Radar Cost Estimation and Reduction - Industrial Engineering - Articles and Case Studies

Radar principles and technologies - Tutorials
https://www.radartutorial.eu/index.en.html


MMIC or MM IC is an important component used in large number in Radars. It is used in T/R modules.
MMIC Technology - Cost Estimation and Reduction - Industrial Engineering - Articles and Cases
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/mmic-technology-cost-estimation-and.html


Cost Issues in LRDR System

“The choice of S-Band for LRDR was a compromise: S-Band was assessed to provide acceptable performance for much lower cost than an X-Band (~10 GHz) system at the same sensitivity and field of view. Trade study analysis indicated that although discrimination performance at X-Band would be superior, it was not sufficiently better than the performance at S-Band to justify the cost differential."
https://mostlymissiledefense.com/2019/01/30/the-lrdr-not-the-best-discrimination-money-can-buy-january-30-2019/
https://mostlymissiledefense.com  Interesting site.

Radar Innovations - Raytheon - 24 April 2019
https://www.raytheon.com/news/feature/radar-renaissance-begins


Cost Reduction in the Department of Defense
Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1965
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YOeXsyC5ueAC


Cost Reduction Journal - US DOD - 1967
https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=mVNHAQAAIAAJ&rdid=book-mVNHAQAAIAAJ&rdot=1

Value engineering of diodes used SMA Radars
1968
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uKgnv6lcs6EC&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false
Principles and Applications of Value Engineering: Course Book
United States. Army Management Engineering Training Agency, United States. Department of Defense
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968 - Value analysis (Cost control) - 74 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uKgnv6lcs6EC

WEATHER RADAR TECHNOLOGY
BEYOND NEXRAD
Committee on Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRA
2002
https://www.nap.edu/read/10394/chapter/1#ii


MATERIAL SELECTION FOR CERAMIC T/R MODULE
PACKAGES
Reiichi Yamada, Andrew Piloto, Edward Graddy, Gerardo Aguirre, Mark Eblen, and
 Arne Knudsen
2004
Kyocera America, Inc.
San Diego, CA., 92123, USA.
https://americas.kyocera.com/assets_kii/001/5261.pdf



Total ownership cost reduction case study : AEGIS radar phase shifters
2006
https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/34231

MPARadar Cost Issues
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jvxjAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false


TR Module Cost Issues - 2007
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a470873.pdf

MAKING SENSE OF BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE

An Assessment of Concepts and Systems
for U.S. Boost-Phase Missile Defense in
Comparison to Other Alternatives
2012
Chapter on cost estimation
https://www.nap.edu/read/13189/chapter/1

"Improvements made to the PATRIOT radar cooling pump this past fiscal year extended its service life by six times and resulted in $16 million in cost savings,"  Tom Reynolds, command value engineering and life cycle cost reduction manager at AMCOM.
The U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command (AMCOM)
2013
https://www.army.mil/article/106068/amc_receives_four_value_engineering_awards

MMIC and TR Module Cost

https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jESPCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA205#v=onepage&q&f=false
Transmit Receive Modules for Radar and Communication Systems
Front Cover
Rick Sturdivant, Mike Harris
Artech House, 2016 - Technology & Engineering - 268 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jESPCwAAQBAJ


NKE2632 Solid State S-Band Marine Radar User Manual Instruction Manual Reference Part 5 Japan Radio
https://fccid.io/CKENKE2632/User-Manual/Instruction-Manual-Reference-Part-5-2791094.html

Technology Trends for Future Radar
November 14, 2017 Johannes van Bezouwen and Dr. Michael Brandfass, HENSOLDT Sensors GmbH
https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/29367-technology-trends-for-future-radar

Next-gen military radar system design innovations
http://mil-embedded.com/articles/next-gen-system-design-innovations/


Low-Cost Mini Radar: Design Prototyping and Tests
Journal of Sensors
Volume 2017, Article ID 8029364, 15 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8029364
Research Article
Dario Tarchi,1 Michele Vespe,1 Ciro Gioia,1 Francesco Sermi,1 Vladimir Kyovtorov,1 and Giorgio Guglieri2
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/js/2017/8029364/



Breaking Through the Cost Barrier for Phased Arrays
November 14, 2018 Doug Carlson, MACOM
https://www.microwavejournal.com/articles/31325-breaking-through-the-cost-barrier-for-phased-arrays


