PA2&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATALegQINhAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ebenCwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAMegQIORAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=vNNYJJa--OoC&pg=PA573&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAOegQIOxAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e-WMObwib4EC&pg=PR17&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAPegQIPBAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=9LCEe_BUd5gC&pg=PA195&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAYegQIShAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jsFkpWE5YacC&pg=PA108&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAeegQIURAC

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ElFiRxC3ANoC&pg=PA169&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATAyegQIWBAC

Die Design

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=e-WMObwib4EC&pg=PR17

1992 ILO

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=EEN2Lr5MT7wC&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRrPqOgIvuAhVZ8XMBHZe8D5Y4ZBDoATBXegQIMRAC

1941

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=w3VTAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=sheet+metal&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzsZSZgYvuAhWC8HMBHYdiA5YQ6AEwAXoECAYQAg

Research Papers

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/6/779/htm

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221478532038860X

https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1511713

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20200391262A1/en

https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/investigating-the-effect-of-process-parameters-in-incremental-sheet-forming-process/269304

https://engrxiv.org/w8rgb/

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/988/1/012108/meta

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-9117-4_13

http://bulletinmonumental.com/gallery/20-oct2020.pdf

http://www.ijmerr.com/uploadfile/2020/0811/20200811043516604.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/download/64118398/design-and-fabrication-of-pneumatic-IJERTV9IS070482.pdf

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-4485-9_23

The Effects of Cryogenic Process on the AISI M2 Punch Materials and on the Hole Edge Geometry of the DIN EN 10111-98 Sheet Metal Control Arm Parts

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering / 2020 / Article

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2020/9236783/

Tribology of dry deep-drawing of various metal sheets with use of ceramics tools

Surface and Coatings Technology

Volumes 177–178, 30 January 2004, Pages 582-590

S Kataoka M Murakawa TAizawa H Ike

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00930-7

Abstract

Lubricant is essential in the conventional metal forming to reduce the friction between tool and workpiece  and to prolong the tool life by prevention of galling and seizure. Use of ceramic die,  because of high tribological properties may permit dry forming. In the present paper, practical possibility of dry deep-drawing is studied using ceramic dies.  Each ceramic material has its own compatibility to sheet materials. Ceramic dies can be applied to deep-drawing of mild steel and pure copper sheets with success, while they failed to be utilized for titanium sheet.  In case of deep-drawing for metal-alloy sheets, pretreatment to form the adhesive tribo-coating is effective to improve the workability when using alumina and zirconia dies. 

Tribology is the science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion. It includes the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication, and wear. Tribology is interdisciplinary and it draws on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology, and engineering. People who work in the field of tribology are referred to as tribologists.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0257897203009307?via%3Dihub

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NzHQmfsAAAAJ&hl=en

Sheet Metal Punching

 

Sheet Metal Components Production - Notes

Bibliography

https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/punching/forming-on-the-modern-punch-press-sheet-metal-fabrication-s-swiss-army-knife

http://www.vandf.co.uk/tooling/what-is-cnc-punching/

https://www.some.es/en/sheet-metal-cnc-punching

https://www.wileymetal.com/8-tips-for-extending-punch-press-and-punch-tool-life/

Use coated tools

A thin layer of gold-colored titanium nitride (TiN) or blue-gray titanium carbonitride (TiCN) reduces friction and wear. That keeps temperature down.  

https://www.marlinwire.com/blog/a-quick-look-at-how-the-sheet-metal-punching-process-works

https://www.metalworkingworldmagazine.com/reliable-and-efficient-sheet-metal-punching/

https://www.boschertusa.com/sheet-metal-punching-notching/cp-series-cnc-punching-machine

Digital Twin

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303835561_Virtualisation_process_of_a_sheet_metal_punching_machine_within_the_Industry_40_vision

https://patents.google.com/patent/US776511A/en

https://www.interempresas.net/Metal-forming/Articles/7447-Theory-of-the-punching.html

https://www.teletecsi.com/blogs/precision-sheet-metal-punching-process

https://www.rajagiritech.ac.in/Home/mech/Course_Content/Semester%20IV/ME%20220%20Manufacturing%20Technology/Module%205.pdf

https://monroeengineering.com/blog/piercing-vs-punching-vs-blanking-how-they-differ/

https://mindtribe.com/2016/03/the-mindtribe-guide-to-sheet-metal-design/

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2016016400A1?cl=en

https://patents.google.com/patent/US776511A/en

http://www.advantagefabricatedmetals.com/punching-process.html

DFM

https://www.machinedesign.com/mechanical-motion-systems/article/21832114/following-dfm-guidelines-for-working-with-sheet-metal

Punching Tooling

https://www.amada.co.jp/english/products/bankin/punching/kanagata.html

https://www.trumpf.com/filestorage/TRUMPF_Master/Products/Services/01_brochures/TRUMPF-punching-at-a-glance-brochure-EN.pdf

https://www.trumpf.com/filestorage/TRUMPF_Master/Products/Services/01_brochures/TRUMPF-punching-tools-catalog-EN.pdf

https://www.wileymetal.com/8-tips-for-extending-punch-press-and-punch-tool-life/

Use coated tools

A thin layer of gold-colored titanium nitride (TiN) or blue-gray titanium carbonitride (TiCN) reduces friction and wear. That keeps temperature down.  

