Human Anatomy - Some Points for IE Students

Muscles
   1. There are three different types of muscles. These are the skeletal muscles, the cardiac muscles and the smooth muscles.
   2. The skeletal type are the those that are trained when people exercise. They are visible in human body.
   3. Most skeletal muscles are directly attached to the bones via tendons.
   4. The smooth muscles are also known as involuntary muscles, and are found within walls of organs. These do their work without conscious control by humans and are within the body. 
   5. The Cardiac muscle is in the heart.
   6. The muscles work by contracting and relaxing. For every contraction a person does, there's another muscular organ that can reverse the movement and reverses it.
   7. Typically, one end of the muscle is attached to a movable part, while the other end is attached to a fixed part.
   8. There are about 640 muscles in the human body.
   9. Almost all of the muscles come in pairs. So there are around 320 pairs.
   10. The muscles are made out of muscle cells which contain thousands or millions of myofibrils.
  11.  "Facia" a type of connection tissue is wrapped around the muscles.

 

 

Each muscle is made up of a large number of muscle fibres, approximately 0.004 inches (0.1 mm) in diameter and ranging in length from 0.2 to 5.5 inches (5-140mm), depending on the size of the muscle. These individual fibres are bound together in bundles by connective tissue. These bundles are penetrated by tiny blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the muscle fibres. Also there are nerves that carry electrical impulses from the spinal cord and brain.

 

In the muscle fibre there are myofibrils and myofilaments. The myofilaments are of two types: thick filaments called as myosin and thin filaments called as actin.

 

(Source: Benjamin Niebel and Frievalds, Methods, Standards and Work Design, 11th Edition)


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A good reference for various systems in the human body

Skeletal system
Muscular system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Excretion system
Endocrine system
Reproductive system
Lymphatic system

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htm

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Lecture Notes of a Course

HUMB 1020 - Introductory Anatomy

Text of overhead transparancies for introductory lectures in anatomy

1. Introduction 
2. Terminology 
3. Bones 
4. Joints 
5. Muscles & Nerves 
6. Circulatory System & Blood 
7. Respiratory System 
8. Digestive System 
9. Excretory & Reproductive Systems
   

 

http://www.leeds.ac.uk/chb/humbmods.html#HUMB1020

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Video Lecturers

Very good videos HD Videos.

1. Lecture #1 : Introduction
2. Lecture #2
3. Lecture #3
4. Lecture #4
5. Lecture #5
6. Lecture #6
7. Lecture #7
8. Lecture #8
9. Lecture #9
10. Lecture #10
11. Lecture #11
12. Lecture #12
13. Lecture #13
14. Lecture #14
15. Lecture #15
16. Lecture #16
17. Lecture #17
18. Lecture #18
19. Lecture #19
20. Lecture #20
21. Lecture #21
22. Lecture #22
23. Lecture #23
24. Lecture #24
25. Lecture #25
26. Lecture #26
27. Nervous System XI
28. Lecture #28
29. Lecture #29
30. Lecture #30
31. Lecture #31
32. Female Reproductive System
33. Lecture #33
34. Lecture #34
35. Lecture #35

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BSC1085:Anatomy and Physiology 1
Hillsborough Community College Online Course , Prof. Nick Ehringer 

http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2633/BSC1085-Anatomy-and-Physiology-1  23 video lecutures

 

1. Lecture #1
2. Lecture #2
3. Lecture #3
4. Lecture #4
5. Lecture #5
6. Lecture #6
7. Lecture #7
8. Lecture #8
9. Lecture #9
10. Lecture #10
11. Lecture #11
12. Lecture #12
13. Lecture #13
14. Lecture #14
15. Lecture #15
16. Lecture #16
17. Lecture #17
18. Lecture #18
19. Lecture #19
20. Lecture #20
21. Lecture #21
22. Lecture #22
23. Lecture #23

 

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original knol number 2652

Human Effort Engineering - Related Research Papers and Articles

 

 

 

 

Ergonomic Evaluation of Work Stations Related With the Operation of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Equipment: Two cases of study,

XV CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL DE ERGONOMIA SEMAC 2009

http://www.semac.org.mx/archivos/congreso11/EVAL5.pdf

 

Gorbel: Loading a milling machine, Richard Howes,  12 May 2008

http://www.ochmagazine.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=102:gorbel-loading-a-milling-machine&catid=43:case-studies&Itemid=65

 

Harshavardhan Gupta's Design Tips Related to Ergonomics

http://www.neubauplan.com/Design%20Tips%2015%20Ergonomics.pdf

 

Machine Ergonomics Enhance Efficiency, November 2008,  G.C. Skipper

http://www.constructionequipment.com/article/CA6612665.html

 

Appl Ergon. 1970 Dec;1(5):302-9.

