Thursday, August 31, 2023

Enterprise IT Asset Management - Industrial Engineering

 


The International Association of Information Technology Asset Managers (IAITAM) defines IT asset management as:


a set of business practices that incorporates IT assets across the business units within the organization. It joins the financial, inventory, contractual and risk management responsibilities to manage the overall life cycle of these assets including tactical and strategic decision making.


IT assets are important because they help to maintain the CIA triad. CIA comes from confidentiality, integrity and availability: “At the core of information security is information assurance, the act of maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and availability (CIA) of information, ensuring that information is not compromised in any way when critical issues arise. These issues include but are not limited to natural disasters, computer/server malfunction, and physical theft.”

https://heimdalsecurity.com/blog/it-asset-management-itam/

An overview of enterprise information management (EIM)
Enterprise information management (EIM) is defined as the optimization, storage and processing of data within an enterprise through the combined power of business intelligence or analytics and content management.

In other words, EIM software enables organizations to manage structured and unstructured data across business operations, extract valuable business insights and secure that information while meeting compliance requirements, all on a single platform — at enterprise level.

The goal of information management solutions is to improve efficiency, promote transparency and enable business insights by leveraging software solutions and technologies that are designed to help organizations extract value from their information.

https://www.hyland.com/en/resources/terminology/enterprise-information-management

What is IT asset management (ITAM)?
IT asset management (also known as ITAM) is the process of ensuring an organization’s assets are accounted for, deployed, maintained, upgraded, and disposed of when the time comes. Put simply, it’s making sure that the valuable items, tangible and intangible, in your organization are tracked and being used.  

So, what’s an IT asset? Defined simply, an IT asset includes hardware, software systems, or information an organization values

https://www.atlassian.com/itsm/it-asset-management

Enterprise information asset management: the roles and responsibilities of executive boards
Nina Evans &James Price
Knowledge Management Research & Practice 
Volume 14, 2016 - Issue 3
Pages 353-361 | Published online: 19 Dec 2017
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1057/kmrp.2014.39

Enterprise Information Management and Information Strategy: A Brief How-To Guide
By John H. Dickey, MSHI, RHIA, PMP
https://bok.ahima.org/doc?oid=302595


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Tuesday, August 29, 2023

Anil Mital - Industrial Engineering Papers on Academia.Edu

 


https://independent.academia.edu/AnilMital

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Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering - Online Course Notes - Modules

 

Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering


Focus Area                  -       Notes

Productivity Science   -   Productivity Science

Industrial Engineering Strategy 

Facilities Industrial Engineering 

Product Industrial Engineering   -   Product Industrial Engineering, 

Process Industrial Engineering  -  Process Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Optimization - IEOR

Industrial Engineering Statistics - IE Statistics - Six Sigma Optimization

Industrial Engineering Economics - IE Economic Analysis

Human Effort Industrial Engineering - Human Effort Industrial Engineering

Productivity Measurement - IE Measurements

Productivity Management - Productivity Management

Data Processing and Information Systems for Industrial Engineering - 

Applied Industrial Engineering  -  Applied Industrial Engineering 

I am a happy. Prof. Beth Cudney, Ph.D, Professor of Data Analytics, Maryville University liked my comment. 
"Industrial engineering inputs to the product development process are important. Product industrial engineering makes significant contribution to product development."
on the post: 






Course Modules for Each Focus Area



Objectives of Basic Engineering and Industrial Engineering


Engineering has two aims: 
To develop effective products and processes that satisfy customers. 
To develop efficient products and processes that give profits and satisfaction to the producers (both managers-capitalists and employees). 
Industrial engineering is focused on efficiency while the functional engineers are focused on effectiveness. 
Both engineering streams have big data bases of knowledge, information and data that are to be used to do the design and execution work successfully to the satisfaction of customers.



Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering - Brief Explanation


Productivity Science: Science developed for each element of machine operation and each element of human tasks in industry.
Productivity Science - Determinants of Productivity

Industrial Engineering Strategy: 
Industrial engineering is profit engineering. If a company is not employing industrial engineering, it is unnecessarily foregoing profits inherent in the products that it developed and designed to the performance satisfaction of good number of users. Profit conscious managers and owners have to understand and employ industrial engineering to achieve the full profit potential of their products. Certain strategic decisions related to industrial engineering function are to be taken by top management of the organization as part of strategic plan of the organization. Certain strategic decisions are to be taken by the Chief Industrial Engineer. These decisions are part of the focus area of industrial engineering strategy.

Facilities Industrial Engineering:
The processes of different products and its components are performed using the facilities of the organization. In designing various facilities of industrial buildings and different facilities within the building, industrial engineering has a role to play. In selection of the equipment used by multiple processes industrial engineering has a role to play. Improvement of machines to increase productivity was done by F.W. Taylor, founder of industrial engineering. Maintenance of various equipment and its overhaul can also be examined by industrial engineers as part of facilities industrial engineering. Layout of the equipment and various production departments decide the amount of material handling and transport within the facility. Layout improvement is an important task of industrial engineering.  Hence facilities level industrial engineering  or facilities industrial engineering is to be identified as an important area in industrial engineering.

Product Industrial Engineering: Redesign of products to reduce cost and increase value keeping the quality intact.
Product Industrial Engineering


Process Industrial Engineering: Redesign of processes to reduce cost and increase value keeping the quality intact.
Process Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Optimization: Optimizing industrial engineering solutions created in Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering.
Operations Research - An Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers

Industrial Engineering Statistics: Using statistical tools like data description, sampling and design of experiments in industrial engineering activity.
Statistics and Industrial Engineering

Industrial Engineering Economics: Economic analysis of industrial engineering projects.
Engineering Economics is an Efficiency Improvement Tool for Industrial Engineers


Human Effort Industrial Engineering: Redesign of products and processes to increase satisfaction and reduce discomfort and other negative consequence to operators.
Motion Study - Human Effort Industrial Engineering

Productivity Measurement: Various measurements done by industrial engineers in industrial setting to collect data, analyze data and use the insights in redesign: Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering.
Industrial Engineering Data and Measurements

Productivity Management: Management undertaken by industrial engineers to implement Product Industrial Engineering and Process Industrial Engineering. Management processes industrial engineering is also part of productivity management.
Productivity Management

Applied Industrial Engineering: Application of industrial engineering in new technologies, existing technologies, engineering business and industrial processes and other areas.