Sensors (Basel). 2018 Aug; 18(8): 2569.
Published online 2018 Aug 6. doi: 10.3390/s18082569
An X-band Bi-Directional Transmit/Receive Module for a Phased Array System in 65-nm CMOS
Van-Viet Nguyen,1 Hyohyun Nam,1 Young Joe Choe,1 Bok-Hyung Lee,2 and Jung-Dong Park1,*
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6112044/

2019

Customer Problem:
A surveillance radar with outdated, proprietary computer hardware and software had limited performance and limited technical refresh capability, had also led to decreased reliability, maintainability, and availability, rendering the radar ineffective, and/or inoperable at critical times, resulting in valuable data losses during execution of costly flight and ground test activities.  A solution is being developed

What INTUITIVE did:
The Value Engineering (VE) Team used the VE methodology.  Efforts identified decommissioned government furnished equipment, which were inexpensively purchased from an alternate government agency and applied toward future builds of radars.

Impact:
The VE Program avoided major and costly redesign and accelerated the production and fielding of new radar units, as well as improved the availability of cost-effective radar components and assemblies resulting in a saving of over $116M.
https://www.irtc-hq.com/value-engineering/

Design Technology of Synthetic Aperture Radar

Jiaguo Lu
John Wiley & Sons, 26-Aug-2019 - Technology & Engineering - 336 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=6tOdDwAAQBAJ




India


Radar developments in India
https://www.axiscades.com/the-advent-of-radar-age-in-india.html

Principles and Techniques of Modern Radar Systems
Swayam Course
https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc19_ee58/preview


ISRO Tender TR Module
https://istrac.eprocure.isro.gov.in/tnduploads/istrac/tndheader/IDT00094200000000000isro05401.pdf

Govt - of India Tender
https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt0504.pdf

Cost Measurement - Principle of Industrial Engineering

TAYLOR - NARAYANA RAO PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

https://www.proquest.com/docview/1951119980

21 Cost Measurement

____________________________________

Cost Measurement - Principle of Industrial Engineering

Productivity improvement has to lead to decreased cost at the unit level for products. The ultimate proof of productivity improvement is the reduced unit cost reflected in the reported unit cost of products. As cost accounting is a well-developed independent area now with statutory bodies in many countries, industrial engineers have to work in cooperation with them to get the representative cost figures that are reliable for decision making.

Industrial engineers have to know at the start of the year, the unit cost figures of various products being produced in their organizations. They have to be involved in measuring the costs at the end of the period. Their contribution is reflected in the reduction shown in the unit costs at the end of the year. The value of the work of IEs to the company is the cost reduced over the year.

Measurement of costs today is the responsibility of cost accounting department.  But it only provides the proof for the effective industrial engineering work.

Industrial engineers must learn cost measurement and they should be able to visualize how costs incurred daily become unit costs of products. Their cost reduction also first focuses on various resources used in daily work. But any saving of resource has to become a reduction in some product's unit cost. The IE must be able to see the future consequence of his current action clearly and check whether it happened or not according to his plan at the end of the period.

The cost measurement is done through cost estimating also. There are organizations that give the responsibility of cost estimating for marketing purposes to industrial engineering. It is a rational decisions and industrial engineers can provide cost estimates that reflect the current reduces cost estimates for various components and processes and give the organization the competitive edge in pricing.

Industrial Engineering Accompanied by Cost Estimating

https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/industrial-engineering-accompanied-by.html

Principles of Industrial Engineering - Presentation 

by Dr. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao in the 2017Annual Conference of IISE (Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineering) at Pittsburgh, USA on 23 May 2017
__________



__________

Principles of Industrial Engineering - Narayana Rao - Detailed List

Clicking on the link will take you to more detailed content on the principle

1. Productivity science

2. Productivity engineering

3. Industrial Engineering is applicable to all branches of engineering

4. Principles of (machine) utilization economy to be developed for all resources used in engineering systems.

5. Industrial engineering optimization

6. Industrial engineering economics

7. Implementation team membership and leadership

8. Human effort engineering for increasing productivity

9. Principles of motion economy to be used in all IE studies in the area of human effort engineering

10. Operator comfort and health are to be taken care of.

11. Work measurement

12. Selection of operators

13. Training of operators, supervisors and engineers

14. Productivity training and education to all

15. Employee involvement in continuous improvement of processes and products for productivity improvement.

16. Productivity incentives

17. Hearty cooperation

18. Productivity Management

19. System level focus for productivity

20. Productivity measurement

21. Cost measurement

The full paper on the principles by Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao is now available for downloading from IISE 2017 Annual Conference Proceedings in Proquest Journal Base.