The ergonomics of vertical turret lathe operation.

 

Lathe Height and Ergonomics  - Forum discussion, 2009

http://www.practicalmachinist.com/vb/general/lathe-height-ergonomics-184599/

 

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF A CAPSTAN LATHE

International Journal of Production Research, Volume 3, Issue 3 1964 , pages 213 - 225

 

 

Ergonomics and Reach Truck Applications

http://www.raymondcorp.com/das/PDF_storage/TechnicalPapers/Form0052.pdf

 

 

Ergonomics of Manual Material Handling

http://www.darcor.com/_common/pdfs/WhitePaperFinal.pdf

 

 

Applied ergonomics for operator compartment design in an EJC 88 XLP loader, S. Thorley and N.D.L. Burger
The Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, JANUARY 2006

http://www.saimm.co.za/Journal/v106n01p043.pdf

 

Ergonomic Seating for Urban Bus Operators, 2000, USA

http://www.atucanada.ca/content_Health_And_Safety/pdf/ergobus.pdf

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Books

 

Ergonomics in manufacturing: raising productivity through workplace improvement By Waldemar Karwowski, Gavriel Salvendy, 1998, SME

http://books.google.com/books?id=UTvILIxCrAoC

 

 

 

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Original Knol 2295

Engineering Economic Appraisal by Industrial Engineering Department

Financial appraisal of a project or a capital expenditure proposal, internally and externally is a well established procedure. Similar to financial appraisal of project, there has to be engineering economic appraisal of the project by industrial engineering department. Engineering economic appraisal focuses on assuring the organization that the best economic engineering alternatives are utilized in the project. Industrial engineers with focus on system efficiency engineering are best suited for this appraisal. Engineering economic analysis is economic analysis of engineering alternatives with the objective of selecting best economic engineering alternative. Industrial engineers are the bridge between engineering disciplines and the business disciplines. So they can evaluate whether all available engineering alternatives were brought into decision making or not and whether appropriate economic analysis was carried out or not.

The google search indicated that the term "engineering ecnomic appraisal" was used earlier by Graham A. Davis Colorado School of Mines Golden in the statement "a more appropriate title would be An Engineering-Economic Appraisal of a Natural Gas Transmission and Distribution System: An Indonesian Case Study.

in the book review of The Economic Appraisal of Natural Gas Projects By WILLEM J. H. VAN GROENENDANL. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 230 pages. ISBN 0-19-730019-7 in The Energy Journal,  July, 1999 ( http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/55367379.html ) 

Original Knol 2306

Gear Manufacturing - Industrial Engineering

Integrating Six Sigma and Theory of Constraints in Gear Cutting 

Boom machines six sigma improvement
Gear manufacturers sharpen their teeth
Hard Alloy Gear Circular Saw Blades

State of Gear Technology 2011

Evaluating Six Sigma Implementation in Medium Scale Automotive Enterprises - R.U. Sambhe, IJEST, March 2011

Six Sigma in India: Analysis on  Benefits drawn by Indian Industries - Darshak A. Desai , JIEM, December 2009


Consultants

Six Sigma India  http://www.sixsigmaindia.net/

Case Study for Class Discussion
Six Sigma Consultancy by Wipro Technologies

Engineering Economics - Books and Contents

            

 

 

Engineering Economy, 6/e, Leland Blank and Anthony Tarquin, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005

 

Table of Contents :

 