Industrial Engineering Free Online Course Notes for Each Focus Area

Modules  of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course


Modules

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Industrial Engineering Quotes - Quotations

 

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING  Pdf File.  FREE DOWNLOAD.

by Narayana Rao Kvss.

https://www.academia.edu/103626052/INTRODUCTION_TO_MODERN_INDUSTRIAL_ENGINEERING_Version_3_0


Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering.


Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering. The primary focus of basic system design or first time system design is effectiveness. Then efficiency is evaluated and further improved.


Industrial engineering focuses on cost reduction through productivity improvement.


Industrial engineering maintains quality of the product in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and designs human comfort in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and designs safety in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates and incorporates occupational health in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates fatigues and designs work and job to eliminate or minimize fatigue in its productivity improvement redesigns. In addition it provides rest breaks and allowances at mitigation.


Industrial engineering specially evaluates working conditions and provides appropriate designs  in its productivity improvement redesigns.


Industrial update their engineering knowledge related to processes under their engineering direction on a continuous (daily basis).









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Monday, August 28, 2023

Chewing Gum Production Process - Industrial Engineering - Technology Development - Productivity Improvement

 


Gum Production Process

https://www.gumassociation.org/index.cfm/science-technology/manufacturing-process/


Chewing Gum Manufacturing Equipment

https://www.saintyco.com/chewing-gum-making-machine/

https://www.saintyco.com/gum-packaging-machine/

https://www.saintyco.com/gum-making-machine/


https://making.com/chewing-gum





Company News

Perfetti Van Melle - Automation Packaging

The latest technology yields sweet innovations

To keep up with the latest trends, the Italian confectionary manufacturer Perfetti Van Melle needs to be innovative in terms of both its products and its production methods. That’s why the company decided on a collaboration with automation experts from Marchiani and an Industrial Edge solution from Siemens.

https://www.siemens.com/global/en/company/stories/industry/factory-automation/industrialautomation-foodandbeverage-perfettivanmelle.html


Patents


https://www.google.com/patents/sitemap/en/Sitemap/A23/A23G/A23G_4.html

3/6/2015 backwards

Patents for A23G 4 - Chewing gum (7,614)

https://www.google.com/patents/sitemap/en/Sitemap/A23/A23G/A23G_4_53.html


Process for preparation of chewing gum

Abstract

A single step process for preparation of chewing gum is disclosed wherein all materials comprising gum base materials including natural resin, vinyl acetate resin, polyisobutylene, ester gum, emulsifier, filler and others on one hand, as well as chewing gum additives including sucrose, glucose, starch hydrolysate, artificial sweetener, flavor, colorant and others on the other hand were charged into a single apparatus and kneaded simultaneously in a single step.

As the kneading apparatus, and intensive mixer, a Banbury mixer or a pressure type kneader may be employed.


1982-05-11 Publication of US4329369A

2000-07-17 Anticipated expiration

Status Expired - Lifetime


https://patents.google.com/patent/US4329369A/en


Patent Citations (2)

Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title

US3854627A * 1971-06-07 1974-12-17 Wrigley W Co Method and apparatus for discharging measured amounts of dough

US3883666A * 1974-03-11 1975-05-13 Anheuser Busch Chewing gum base and chewing gum made therefrom

Family To Family Citations

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party

Cited By (46)

Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title

EP0102081A2 * 1982-08-30 1984-03-07 NABISCO BRANDS, Inc. Reduced-shrink bubble gum and method for preparing same

US4459311A * 1983-01-03 1984-07-10 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Process for preparing gum base

FR2547990A1 * 1983-06-29 1985-01-04 Nabisco Brands Inc UNIQUE ACCOUNTING AGENTS FOR ELASTOMERIC-RESIN COMBINATION FOR CHEWING GUM BASES

US4816265A * 1986-12-23 1989-03-28 Warner-Lambert Company Sweetener delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US4842870A * 1987-12-22 1989-06-27 Warner-Lambert Company Anhydrous, non-staling chewing gum composition

US4882172A * 1988-04-08 1989-11-21 Nabisco Brands, Inc. System for processing chewing gum

US4931293A * 1986-12-23 1990-06-05 Warner-Lambert Company Food acid delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US4933190A * 1986-12-23 1990-06-12 Warner-Lambert Co. Multiple encapsulated sweetener delivery system

US4940594A * 1988-04-08 1990-07-10 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Method for processing chewing gum

US4968511A * 1989-03-10 1990-11-06 Amelia Ronald P D Composition and process for one-step chewing gum

US5000965A * 1990-02-21 1991-03-19 Warner-Lambert Company Method for the preparation of sweetening agent delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate

US5971739A * 1996-12-31 1999-10-26 Hoffman; Earl Roger Gum processing and packaging system

WO2002076229A1 * 2001-03-23 2002-10-03 Gumlink A/S One-step process for preparing chewing gum

US6558727B2 * 2001-01-19 2003-05-06 Warner-Lambert Company High precision multiple-extrusion of confectionary products

US6623266B2 2001-01-19 2003-09-23 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Apparatus for making a center-filled gum lollipop with hard candy shell

US20040142066A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-07-22 Lone Andersen Biodegradable chewing gum and method of manufacturing such chewing gum

US20040146599A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-07-29 Lone Andersen Coated degradable chewing gum with improved shelf life and process for preparing same

US20040156949A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-08-12 Lone Andersen Degradable elastomers for chewing gum base