https://www.proquest.com/docview/1951119980

Updated on 3 December 2019,  4 June 2019, 28 June 2017

December - Industrial Engineering Knowledge Revision Plan

BEST WISHES FOR A HAPPY AND PROSPEROUS 2020

Remember The Best Events of 2019 and Feel Happy. Feel Good About Past and Hope will Appear for the Future

Remembering Positive Events provide energy to do good.

Positive thoughts beget positive resolve, positive resolve takes you forward towards auspicious results - Prime Minister Narendra Modi



Top 10 Blogs on Industrial Engineering


New Technology Industrial Engineering  -  Industrial Engineering 4.0

Applied Industrial Engineering

IE in New Technologies - IE with New Technologies

Implementation of  Industrial Engineering Principles and Techniques in New Technologies (Engineering Processes) and Business Processes

1. Additive Manufacturing Productivity

Assembly Design Framework for Additive Manufacturing Based on Axiomatic Design Concept
https://www.xcdsystem.com/iise/abstract/File7673/UploadFinalPaper_2655.pdf
Yosep Oh, University at Buffalo; Sara Behdad, University at Buffalo, SUNY

Abstract:

AM productivity

According to the design for assembly (DFA) concept, design features should be integrated into a few physical parts to reduce design complexity.  However, building up a single product can have some negative effects on the AM productivity by increasing buildup time and cost. In this paper, a design framework using the assembly concept is proposed with the aim of letting the AM productivity reach an allowable level. The design framework is developed based on an Axiomatic Design (AD) approach, where AM productivity elements including buildup time, assembly time and the amount of support are considered as non-functional requirements (nFRs). The AM productivity is assessed by the Information Axiom to choose the best design. The proposed design framework can help engineers design and evaluate AM products.

Interesting references cited in the paper

* Thomas, D.S. and Gilbert, S.W., 2014, Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Additive Manufacturing - A Literature Review and Discussion, NIST.
* Oh, Y. and Behdad, S., 2016, Assembly Based Part Design to Improve the Additive Manufacturing
Productivity: Process Time, Cost and Surface Roughness, ASME IDETC, Charlotte, NC, USA.
* Zhang, Y., Bernard, A., Gupta, R.K. and Harik, R., 2014, Evaluating the Design for Additive Manufacturing: A Process Planning Perspective, Procedia CIRP, 21, 144–150.
* Thompson, M.K., 2013, Improving the Requirements Process in Axiomatic Design Theory, CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 62, 115–118.


2. Biomanufacturing (Biotechnology) Productivity

Productivity in Biomanufacturing

Researchers are examining the possibility of taking  advantage of the natural differences in productivity among cells that are used in biomanufacturing. They foster mutations to create genetic variability and then use microchips to analyze the behavior of individual cells, choosing the most prolific for larger-scale production.

https://www.technologyreview.com/s/424695/why-is-biomanufacturing-so-hard/
------

3. Productivity and Nanotech

Productive Nanotech Systems
https://www.foresight.org/roadmaps/Nanotech_Roadmap_2007_main.pdf

Related

OSRAM Boosts LED Chip Productivity With Nanotechnology
Aug 27, 2014
https://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=37099.php

4. Electric Batteries and Productivity Applications


Productivity and Industrial Engineering (IE) in Battery Manufacturing
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2014/02/productivity-and-ie-in-battery.html

Nano One Enhances Pilot Productivity and Files a New Patent

Vancouver B.C. Dr. Stephen Campbell, Principal Scientist at Nano One Materials, today announced that Nano One has filed a patent related to yield improvements in its process for the manufacture of lithium metal oxide cathode materials for use in advanced lithium ion batteries.
August 2017

https://nanoone.ca/nano-one-enhances-pilot-productivity-files-new-patent/
---------

5. IoT and Productivity

McKinsey Global Institute Report
THE INTERNET OF THINGS: MAPPING THE VALUE BEYOND THE HYPE
JUNE 2015
You can donwload the report from the web
(Link)


How the Internet of Things will reshape future production systems
By Vineet Gupta and Rainer Ulrich
September 2017
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/how-the-internet-of-things-will-reshape-future-production-systems


6. New Technology and Equipment for Productivity

PONSSE INTRODUCES NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ERGONOMICS
Virtual reality (VR) training simulator.
http://www.ponsse.com/fr/media-archive/nouvelles/ponsse-introduces-new-technology-for-productivity-and-ergonomics

How Does Technology Affect Productivity?
Apr 9, 2014

 AIM's March 2014 Business Confidence Survey asked two questions.
1. "Has technology allowed your company to produce more goods or provide more services than a decade ago with the same or fewer employees?
2. Can you quantify the economic effect?"