Level 1 This is How It All Starts
Chapter 1: Foundations of Engineering Economy
Chapter 2: Factors: How Time and Interest Affect Money
Chapter 3: Combining Factors
Chapter 4: Nominal and Effective Interest Rates
Level 2 Tools for Evaluating Alternatives
Chapter 5: Present Worth Analysis
Chapter 6: Annual Worth Analysis
Chapter 7: Rate of Return Analysis: Single Alternative
Chapter 8: Rate of Return Analysis: Multiple Alternatives
Chapter 9: Benefit/Cost Analysis and Public Sector Economics
Chapter 10: Making Choices: the Method, MARR, and Multiple Attributes
Level 3 Making Decisions on Real-World Projects
Chapter 11: Replacement and Retentions Decisions
Chapter 12: Selection from Independent Projects Under Budget Limitation
Chapter 13: Breakeven Analysis
Level 4 Rounding Out the Study
Chapter 14: Effects of Inflation
Chapter 15: Cost Estimation and Indirect Cost Allocation
Chapter 16: Depreciation Methods
Chapter 17: After-Tax Economic Analysis
Chapter 18: Formalized Sensitivity Analysis and Expected Value Decisions
Chapter 19: More on Variation and Decision Making Under Risk

 

 

Engineering Economic Analysis: Student's Quick Study Guide,  Donald G. Newnan, Edward W. Wheeler, Ed Wheeler, Ted Eschenbach, Jerome P. Lavelle, Contributor Ed Wheeler, Oxford University Press US, 2004

 

Table of Contents :

 

Course Summary

cash flow, rate of return, salvage value

Making Economic Decisions

50 cents, Property taxes, Lbs of raw

Engineering Costs and Cost Estimating

Weakley county, Factory overhead, gizmo

Interest and Equivalence

Solution F, compounded monthly, interest

More interest Formulas

effective interest rate, Effective annual rate, continuously compounded

Present Worth Analysis

salvage value, net present value, effective interest rate

Annual Cash Flow Analysis

interest rate, equivalent uniform annual, EUAW

Rate of Return Analysis

interpolate, Solution F, if dividends

7A Difficulties Solving for an interest Rate

following cash flow, interpolation, Accumulated Cash Flow

1ncremental Analysis

Salvage Value, Big Bite, Choose most expensive

Other Analysis Techniques

payback period, breakeven, Sim City

Uncertainty in Future Events

Salvage Value, megawatt, Gaseous diffusion

Depreciation

book value, MACRS, diatomaceous earth

Income Taxes

income tax, Taxes ATCF, SOYD

Replacement Analysis

equivalent annual cost, heat exchanger, EACA

1nflation and Price Change

capital gains tax, property tax, payback

Selection of a Minimum Attractive Rate of Return

Backhoe, Cost of Capital, model Y

Economic Analysis in the Public Sector

equivalent annual cost, benefit-cost ratio, interest rate

Rationing Capital Among Competing Projects

Capital Budget, Present Worth, Worth of Benefits

Accounting and Engineering Economy

Current Liabilities, Current Assets, Quick ratio

 

Engineering Economics, 4th Edition, James L. Riggs, David D. Bedworth, and Sabah U. Randhawa

McGraw Hill, New York, 1996

 

Table of Contents :


    1. Introduction to Engineering Economics
    2. Time Value of Money
    3. Present-Worth Comparisons
    4. Equivalent Annual-Worth Comparisons
    5. Rate-of-Return Calculations
    6. Structural Analysis of Alternatives
    7. Replacement Analysis
    8. Analysis of Public Projects
    9. Depreciation and Income Tax Considerations
    10. Effects of Inflation
    11. Sensitivity Analysis
    12. Break-even Analysis
    13. Risk Analysis
    14. Multistage Sequential Analysis
    15. Multiattribute Decision Making

 

http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/engineering-economics-books-and-contents/ 2utb2lsm2k7a/ 247

Safety Gloves

Introduction

Operators’ hands at work are extremely vulnerable to a wide range of hazards which include cuts, blows, chemical attack and temperature extremes. Safety gloves protect hands of operators from such hazards.

There is a growing insistence on the use of "job fitted" safety gloves that meet each of the users' specific requirements and manufacturers of safety gloves are able to meet this demand.

(Source for the picture: http://www.alphabetsigns.com/p/SS032611/  [3])

OSHA Standards on Hand Protection - 1910.138 


1910.138(a)
 General requirements. Employers shall select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection when employees' hands are exposed to hazards such as those from skin absorption of harmful substances; severe cuts or lacerations; severe abrasions; punctures; chemical burns; thermal burns; and harmful temperature extremes.  1910.138(b)
Selection. Employers shall base the selection of the appropriate hand protection on an evaluation of the performance characteristics of the hand protection relative to the task(s) to be performed, conditions present, duration of use, and the hazards and potential hazards identified.