US20040180111A1 * 2001-03-23 2004-09-16 Lone Andersen Degradable resin substitute for chewing gum

US20050220934A1 * 2002-07-15 2005-10-06 Leadbeater John M Tabletted chewing gum sweet

US20050238759A1 * 2004-04-27 2005-10-27 Yoon Jeong M Gum base composition and process for preparing gum using the same

US20050244538A1 * 2002-09-24 2005-11-03 Lone Andersen Chewing gum comprising at least two different biodegradable polymers

US20060039872A1 * 2004-08-06 2006-02-23 Gumlink A/S Layered chewing gum tablet

US20060051455A1 * 2003-02-04 2006-03-09 Lone Andersen Compressed chewing gum tablet

US20060099300A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-05-11 Lone Andersen Chewing gum having improved release of chewing gum ingredients

US20060121156A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-06-08 Lone Andersen Degradable chewing gum polymer

US20060147580A1 * 2003-02-04 2006-07-06 Vibeke Nissen Compressed chewing gum tablet

US20060165842A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-07-27 Lone Andersen Biodegradable chewing gum comprising at least one high molecular weight biodegradable polymer

US20060246174A1 * 2002-09-24 2006-11-02 Lone Andersen Gum base

US20060257524A1 * 2003-05-06 2006-11-16 Gumlink A/S Method for producing chewing gum granules, a gum compositon extruder and granulating system, and a chewing gum products

US20070141200A1 * 2003-05-06 2007-06-21 Gumlink A/S Method for producing chewing gum granules and compressed gum products, and a chewing gum granulating system

US20070237729A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa, Llc. Impact of calcium phosphate complex on dental caries

US20070237855A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Calcium phosphate complex in acid containing confectionery

US20070237725A1 * 2006-04-05 2007-10-11 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc. Calcium phosphate complex and salts in oral delivery systems

US20070264388A1 * 2003-12-30 2007-11-15 Helle Wittorff Compressed Biodegradable Chewing Gum

US20080014302A1 * 2004-08-25 2008-01-17 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Multi-region chewing gum composition including isomalt gum region

US20080107770A1 * 2004-12-22 2008-05-08 Helle Wittorff Non-Tack Chewing Gum

US20080260900A1 * 2004-12-22 2008-10-23 Gumlink A/S Degradable Polymer for Chewing Gum

US20080299249A1 * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Center-fill gum compositions incorporating triacetin

US20090029019A1 * 2007-07-27 2009-01-29 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc Method and apparatus for processing multiple confectionery ropes

US20090169677A1 * 2006-06-16 2009-07-02 Helle Wittorff Chewing Gum Comprising a Hydrophobic Enzyme Formulation

US20100313719A1 * 2006-06-29 2010-12-16 Cadbury Adams Usa Llc chain cutter for continuously forming center-filled gum pieces

US20150099033A1 * 2012-04-10 2015-04-09 Südzucker Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim/Ochsenfurt Process for shortening the conditiong time of a composition of a chewing gum core in a chewing gum preparation process

Family To Family Citations

US4357355A * 1981-06-03 1982-11-02 Warner-Lambert Company Non-stick bubble gum base composition

US4834986A * 1987-10-22 1989-05-30 Warner-Lambert Company Consistently soft-chew textured gum composition

KR101798477B1 * 2015-09-24 2017-12-12 롯데제과 주식회사 Center-filled chewing gum compositions without a leak of syrup

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party, ‡ Family to family citation

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title

US4329369A 1982-05-11 Process for preparation of chewing gum

CA1177311A 1984-11-06 Low-calorie, sugar-free chewing gum containing polydextrose

US4224345A 1980-09-23 Chewing gum base and a combination of a chewing gum with fatty matter

CA1318544C 1993-06-01 Low moisture, sugarless, center-filled chewing gum

EP0123524B1 1988-07-13 Process for production of gum composition with plural time releasing flavours

EP0123497B1 1988-07-06 A chewing gum composition with improved stability

EP0128640B1 1991-04-03 Kola flavoured chewing gum and preparation thereof

US4707363A 1987-11-17 Soft starchy chewing gum

EP0403619B1 1993-11-03 Chewing gums containing hydrated emulsifier and methods of preparation

US3205075A 1965-09-07 Multi-flavor slab chewing gum

US4588592A 1986-05-13 Chewing gum product and composition and process for the preparation thereof

US4514423A 1985-04-30 Process of preparing an improved bubble chewing gum

US3352689A 1967-11-14 Sugarless gum

US4269860A 1981-05-26 Process for preparing a gas-developing chewing gum

EP0297048B1 1992-08-12 Chewing gum with long lasting softness

US5700514A 1997-12-23 Lozenges comprising binder and erythritol or maltitol as sweetener and process of making

SE409809B 1979-09-10 CHEWING RUBBER COMPOSITION, WHICH CONTAINS MONST 0.3% L-ASPARTYL-L-PHENYLALANINE METHYLESTER AS AN EXTENSION OF SWEETENING EFFECT

US4604288A 1986-08-05 Process for preparing a chewing gum composition with improved flavor perception

US4493849A 1985-01-15 Process for preparing a non-chalky, organoleptically pleasing chewing gum composition

DE69819737T2 2004-09-23 COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING TASTE-N-ETHYL-P-MENTHAN-3-CARBOXAMIDE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF

AU625485B2 1992-07-09 Method of adding lecithin to chewing gum

DK160669B 1991-04-08 NON-CALORIC, NON-CARIOGENT CHEMICAL GUM

US5192562A 1993-03-09 Method of manufacturing a chewing gum

US5223282A 1993-06-29 Methods of producing chewing gum using molten sorbitol and gum produced thereby

US2273425A 1942-02-17 Chewing gum


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Sunday, August 27, 2023

Productivity Analysis of Toolholders in Operation Analysis

 Operator Work Study - Machine Work Study - Interaction Study


In ILO Work Study Book, in page 349-350, it is written, "When seeking to improve the method the work study person follows two main approaches."