62 percent of the employers who responded said "yes" to the first question.

Among them only some could quantify the benefits. The gains reported in productivity were in  the 10-25 percent range. At the limits,  one manufacturer doubled output without adding workers, and a non-profit service provider more than tripled productivity.

Regarding profit improvement, some manufacturers remarked  that productivity improvements did not strengthen their bottom lines due to downward pressure on prices.  Some  companies in services industries cited offsetting costs from new regulations.
https://blog.aimnet.org/AIM-IssueConnect/bid/103010/How-Does-Technology-Affect-Productivity

Trend 5: Technology enables greater productivity in infrastructure industry
https://home.kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2017/01/trend-5-technology-increases-productivity-risk.html
-----------

7. Productivity in Hotels

New JW Marriott hotel rides on technology for productivity
25 March 2017

The 634-room luxury hotel has "taken the initiative to implement new technologies and processes to improve the efficiency of its operations, as well as the overall guest experience" One of the systems  is the (hotel's) use of the Knowledge Touch rostering system to better manage and allocate manpower during peak periods by analysing business volume and needs. the hotel has also adopted Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology to track and replace worn-out items such as linen in hotel rooms and  has freed up valuable manpower for more productive uses .
http://www.asiahoreca.com/news/1164711/new-jw-marriott-hotel-rides-on-technology-for-productivity

JW Marriott Resort Saves $100K with Push-to-Talk Tech
12/09/2010
https://hospitalitytech.com/jw-marriott-resort-saves-100k-push-talk-tech


8. Industrial Engineering with New Materials
Engineering Materials for Cost Reduction
https://www.imetllc.com/engineering-materials-for-cost-reduction/

-------------

9. Smart Manufacturing for Electronics Products
https://www.plm.automation.siemens.com/media/global/it/Siemens-PLM-Smart-manufacturing-for-electronics-wp_tcm56-57766.pdf

10. Inspection in the age of smart manufacturing
Tom Austin-Morgan, 05 November 2018
http://www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-features/technology/inspection-in-the-age-of-smart-manufacturing/192747/

Related
Smart Inspection Systems: Techniques and Applications of Intelligent Vision
Duc T. Pham, R J Alcock
Elsevier, 09-Dec-2002 - Technology & Engineering - 240 pages
https://books.google.co.in/books?id=i7EMwG0Cqk4C


---------------------------------

Interesting New Articles Posted in 2019

Industrial Engineering of Inputs, Process and Output (IPO)
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/industrial-engineering-of-inputs.html

Productivity Science of Machine - Machining - F.W. Taylor
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/09/productivity-science-of-machine.html

Production System Industrial Engineering
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/production-system-industrial-engineering.html

Machine Work Study - Study Areas - 2018 Presentation
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/machine-work-study-study-areas-2018.html

Industrial Engineering Accompanied by Cost Estimating
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/industrial-engineering-accompanied-by.html

80 - 20 Rule in Industrial Engineering - 80% Engineering - 20% Human Motions and Movements
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/80-20-rule-in-industrial-engineering-80.html

Engineering Process Productivity Improvement - Process Charts - Industrial Engineering Analysis
https://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2019/11/engineering-process-productivity.html

Articles on Industrial Engineering - Toyota Production System Innovations (Lean System)

Toyota Production system (lean manufacturing system) is built on Industrial engineering with the additional focus on rational reduction of inventory. The flow process chart used in IE has two columns for temporary delay and permanent delay. But these were not tackled aggressively earlier. In Toyota, these two wastes were tackled with special attention and focus and systems with less inventory and also other resources came into existence.