http://www.murri.fi/documents/luettelot/Murrplastik/Punching_tools.pdf

https://www.etsy.com/market/sheet_metal_punch

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8030901/

https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/inventor/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2019/ENU/Inventor-Help/files/GUID-1A5F9CD1-80A8-4462-894A-4D8C9DFCDB51-htm.html

https://www.businessmagnet.co.uk/company/sheetmetalholepunches-140456.htm

https://www.sheetmetalworld.com/sheet-metal-fabrication-directory/tooling/punch-tools/all/page3

https://www.dickblick.com/categories/crafts/metal/punch-tools/

https://www.equipment-news.com/getting-the-right-punch/

https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v4i9/SUB158488.pdf

https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/hss-punches.html

https://www.shivamtools.in/hss-punches.html

http://hnjassociates.in/hss_punches

https://www.lomusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Catalogo-utillaje-tipo-torreta-Amada-con-lubricante.pdf

https://dir.indiamart.com/impcat/carbide-punches.html?biz=10

https://www.thefabricator.com/stampingjournal/article/stamping/carbide-in-tool-and-die

https://www.expometals.net/en-gb/product-detail-isis-sas/tungsten-carbide-punching-dies

https://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/app/uploads/sites/92/2020/02/productdb/api/bw051de_stanztechnik.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/SEM-images-for-a-60-b-55-and-c-50-HRC-hardness-punches-by-3-die-clearance-and-8000_fig1_317277256

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/8/1261/pdf

https://www.google.com/patents/US9272320

https://www.google.com.gi/patents/US5235879

https://assets.unilogcorp.com/187/ITEM/DOC/100044791_Catalog.pdf

https://www.sheetmetaltooling.co.nz/

https://www.jlsmoldparts.com/punching-carbide-punch-die/

Materials

https://www.etmm-online.com/the-right-material-for-die-making-a-931247/

https://acs.acscoating.com/punches-dies-forming-tools/  Coatings

https://www.scientific.net/MSF.818.69

http://www.tungsten-carbide.com.cn/tungsten-carbide-punch.html

https://www.wilsontool.com/en-us

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225821065_Rotary_blanking_tool_materials/link/557f675b08aeb61eae261831/download

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11740-007-0039-3

Ceramics

2019

Ceramic tool inserts have extreme hardness for wear resistance, high heat resistance, and optimum tribological behavior, but have poor machinability and severe brittleness. High costs are offset by reduced maintenance and increased productivity. While not commonly used, the ceramic tool inserts offer a possible solution to high interface loading and wear.

https://www.ahssinsights.org/news/tool-materials-and-die-wear/

https://www.ceramic-applications.com/applications.html?cat1_id=2198&cat1_name=Metal%20Engineering&cat2_id=2307&cat2_name=Metal%20machining

https://patents.google.com/patent/DE10246591A1/en

https://www.forging.org/uploaded/content/media/Altan_paper_Die_materials_and_surface_treatments6.pdf

http://www.google.co.ls/patents/DE19951587A1?cl=en

https://www.google.com/patents/CN101143786A?cl=en

 In sheet metal forming ceramics as tool materials improve the tribological system.

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=VBrYReMVtYEC&pg=PA137

https://patents.justia.com/patent/6463779

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=s6Xw2CcXElEC&pg=PA318

https://www.cv-technology.com/en/technical-ceramics/applications/forming-technology/

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/7048297/Singh92design.pdf

https://ijret.org/volumes/2014v03/i23/IJRET20140323008.pdf

2020

https://www.durit.com/en/products/sheet-metal-forming-and-packaging-technology

https://assets.unilogcorp.com/187/ITEM/DOC/100044791_Catalog.pdf

https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/ceramic-stamping-die.html

1200 pieces tool life

https://formingworld.com/rapid-tooling-stamping/

https://formingworld.com/rapid-tooling-stamping/

https://www.groz-tools.com/india/pdffiles/Tools_Equipment.pdf

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/6/779/htm

http://hrms.secab.org/resource/454_17ME653__Metal_Forming.pdf

https://meticulousblog.org/top-10-companies-in-metal-stamping-market/

https://www.eigenengineering.com/e-books/

Advanced Cutting Tool design and Fabrication Mechanism

https://www.eigenengineering.com/tool-design-and-fabrication-mechanism/

Monitoring wear of punch

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4471-0647-0_25

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/efficient-method-of-producing-oval-punching-holes-on-sheet-metal-2168-9873.1000109.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290041160_Machining_accuracy_of_punching_for_thin_sheet_metal_-_Influence_of_tool_position_misalignment_and_its_detection

https://metalformingmagazine.com/article/?/stamping-presses/high-speed/high-speed-stamping

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/amse/2020/9236783/

Process Timers to Indicate the Time Allowed for an Operation or Element of Operation

https://blog.visual.electro-matic.com/what-is-a-process-timer-and-how-is-it-useful-in-manufacturing 

SAP Digital Twin Software & Technology - Introduction

 

SAP Digital Twin Software & Technology  

A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical object or system – but it is much more than a high-tech lookalike. Digital twins use data, machine learning, and ...

https://www.sap.com/india/products/supply-chain-management/digital-twin.html

SAP births digital twin software

March 27, 2018

SAP has announced a new solution called SAP Predictive Engineering Insights. It enables organisations to create digital twins of physical assets to provide real time analysis based on sensor feeds.

https://www.enterprisetimes.co.uk/2018/03/27/sap-births-digital-twin-software/

https://news.sap.com/2018/03/sap-predictive-engineering-insights-enables-digital-asset-management/

https://www.sap.com/products/predictive-asset-insights.html?btp=2c3c6792-b886-4a9c-885e-9ab016f4dd32