First, he or she tries to "push the handle down into the pump" — that is, to arrange for some of the manual elements which are being performed outside the machine-controlled time to be carried out as inside work, thus shortening the work cycle. 

Second, close attention is given to "shrinking the pump" — making the machine-controlled time as short as possible by ensuring that the machine is being used to the best advantage, to the correct speeds and feeds, and using cutting tools which are correctly ground and made of the best type of cutting steel for the sort of work in hand, so that the machine-running time is minimum with the best conditions maintained always. (This is what Taylor said, favorable circumstances.)

The first one is interaction improvement. The second is machine work improvement. The third which is not mentioned in this paragraph is operator work improvement. All three need to be done to improve machine-man work systems.


Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet


Tool holders now play an important role in facilitating best cutting conditions.

Toolholders - Introduction


The design and structural properties of toolholders have a strong influence on machining cost, accuracy, and stability.

Cutting tools may either be mounted directly to the spindle/turret, or may be connected through an adapter (arbor or toolholder).  The spindle connection for a toolholder (or integral cutting tool) is the foundation that supports the cutting edge in any rotating or stationary tool machining system, and may take a variety of forms.  The toolholder is often the weakest link in the machining system, which has even limited full utilization of the potential of advanced cutting tool materials in some applications. This means some effort can be devoted to improve tool holders further.

The basic question for the analysis is what alternative toolholders are available and what cutting conditions do they facilitate?





ud. 27.8.2023
First published 15 September 2020


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Tolerances and Surface Finish Productivity Analysis - Processing Operation Productivity Analysis Step

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING  Pdf File. FREE DOWNLOAD.
by Narayana Rao Kvss. (1300+ Downloads so far)



Productivity Analysis - Comparison of Current Process to Ideal or the Best Process has to be done from System level up to Element level.

Lesson 57 Surface Finish of Machined Surfaces - Industrial Engineering and Productivity Aspects

Hamilton Church


It is interesting to note that Hamilton Church in his 1914/18 books, includes limits and tolerances as coordinating mechanisms for independent production of components by different operators. Designers have to specify limits and tolerances to the extent required and should not increase cost of production by specifying tighter tolerances than required.

Productivity Analysis


Analysis if comparing the facts of the operation under observation with the ideal or best conditions possible to locate discrepancies. In the place best conditions, we can also think of known best practices or known better method. We may we compare the current practice in the situation with a better method that we know. Industrial engineers have to monitor environment continuously to know research developments, new method developments and news of  successful new innovations (successes achieved by various companies in implementing new recommended methods). Then productivity analysis will be fruitful activity.

Productivity Analysis - Comparison of Current Process to Ideal or the Best Process has to be done from System level up to Element level.



Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet



Tolerances and Surface Finish Productivity Analysis

Questions Indicated by Maynard (1939)


The following questions should be raised and answered  regarding tolerance and finish:

1. What are the inspection requirements of this operation?

2. What are the requirements of the preceding operation?

3. What are the requirements of the following operation?

4. Will changing the requirements of a previous operation make this operation easier to perform?

5. Will changing the requirement of this operation make a subsequent operation easier to perform?

6. Are tolerance, allowance, finish, and other requirements necessary?

7. Are they suitable for the purpose the part has to play in the finished product ?

8. Can the requirements be raised to improve quality without increasing cost?

9. Will lowering the requirements materially reduce costs?

10. Can the quality of the finished product be improved in any way even beyond present requirements?

Observe the relation between succeeding operations is being evaluated in this case also.

In value engineering analysis techniques, Miles has indicated that giving a cost estimate for each tolerance will bring out the cost created by tolerance and it can be compared with the value implication of tolerance.

Value Analysis Technique 8. Get a Dollar Sign on Key Tolerances

_____________

_____________

Reducing manufacturing costs - the dynamic tolerance system - tolerance-cost optimization


There are articles on how to assign tolerances to minimize costs. There are articles explaining the role of statistical tolerancing to reduce manufacturing costs.

Reducing manufacturing costs: the dynamic tolerance system

Anselm Lorenzoni,Christopher Tielemann &Alexander Sauer
Cogent Engineering, 
Volume 6, 2019 - Issue 1


Assembly Tolerance Design Based on Skin Model Shapes Considering Processing Feature Degradation
by Ci He, Shuyou Zhang, Lemiao Qiu, Xiaojian Liu and Zili Wang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3216;

Save manufacturing costs with Inventor Tolerance Analysis

Tolerance analysis is about finding the right balance between precision and manufacturing costs. Fully integrated in Inventor, tolerance analysis allows you to make better informed decisions about required manufacturing tolerances.
Autodesk
Nov 19 2019


From tolerance allocation to tolerance-cost optimization: a comprehensive literature review

Martin Hallmann, Benjamin Schleich & Sandro Wartzack 
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology volume 107, pages 4859–4912 (2020)


Understanding Statistical Tolerance Analysis








Updated on 27.8.2023,  24 August 2021, 14 September 2020
16 August 2020.
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Machine Tool Setup Time and Cost Analysis - Operation Analysis Step

 



Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet

Setup time reduction is important for reducing batch quantities and move the system towards more lean manufacturing system.

Setup time of machine tools especially CNC machines is important. For each machining operation, setup time and cost are to be analyzed and effort has to be made to reduce them as opportunity is there.

Analysis Questions.


1. When was the last setup reduction study done?

2. What additional suggestions were implemented?

3. What additional modifications were done to reduce setup time?

4. Are there any new ideas to reduce setup time created through IE studies in the company and from outside information?

5. Is more mechanization possible?

6. Is more automation possible?


Setup Related Information

Tool Presetter or On-Machine Tool Probe?  Top Shops use both, revealed a 2017 survey.