Toyota Production System Industrial Engineering - Shigeo Shingo
Introducing and Implementing the Toyota Production System - Shiego Shingo

The SMED System: Shigeo Shingo's Explanation
 Fundamentals of Lean - MIT Courseware

Lean Manufacturing - MIT Courseware

Enterprise Transition to Lean - Road Map -  MIT Courseware
Lean Supply Chain Management -  MIT Courseware

Lean Product Development - MIT Courseware
Lean Engineering  - MIT Courseware



PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF A PRESTRESS CONCRETE POLE PLANT USING WORK STUDY TECHNIQUE
http://ijates.com/images/short_pdf/1417439517_P496-508.pdf

A Case Study Improvement of a Testing Process by Combining Lean Management, Industrial Engineering and Automation Methods
2013
http://sparc.nfu.edu.tw/~ijeti/download/V3-no3-134-143.pdf


More Articles on Lean

11. Enterprise Interactions - Wastes -  MIT Courseware

12. People and Organization Issues in Lean Enterprises - MIT Courseware

13. Strategy and Enterprise in Lean Enterprises - MIT Courseware

14. Lean Enterprise - Self Assessment Tools - MIT Courseware

15. Information Systems - MIT Courseware

16. Knowledge Management - MIT Courseware

17. Leadership  - MIT Courseware

18. Lean Enterprise Integration - MIT Courseware

19. Lean Enterprise Architecting  - MIT Courseware

20 Lean Enterprise Case - Lockheed Martin -




One Year Industrial Engineering Knowledge Revision Plan

January - February - March - April - May - June

July - August - September - October - November - December


Updated  3 December 2019,, 1 December 2017,  11 September 2016,  4 January 2015

80 - 20 Rule in Industrial Engineering - 80% Engineering - 20% Human Motions and Movements

"Industrial Engineering is System Efficiency Engineering and Human Effort Engineering."  - Narayana Rao.

Actually system efficiency engineering is sufficient description for industrial engineering scope and activity. But human effort engineering is added to highlight the fact that all among all engineering branches industrial engineering has the maximum focus on human effort in engineering systems. The role of man in machine system is studied in detail and engineering of the effort is done so that it is effective as per the requirement of the machine operation and efficient and comfortable to the operator;. 

Industrial engineering is 80% Engineering - 20% Human Motions and Movements

Industrial engineering is 80% Engineering

Industrial engineering adds value in  organizations through engineering changes that it identifies, develops, and installs in engineering systems in products, components, materials, machines, methods (machine operation steps specifications), energy related aspects and information system.

We can say industrial engineering is done on Inputs - Process - Output.

Industrial engineering is intensive engineering.

Engineering changes identified by industrial engineers demand use of engineering intensively and creatively to develop the engineering solution and implement it. It is in areas of complete product design, component design, material specification, machine specification, machine accessories and tooling specification, machine work holding specification, machine operation specification, mechanical handling of the material, maintaining atmospheric conditions in the shop and work cells, energy input and utilization, information generation, processing, storage, communication and action etc.

The study of human motions and movements and the time taken to make those motions does occupy only around 20% or less of industrial engineers' effort. 80% of the activities are in the area of engineering.

Effective and successful Industrial engineering practice requires engineers of highest calibre as in the role of industrial engineering they have to use full engineering knowledge to locate engineering change opportunities that will enhance productivity in any element of the engineering system. In comparison, core engineers can specialize in design of specific machine components and work on the topic for many years in their service. Not so in industrial engineering. From day one, industrial engineer has to remember much bigger set of engineering knowledge, keep abreast of technical developments and make effort to absorb them into the technology as fast as possible. 

Industrial engineering is continuous engineering of products and processes.

Industrial engineers work on the shop floor along with operating engineers and do engineering changes on a continuous basis and improve the products and processes  so that they are more productive and less costly and thus make sure that market grows for the product on a continuous basis. They do take care of many complaints of operators regarding process difficulties and make sure that process improvement is continuous.

We can say: What is IE?

Industrial engineering is Gemba based (現場)  continuous engineering of products and processes to increase productivity/efficiency/cost reduction.

Industrial Engineering - Principles and Practice

_________________

__________________

BEL - Industrial Engineering Department

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING MANAGER
RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES

Analyse and evaluate efficient working of all projects and administer all processes and methods according to required supply standards and systems.

 Assist to organize and approve all labour and supply cost annually and prepare reports to measure all labour performance. 

Analyse all product costs and assist to reduce all negative variance on same and prepare strategies to reduce labour and wastage in all engineering projects.

