Introduction - Abrasive Waterjet Machining
Abrasive waterjet machines are introduced to the automotive, aerospace, and glass industries in 1982. Waterjets were first operated in industry in 1970. Waterjets do not use abrasives and therefore cannot machine as many materials as abrasive jets can. Abrasive jets can machine a wide range of materials including composites, glass, ceramics, titanium and hardened steel. The abrasive used to do the cutting is typically garnet and has a Moh hardness of 6.5-7.5. The Moh hardness of diamond is (defined to be) 10.
Abrasive jets provide remarkable accuracy and quality of finish; abrasive jets are typically advertised to be accurate within +/- 0.005in. They can be used for drilling, sawing, broaching, gear cutting, profile milling, piercing, slitting, spline cutting and blanking,
The advantagesof abrasive waterjet machining.
· Abrasive jets can cut through any material softer than garnet.
· The finish of high quality and the piece looks as though it had been sandblasted. Deburring may not necessary after a piece has been machined by an abrasive jet.
· No heat is required. As a result, parts do not experience structural changes from overheating. There are no toxic wastes given off by abrasive waterjets and no cooling oils are necessary in the process of machining.
The abrasive jet is controlled by a computer and software enhancements of recent years have made it possible for less experienced operators to machine parts using the machine. The use of this machine is now much more common.
What is cutting kerf?
Kerf = Width
Kerf is defined as the width of material that is removed by a cutting process. It was originally used to describe how much wood was removed by a saw, because the teeth on a saw are bent to the side, so that they remove more material than the width of the saw blade itself, preventing the blade from getting stuck in the wood.
Kerf width is a measure of how much material is removed. When talking about CNC shape cutting with typical cutting processes, kerf is the width of material that the process removes as it cuts through the plate.
Typical Kerf Width for 1/2” thick C.S. (mild steel):
Plasma: 0.150”
Oxy-Fuel: 0.045”
Waterjet: 0.035”
Laser: 0.025”
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Trade Articles
https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/waterjetcutting/maximizing-waterjet-cutting-profit
https://www.practicalmachinist.com/vb/cnc-machining/abrasive-water-jet-prices-189765/
https://shopmetaltech.com/fabricating-technology/fabricating/10-ways-to-save-time-and-money.html
Abrasive Waterjet Machining - Productivity Science
Optimization Factors in Abrasive-Waterjet Machining
M. Hashish
J. Eng. Ind. Feb 1991, 113(1): 29-37
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2899619
OPEN ACCESS
Performance Analysis of Abrasive Waterjet Machining Process at Low Pressure
M Murugan1, MA Gebremariam1, Z Hamedon1 and A Azhari1
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 319, The 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Manufacturing Systems and the 3rd International Manufacturing Engineering Conference 7–8 December 2017, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Citation M Murugan et al 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 319 012051
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/319/1/012051
Abrasive water jet machining of UHMWPE and trade-off optimization
Materials and Manufacturing Processes Volume 35, 2020 - Issue 12
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10426914.2020.1772486
On the Effect of Multiple Passes on Kerf Characteristics and Efficiency of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting
Panagiotis Karmiris-Obrata´nski , Nikolaos E. Karkalos , Rafał Kudelski, Emmanouil L. Papazoglou and Angelos P. Markopoulos
Metals 2021, 11, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010074
Published: 1 January 2021
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/1/74/pdf
Important Points
At increased values of waterjet pressure, there is a clear increase of the MRR at higher numbers of passes, meaning that the material removal process becomes more efficient when multiple passes at higher traverse speed are preferred than single machining passes at lower traverse speeds.
For calculation of the cutting efficiency, in the literature, the concept is defined as the amount of material removed per unit mass of abrasive consumed.
For different abrasive mass flow rate values, the increase of machining passes leads usually to higher cutting efficiency in comparison to the efficiency of the single pass machining case, and the same is observed for increasing jet pressure, especially for the highest value of jet pressure where the efficiency for the case with eight passes is almost 1.5 times higher than that of the single pass case.
The authors conclusion: "it can be deduced that a correct combination of process parameters and number of passes can lead to an increase of cutting efficiency, and it was shown that the use of multiple passes is more effective at higher abrasive mass flow rate and jet pressure values."
So there is scope for productivity engineering to determine the right combination of process parameters for a job, machine and tool combinations.
AN OVERVIEW OF ABRASIVE WATERJET MACHINING (AWJM)
A. I. Hassan, J. Kosmol
2015, PDF
Water Jet Machining
H. Hocheng, H. Y. Tsai, K. Chang
Materials Science, 2013, 3
Cut Front Geometry Characterization in Cutting Applications of Brass with Abrasive Water Jet
A. Akkurt
Materials Science, 2010 24
Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Turning Parameters for Machining of Low Density Polyethylene Material Based on Experimental Design Method
F. Kartal, M. Çetin, H. Gökkaya, Z. Yerlikaya
Materials Science 2014 16
Performance Enhancement of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting
V. N. Pi
Engineering 2008 10
Process Monitoring of Abrasive Waterjet Formation
M. Putz, M. Putz, M. Dittrich, Martin Dix
Engineering 2016 7
EVALUATION OF ABRASIVE WATER JET MACHINING PROCESS PARAMETERS ON CUTTING HIGH STRENGTH HARD MATERIAL (ARMOX)
Y. M. Elattar, H. Sonbol, M. Mahdy
Materials Science 2018
A Review on Current Research and Development in Abrasive Waterjet Machining
M. Korat, G. D. Acharya
Engineering 2016 22
Effects of process parameters on surface roughness in abrasive waterjet cutting of aluminium
M. Chithirai Pon Selvan, N. Mohana Sundara Raju, H. Sachidananda
Materials Science 2012 27
Effect of abrasive water jet turning process parameters on surface roughness and material removal rate of AISI 1050 steel
F. Kartal, H. Gökkaya
Materials Science 2015 6
Related Papers
Simulation of abrasive waterjet machining based on unit event features
A. Lebar
Engineering 2003 24
An exploration of an abrasive water jet cutting front profile
S. Zhang
Engineering 2015 11
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Optimization-factors-in-abrasive-waterjet-machining-Hashish/339fd9b27d00cb46a66731173688c55e5da6071b (citations of the papers)
A study of the cutting performance in abrasive waterjet contouring of alumina ceramics and associated jet dynamic characteristics
H. Liu
Engineering 2004 13
More About Machines
2.1.2021
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Display Unit Digital
Material for Construction Stainless steel
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