Tool Presetting:  Tool Data is picked up and tools are preset in the Tool Room. The setup time is saved because it is now not part of the cycle time of making parts.

In the case of Tool Probes and Touchsetters, tool Data is picked up by sensors installed on the machine.

70.8% of Top Shops have Tool Probes on their machines versus 47% of Other Shops.  58.5% of Top Shops have presetting versus 35.7% of Other Shops.

Majority of Top Shops have both and are using either of them as the part demands to achieve saving in time.

https://www.aerospacemanufacturinganddesign.com/article/reducing-setup-machining-cycle-time-122214/


Milling setup tricks

Brandt Taylor, January 21, 2020

https://www.ctemag.com/news/articles/milling-setup-tricks


CNC Machine Setup

CNC Machine Tool Setup Procedure

CNC Machine - Setup Time Reduction - Bibliography - Case Studies


Ud. 27.8.2023

First published 15 September 2020


(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S. 2020










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Productivity Analysis of Metal Cutting Parameters in Operation Analysis

 Process Improvement - Productivity Analysis and Productivity Engineering.

Industrial engineer analyzes each process into its ultimate, simple elements, and compares each of these simplest steps or processes with an ideal or perfect condition and modifies the element appropriately. - F.W. Taylor - Hugo Diemer.

Prof. Hugo Diemer  - Taylor's Industrial Engineering

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2020/05/prof-hugo-diemer-taylors-industrial.html

Productivity Analysis - Comparison of Current Process to Ideal or the Best Process has to be done from System level up to Element level.

Operator Work Study - Machine Work Study - Interaction Study


In ILO Work Study Book, in page 349-350, it is written, "When seeking to improve the method the work study person follows two main approaches."

First, he or she tries to "push the handle down into the pump" — that is, to arrange for some of the manual elements which are being performed outside the machine-controlled time to be carried out as inside work, thus shortening the work cycle. 

Second, close attention is given to "shrinking the pump" — making the machine-controlled time as short as possible by ensuring that the machine is being used to the best advantage, to the correct speeds and feeds, and using cutting tools which are correctly ground and made of the best type of cutting steel for the sort of work in hand, so that the machine-running time is minimum with the best conditions maintained always. (This is what Taylor said, favorable circumstances.)

The first one is interaction improvement. The second is machine work improvement. The third which is not mentioned in this paragraph is operator work improvement. All three need to be done to improve machine-man work systems.



Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet

Productivity Analysis of Metal Cutting Parameters

Machining productivity improvement was started by F.W. Taylor with investigation into variables that allow maximum cutting speed to be used in turning and boring machines to remove material in less time and cost. From that time onward, it is an area with abundant research. Industrial engineers have to keep abreast of this productivity improvement research and adopt the best practice in their operation.

They need to develop the maximum speed, feed and depth of cut that can be utilized in similar operations and experiment with this values in their operation to see the feasibility. They can use six sigma or design of experiments approach to find the best combination of cutting parameters that give the maximum productivity. Each time the operation analysis, is attempted on metal cutting operations, analysis of cutting parameters is the final step that gives increased productivity and confirms the productivity improvement achieved by doing various changes in the different elements of the process.

Industrial engineers have to monitor developments into machinability research to know the maximum cutting speed, feed and depth of cut found feasible in laboratory conditions for each work material - tool material combination. I observe number of research papers on machining of hard materials in engineering journals. For materials in use for number of years, the number of research papers in any year may be less. But continuous monitoring of research papers and articles in production related magazines will bring out the highest values of cutting parameters. But to implement these parameters, supporting machine related capability, work  holder capability and tool holder capability may be required. Industrial engineers have to calculated the required supporting parameters and experiment first to validate their feasibility in the facilities available in their plants and supply chain.

Optimization requires inputs of engineering parameters and engineers have to study current developments in engineers and upgrade their facilities before doing mathematical optimization. It does not mean that the benefit of mathematical optimization has to be delayed by a day. But mathematical optimization does not mean that the best system is in place. Unless the best engineering configuration is being used in the production system, the mathematical calculation gives only suboptimal solution.

The analysis has to compare the best possible cutting parameters with the currently used parameters to identify the productivity improvement opportunity.


(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S. 2020


Related Articles


Productivity Science of Machining - Taylor to Current Times


Updated on 27.8.2023,   30 August 2022,

First published 15 September 2020








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Cutting Tools Productivity Analysis - Processing Operation Productivity Analysis Step

Productivity Analysis - Comparison of Current Process to Ideal or the Best Process has to be done from System level up to Element level.


Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet

Maynard - 1939 Questions

1. Are the cutters proper?

2. Should high-seed steel or cemented carbide be used?

3. Are tools properly ground?

4. Is the necessary accuracy readily obtainable with tool and fixture equipment available?

5. Are hand tools pre-positioned ?

6. Are hand tools best suited to purpose?

7. Will ratchet, spiral, or power-driven tools save time?

8. Are all operators provided with the same tools?

9. Can a special tool be made to improve the operation?


We can ask some  new questions?


1. Should polycrystalline tools to be used?

2. Will any coated tool deliver better results?

3. Is the tooling arrangement in CNC tool set right?

4. Will balancing of tool and tool holder improve machining productivity?

5. What are benchmarks for cutting tools in this operation? What is the present performance in comparison to it? 

What are your suggestions?



Productivity Engineering



Benchmarks

2016

New benchmark for steel machining
15 July 2016

The Walter MC341 Supreme high-performance milling cutter.
The new milling cutter is an absolute specialist when it comes to ISO P materials (secondary application ISO M) and combines proven features with new properties.


More IE Lessons



Do you collect catalogues of these leading players every year and identify new tools?