 Assist Industrial Engineering department to design business plans and develop salary for all employees and prepare all required reports on weekly and monthly basis and manage all communication with production management.

Develop salary model budgets for all industrial engineering processes and provide support to all world class manufacturing facilities and analyse all waste elimination plans and develop appropriate factory flow analysis on processes. 

Maintain and update knowledge for all manufacturing engineering processes and design all processes for manpower and associate program and monitor all productivity and ensure compliance to all safety standards.

Evaluate and perform investigation on all variances for all planned and actual results for industrial processes and maintain track of all information and ensure integrity of all results for processes.

Supervise reporting processes on everyday basis and manage everyday activities and ensure adherence to all fiscal budgets and prepare strategic models.

https://vdocuments.mx/summer-internship-report-bharat-electronics-ltd.html


https://www.slideshare.net/bhaumikamber/bharat-electronics-limited-bel-training-report


https://www.slideshare.net/vishalkumargupta/bel-project-report

https://www.slideshare.net/RaghwendraKushwaha/training-report-bel-gzb

Machine Work Study - Study Areas - 2018 Presentation

_______________


_______________
26 September 2018
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b31oEBYu-T4



Aspects of Machine to be Studied


Advanced Machine Availability
Replacement
Condition of the Machine (Repair & Overhaul Need)
Improvement of the Machine
Accessories
Cutting Tools
Machine Speeds
Setup Procedure
Upkeep of the machine by operator
Power consumption
Breakdowns analysis
Data Generation and Analysis

Advanced Machine Availability

As a part of Machine work study, availability of advanced machines can be ascertained and a study is done to evaluate buying the new advanced machine.


Replacement
Based on repair cost and operating cost, analysis is to be done regarding replacement of the machine by the same
model or by a different
machine.


Condition of the Machine (Repair & Overhaul Need)
As  part of machine work study, the condition of the machine is to be evaluated for recommend-ing overhaul if needed.
Whether adequate maintenance is being done or not is investi-
gated

Improvement of the Machine
Industrial engineers have to find if any improvement of machine can increase productivity.
In Toyota improvement of machines is an important activity.

Accessories
Investigate if any machine accessories are available which can increase productivity.


Cutting Tools
Are appropriate cutting
tools used for various
operations?
Cutting tool planning is
required so that tools are available when needed.


Machine Speeds
Machine speed optimization was done by F.W. Taylor.
Many research studies are being done even in the current years.
For each machine, relevant speed analysis     has to be done by industrial engineers as     part of Machine work study.

Setup Procedure
Setup time reduction is now
  an important exercise related
  to machines.
For each machine set up redu-ction studies have to be done by industrial engineering
  department.


Upkeep of the Machine by Operator
Scientific management of the
   machine maintenance recog-
   nized the role of operations
   persons in machine upkeep.
Industrial engineers have to
   assess the present practices
   & their effect on productivity.


Power Consumption
Minimizing power consumption is an
   important industrial engineering
   activity.
Hence power consumption has to be
   analysed and measures are taken to
   eliminate waste.

Breakdowns Analysis
Breakdown analysis has
to be done to examine
the adequacy of preventive
maintenance and predictive
Maintenance.


Data Generation and Analysis
Information is also a resource.
Industrial engineers have to
assess the adequacy of the information.
They also have to prevent waste.
They have to examine the cost
incurred for data collection.


Industry 4.0
Industry 4.0 is increasing the role of machines and information collection and transmission in production systems.
Hence industrial engineers have to be increase their effort on machine data collection using sensors and the data analysis through edge computing and cloud computing.

Presented by
Prof. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao
Industrial Engineering Knowledge Center
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com

Machine Time Calculation - Estimation - Bibliography

Calculation of Machining Time for Drilling Operations
Published by Carmella Hicks
2018
https://slideplayer.com/slide/13467978/


Machining time-estimating method for wire electrical discharge machine and control device for wire electrical discharge machine
2015-05-29
Application filed by 株式会社牧野フライス製作所
2015-05-29
Priority to PCT/JP2015/065651
2016-12-08
Publication of WO2016194072A1
https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2016194072A1/en


Estimation of Machining Time for CNC Manufacturing Using Neural Computing
2016
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311646006_Estimation_of_Machining_Time_for_CNC_Manufacturing_Using_Neural_Computing

http://answer2questn.blogspot.com/2014/03/machining-time-of-facing-operation-in.html on CNC machine