 

 

European Standards for Gloves [1]

Implies that the gloves comply with the basic requirements laid down by the EEC directive: Personal Protective Equipment.

Simple Design (Category 1)

For areas of 'minimal risk' where the effects of not wearing a glove are easily reversible or superficial. Such products are self certified.

Intermediate Design (Category 2)

For areas of specific risk i.e. mechanical risks. Such products will have been EC type tested against European test methods and certified by a notified body.

Complex Design (Category 3)

For areas/applications that can seriously or irreversibly harm the health. Such products, in addition to the CE type test, will also have to be either produced under an approved quality system OR be typed tested on an annual basis.

EN 388 - This standard applies to all kinds of protective gloves giving protection from mechanical risks, in respect of physical problems caused by abrasion, blade cut, puncture, or tearing. This standard also covers risk of electrostatic discharge.
EN 374 - This standard specifies the capability of gloves to protect the user against chemicals and/or micro-organisms.
EN 511 - This standard applies to gloves which protect the hands against convective and contact cold.
EN 407 - This standard specifies thermal performance for protective gloves against heat and/or fire.
EN 659 - This standard defines performance requirements for gloves designed to protect fire fighters against heat and flames.
If a glove is to be used for food handling, it is required to carry either the words 'for food use' or this symbol.

	Mechanical Hazards EN 388	Performance Level
a) Abrasion resistance		0-4
b) Blade-cut resistance		0-5
c) Tear resistance		0-4
d) Puncture resistance		0-4
	EN 511 : Cold	Performance Level
a) Convective cold		0-4
b) Contact cold		0-4
c) Water proofness		0-1

	Thermal Hazards EN 407	Performance Level
a) Burning behaviour		0-4
b) Contact heat		0-4
c) Convective heat		0-4
d) Radiant heat		0-4
e) Small splashes of molten metal		0-4
f) Large splashes of molten metal		0-4

Types of Safety Gloves

General purpose

Latex (Natural rubber) gloves

Nitrile glove

Cut protection gloves

http://www2.dupont.com/Personal_Protection/en_US/products/kevlar/cut_products.html

Chemical protection gloves

Material of glove,

PVA

PVC

Butyl Rubber

(some more to be included)

Types of Gloves - Bibliography

http://www.dawginc.com/protective-gloves-ar1

http://www.safetycommunity.com/profiles/blogs/what-are-the-different-types

http://www.ehs.berkeley.edu/hs/63-laboratory-safety/94-glove-selection-and-usage.html

Safety Glove Manufacturers and  Suppliers 

India:

Vinit Gloves Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd. [2] is an 100% export oriented company. They are are manufacturers & exporters of Industrial Leather Gloves from Kolkata, India. the product range includes rigger gloves. driver gloves and welder gloves.

UK:

Greenham Safety Gloves, UK [1] offers a comprehensive range of safety gloves - in excess of 200 different types and styles from which to choose.

Fix8 Ltd [5] have a range of safety gloves and other safety equipment for most, if not all work needs. Fix8 also have a large number of many other construction and industrial supplies to offer as a large UK supplier of industrial products.


USA:
Superior Glove Ltd, USA [4] has been in business since 1910. It has  three manufacturing facilities and sells over 250, 000 pairs of gloves a day.
Safety Signs [3] have a list of safety signs and produce many other types of signs for all sorts of businesses and uses.

References:

1. Greenham Safety Gloves, http://safety-gloves.greenham.com/

2. Vinit Gloves Manufacturing Pvt. Ltd., http://www.vinitgloves.com/

3.  Safety Signs, http://www.alphabetsigns.com/c/SS00/safety-signs.html

4. Superior Glove Ltd, http://www.superiorglove.com/about/index.asp

5. Fix8 Ltd, Safety Gloves http://www.fix8.co.uk/products/PPE+Safety+Equipment/Safety+Gloves

Bibliography

1. Chemical Glove Selection for farm workers, http://www.elcosh.org/docs/d0100/d000155/d000155.html

2. Medical gloves - FAQs, http://www.kchealthcare.com/LrnFAQsQandA.asp?id=804&CategoryName=Medical%20Gloves%20-%20Standards%20and%20Regulations

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Social networking site for safety professionals

http://www.safetycommunity.com/

Original post
http://knol.google.com/k/ safety-gloves, Knol Number 1148