Leading Players

Mitsubishi Materials
Sandvik
OSG
Sumitomo Electric
Kyocera
IMC Group
Kennametal
Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group
Nachi-Fujikoshi
Shanghai Tool
YG-1
Union Tool
Ceratizit
Mapal
Korloy
Xiamen Jinlu
Tiangong
DIJET
LMT
Beijing Worldia Diamond Tools
Harbin Measuring & Cutting Tool
https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4641321

Updated on  27.8.2023,  3.9.2022,  20 September 2020
13 August 2020
















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Productivity Analysis of Cutting Fluids - Operation Analysis Step

Lesson 92 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.

Read:

Machine Tool Cutting Fluids - Industrial Engineering and Productivity Aspects

Lesson 61 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.

Lesson 106 of Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course.


“A lot of shops upgrade their machine tools and other machining technology, but they don’t think to upgrade their cutting fluids at the same time,” -  John Treese, director of global training for Master Fluid Solutions. (2019)

https://www.mscdirect.com/betterMRO/metalworking/how-synthetic-based-cutting-fluids-can-boost-cnc-cutting-speeds-and-feeds


Have you selected the right cutting fluid?


A GUIDE TO MACHINE LUBRICATION: FIND THE RIGHT WATER-COOLANT TYPE 

https://www.mscdirect.com/betterMRO/metalworking/guide-machine-lubrication-find-right-water-coolant-type

Have you collected catalogues of all the companies supplying cutting fluids and identified new fluids?


Part of Main Topic: Analysis of Items in Operation Information Sheet


For analysis you need data regarding current practice and standards for better practice. Collecting information on improved and better cutting fluids is an important step in productivity analysis of cutting fluids.

Productivity Analysis Questions

1. Evaluate the cutting fluid of each and every operation for the scope to change it to right cutting fluid that will give more material removal rate.

2. Is minimum quantity lubrication more beneficial?

3. Is coolant through tool more beneficial?


Updated on 27.8.2023,  31 August 2021

First published 16 Sep 2020


(C) Narayana Rao K.V.S.S.







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Saturday, August 26, 2023

MTM-2

 


https://www.slideshare.net/LaszloSzabo16/timessd-the-mtm2-based-ready-to-use-elements-with-standard-times

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ILO Work Study Book - Download Link

 

Link provided by ILO

http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1992/92B09_329_engl.pdf


https://ilo.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay/alma992841733402676/41ILO_INST:41ILO_V2

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Friday, August 25, 2023

Foldable - Collapsible Shipping Containers

 


https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-law/foldable-containers/

https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/these-foldable-shipping-containers-could-help-solve-the-supply-chain-crisis/articleshow/91871494.cms

https://supplychaindigital.com/sustainability/foldable-shipping-containers-an-answer-to-port-congestion



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Business Process Efficiency Engineering - Improvement - Industrial Engineering Through Information Technology

INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING  Pdf File. FREE DOWNLOAD.
by Narayana Rao Kvss. (1300+ Downloads so far)

Effectiveness First and Efficiency Next in the design steps.  Industrial engineering focuses on efficiency improvement.


Organizations have to be effective and efficient simultaneously in all tasks in their working. Processes have to be effective and efficient simultaneously. Operations have to be effective and efficient simultaneously. - Narayana Rao


Three Major Channels of Process Improvement.
1. Process Redesign by Process Planning Team.
2. Process Improvement Study by Industrial Engineering Team.
3. Continuous #Improvement by Involving Shop Floor Employees and All Employees.
Continuous Improvement - Employee Participation Principle of Industrial Engineering


New:

Smart Machine Based Business Process Design and Improvement



Accenture 2018 Note: PROCESS REIMAGINED

Together, people and AI are reinventing business processes from the ground up.
Book by Accenture Consultants: Daugherty, Paul R. and Wilson, H.J.,  Human + Machine: Reimagining Work in the Age of AI. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2018.


SMART MACHINES ARE REINVENTING HOW WORK IS DONE

Smart machines are helping some companies achieve amazing results in some business processes.  It is already delivering profound results, across industries and for the economy as a whole.

Accenture consultants Daugherty, Paul R. and Wilson, H.J., surveyed more than 1,075 process professionals from large companies that use artificial intelligence technologies in at least one business process. Some 88 percent of organizations using machine learning have seen at least a 200 percent improvement in KPIs in enterprise processes.




Business Process Efficiency Improvement or Engineering


Business Process Efficiency Improvement or Engineering must involve process re-design to obtain processes that achieve the same (functional) goals, while increasing efficiency of the process (decreasing the cost of the process)

Maxine Attong - COD Business Process Improvement Manual, (Page 146)

Process Measurements

Three sets of  measures are used to gauge the process.

1. Process efficiency - measures the time that activities take to covert inputs to outputs.
2.Output effectiveness - measures how well the output meets the design requirements.
3. Output effectiveness and customer satisfaction - measures how well output meets customers' needs.

Process Efficiency Measures

Ideally, one measures identifies the minimum possible resources to be consumed during the process. Actual resource consumption is quantified and assessed against set standards as a variance, variation or deviation. The results lead to the control (managerial actions)  of people, materials, methods, environment and the way each resource or factor interacts with the other. Resource consumption is an easy measure since it is tangible.  Standards are set based on the experience or scientific investigations (Scientific Management).

Example - Accounts Payable Process Efficiency Measures

Inputs - Purchase invoices received per month.
Time - The cycle time and the basic work time taken for an invoice to be processes and for the vendor to receive payment.
People - Payroll cost, Level of training or skilled labor used in the process
Equipment - Utilization and cost
Output - The number of accurate payments generated per month and reasons for delays

Detailed description of measurements made is available in the book.

Purpose of Efficiency Measures

Efficiency measures are used to drive decision making around improving the process. Each measurement tells the story about the process. The process owner, process designer, and efficiency engineer (industrial engineer) have to know the causes before changes can be made to improve the process.

Efficiency Analysis of Inputs

Efficiency Analysis of Time

Efficiency Analysis of People

Details given in the book.


Identifying Drivers of Inefficiency in Business Processes
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=s6BuCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA121#v=onepage&q&f=false

Analysis of Recruitment Process for Effectiveness and Efficiency

Streamlined Process Improvement - H. James Harrington 
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tRKWSWbR18EC


Using Business Process Re-engineering to Increase Process Efficiency of E-Catalogue
Distribution System
Zulkhairi Md Dahalin and Siti Fatimah Yusof
IBIMA Business Review
http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/IBIMABR/ibimabr.html
Vol. 2012 (2012), Article ID 731793, 8 pages
http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/IBIMABR/2012/731793/731793.pdf

A More Comprehensive Approach to Enhancing Business Process Efficiency
Seung-Hyun Rhee 1, Nam Wook Cho 2, and Hyerim Bae 3
1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,
Seoul National University of Technology, 139-743, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Pusan National University, 635-709, Busan, Republic of Korea

Abstract. Whereas Business Process Management (BPM) systematically guides employee participation in business processes, there has been little support, use or development of user-friendly functions to improve the efficiency of those processes. To enhance business process efficiency, it is necessary to provide automatic rational task allocation and work-item importance prioritization, so that task performers no longer need to be concerned with process performance. In the context of BPM, two different perspectives, the Process Engine Perspective (PEP) and the Task Performer Perspective (TPP), are considered. Accordingly, we developed a comprehensive method that considers those two perspectives, in combination rather than separately.

Process Engine


Development and testing of a business process orientation model to improve employee and
organizational performance
Arshad Zaheer,  Kashif Ur Rehman, and Muhammad Aslam Khan
October 2009
http://www.academicjournals.org/Ajbm/PDF/pdf2010/Feb/Zaheer%20et%20al.pdf


Business Process Efficiency Engineering - Case Studies


Case Study - Business Process Improvement
Dev Mohindra
Senior Project Manager at Capgemini
August 6, 2020

More









Ud. 25.8.2023,  9.9.2022,  18.8.2022,  28.5.2022
Pub June 2013 

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Thursday, August 24, 2023

Electric Vehicle Technology - Components and Assembly - Product Design & Production Processes

 Modern Electric Vehicle Technology


C. C. Chan, K. T. Chau

Oxford University Press, 2001 - Education - 300 pages

Modern Electric Vehicle Technology covers multidisciplinary aspects of electric vehicles (EVs), and is written for a wide coverage of readers including students, researchers, engineers and administrators. This book is probably the first comprehensive reference book on electric vehicles that includes the following distinct features; It concisely and precisely reviews the state of the art of EV technology and the historical development of EVs, presents the engineering philosophy of electric vehicles. Identifies new configurations, concepts and classifications of modern EV and hybrid EV (HEV) systems. Provides in-depth discussions on electric propulsion systems, emerging EV energy sources and latest EV auxiliaries. Presents the concept of system level simulation and a dedicated EV simulator for system optimisation. and discusses the key issues relating to commercialisation and implementation of EVs.






PATENTS

Transmission assembly for electric vehicle
Abstract
A transmission assembly for an electric vehicle includes a transmission having an input shaft, an output shaft, and a gear train coupled between the input shaft and the output shaft. A motor includes an output coupled to the input shaft of the transmission. A motor controller is electrically connected to the motor and controls a rotating speed of the motor. A gear controller is electrically connected to the motor controller. The gear controller outputs a speed request signal to the motor controller, and the motor controller controls the rotating speed of the motor based on the speed request signal, allowing smooth engagement between the gear train and the output shaft.
US8328683B2
United States
2012-12-11  Publication of US8328683B2
Status  Active
2031-05-17  Adjusted expiration
























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Operation Information Sheet for Productivity Analysis of Processing Operations

Lesson 82 Industrial Engineering ONLINE Course -  Process Industrial Engineering Module



Productivity Analysis - Comparison of Current Process to Ideal or the Best Process has to be done from System level up to Element level.


A process consists of operations. Five types of operations are specified by ASME/IISE to be recorded on process charts - Material processing - Inspection - Transport - Storage - Delays. A process to produce a part may have many operations. In the process analysis, for each operation, the possibility of eliminating it is discussed. The possibilities for combining two adjoining operations or dividing an operation into more steps are examined. The sequence of operations can be altered to increase productivity. After these analyses are complete, the operation is given for detailed study to improve machine work, operator work, work station layout etc. Thus process analysis is to be followed by operation analysis. The operation analysis requires detailed information on all inputs going into the operation and the steps or elements used to complete the operation.

The operation analysis of the processing operation starts with collecting information on the processing information. In the developing this complete procedure, initially machine tool operation is being used for illustrating the details to be collected and analyzed. Subsequently, analysis of other machine operations will be added as annexures.

What is "operation analysis"?


The task in "operation analysis" is to improve productivity consists principally of finding out all known facts about equipment and operators that affect a given operation, and compare it with the possible alternatives to identify improvement opportunities and redesign the operation to give better efficiency, productivity and lower cost. Both machine effort and human effort that go into an operation are studied at element level and improved.

Importance of Systematic Procedure in Operation Analysis




In making operation analysis, a systematic procedure is to be followed  so that points of cardinal importance are analyzed without giving a miss. The information to be collected is likely to differ from machine to machine or equipment used in operations.


Operation Information Sheet

Information to be collected about the following items/elements (Case of Machining Operations).

1. Purpose of operation.

2. Whether process analysis related to the operation was completed: Yes/No

Productivity Measurements of the Operation

Time taken for machining cuts  (Machine Work Measurement - Estimation)

Time taken by the operator (Operator Work Measurement)

Total cycle time

Output of the component per machine hour

Cost of operation per hour  (Cost Measurement)

Cost per piece (Cost Measurement)

3. Design - Part drawing available (Yes/No)

4. Tolerances  -  Analysis Note

5. Material. - Analysis Note

Operation Drawing/Operation Instruction Sheet Available: Yes/No

6. Production Machine/Equipment, - Analysis Note

7. Fixture - Analysis Note

8a. Cutting Tools - Analysis Note

8b. Tool Holder  -  Analysis Note

9. Cutting Parameters - Analysis Note

10. Cutting fluid - Analysis Note

11a. Machine Setup - Analysis Note

b. Material handling. Loading and unloading of work pieces - Analysis Note

12. Inspection requirements; Gages used. - Self Inspection Gages - Analysis

13. Working conditions. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

14. Operator method. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

15. Common possibilities for job improvement.

a. Coupling with other machines - Multiple machines for man.  (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

b1.  gravity delivery chutes. - Analysis Note

b2.  drop delivery. - Analysis Note

c. Ejectors, quick-acting clamps, etc. in jigs & fixtures  Analysis Note

d. correct chair for operator. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

e. foot-operated mechanisms. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

f. Two-handed operation. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

g. Tools and  parts within normal working area. (Human Effort Industrial Engineering)

16. Operation Defects Analysis

17. Operation Batch Quantity Analysis  (Production Planning Analysis)


Productivity analysis of machine tool elements is based on productivity science of machining.

Productivity Science of Machining - Taylor to Current Times


The Operation Analysis 

(To be rewritten as per the new item numbers)

In order to structure the work of making written analyses, " analysis sheet" has to be used. In asking questions based on operation information sheet,  securing the information needed to complete the analysis of each item to fill out the form completely, one will understand the operation more thoroughly that will help to make a complete analysis and come out with alternatives to increase productivity.

At the top of the sheet, the operation details for identifying completely the analysis, the part, and the operation have to be recorded.


Item 1.  The first point considered is the purpose of the operation. If analysis shows that the operation serves a definite purpose, various other means of accomplishing the same result are considered to see if a better way can be found.

Item 2. If operation or flow process charts have not been constructed, all the operations performed on the part are next listed.

Item. 3 to 5 Design 



Item. Material handling.

Although it is commonly thought that conveyers can be used to advantage only in mass-production work, there are types on the market that are equally successful in jobbing work.



Item 6. Equipment, Tools, Workholding, Setup, Work Place Layout

The equipment and tools used on any operation is the most important item of operation analysis and it is worthy of careful study. 

Jigs, fixtures, and other work holding devices too often are designed without thought of the motions that will be required to operate them. Unless a job is very active, it may not pay to redesign an inefficient device, but the factors that cause it to be inefficient may be brought to the attention of the tool designer so that future designs will be improved.


"Setup" is loosely used throughout industry to signify the workplace layout, the adjusted machine tool, or the elemental operations performed to get ready to do the job and to tear down after the job has been done.

More exactly, the arrangement of  the material, tools, and supplies that is made preparatory to doing the job may be referred to as the " work-place layout."

Any tools, jigs, and fixtures located in a definite position for the purpose of doing a job may be referred to as "being set up'  or as "the setup."

The operations that precede and follow the performing of the repetitive elements of the job during which the workplace layout or setup is first made and subsequently cleared away may be called " make-ready" and "put-away" operations.



The workplace layout and the setup, or both, are important because they largely determine the method and motions that must be followed to do the job. If the workplace layout is improperly made, longer motions than should be necessary will be required to get materials and supplies. It is not uncommon to find a layout arranged so that it is necessary for the operator to take a step or two every time he needs material, when a slight and entirely practical rearrangement of the workplace layout would make it possible to reach all material, tools, and supplies from one position. Such obviously energy-wasting layouts are encountered frequently where methods studies have not been made and when encountered serve to emphasize the importance of and the necessity for systematic operation Analysis.

The manner in which the make-ready and put-away operations are performed is worthy of study, particularly if manufacturing quantities are small, necessitating frequent changes in layouts and setups. On many jobs involving only a few pieces, the time required for the make-ready and put-away operations is greater than the time required to do the actual work. The importance of studying carefully these non-repetitive operations is therefore apparent. When it can be arranged, it is often advisable to have certain men perform the make-ready and put-away operations and others do the work. The setup men become skilled at making workplace layouts and setups, just as the other men become skilled at the more repetitive work. In addition, on machine work it is usually possible to supply them with a standard tool kit for use in making setups, thus eliminating many trips to the locker or to the toolroom.


Item.  Common possibilities for job improvement.

There are a number of changes that can be made to workplace layouts, setups, and methods which are brought to light by job analysis. Of these, there are 10 that are encountered frequently, and one  or more may be made on nearly every job studied.

1. Install gravity delivery chutes.

2. Use drop delivery.

3. Compare methods if more than one operator is working on
same job.

4. Provide correct chair for operator.

5. Improve jigs or fixtures by providing ejectors, quick-acting
clamps, etc.

6. Use foot-operated mechanisms.

7. Arrange for two-handed operation.

8. Arrange tools or parts within normal working area.

9. Change layout to eliminate backtracking and to permit coupling of machines.

10. Utilize all improvements developed for other jobs.

These improvements are comparatively easy to make. If the analyst is observant and on the alert for inefficient operating practices, the possibility of applying them can be recognized without resorting to detailed motion or time study.

Item. Working conditions have an important influence on production. 



Item Operator Method. The analysis of the method followed in performing the operation is the part of the study dealing with human effort in the production system or engineering activity system.

The method that is established after analysis and motion study is recorded under 9 in order that the analysis sheet may provide a complete record of the job, although, strictly speaking, this information does not belong under the head of analysis.

Usually the analysis of the method requires the drawing of one or more types of process chart, and often a number of computations are involved. This information should be gathered together in the form of a supplementary report and identified by a note on the analysis sheet.

The foregoing gives a general description of the items on the analysis sheet.


This Article was used in the Course: 

Industrial Engineering for Productivity - NITIE International Online Management Development Program
31 August to 4 September 2020
Course Leader: Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao



Updated on 24.8.2023,  27.9.2022,  2 September 2020

First published in 6 August 2020



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