Acknowledging the necessity for elucidating these three terms in the literature on IORs, Gulati, Wohlgezogen, and Zhelyazkov (2012) and Kretschmer and Vanneste (2017) provide a first attempt in the context of strategic alliances. Gulati et al. (2012: 533-537) define coordination as “the deliberate and orderly alignment or adjustment of partners’ actions to achieve jointly determined goals,” while they define cooperation as the “joint pursuit of agreed-on goal(s) in a manner corresponding to a shared understanding about contributions and payoffs.” Their definitions of coordination and cooperation seem closely related: both definitions refer to some action taken toward agreed-on, joint, or common goals. Such an overlap might undercut what is generally understood as construct discriminant validity. They also propose that collaboration is the mere sum of coordination and cooperation among alliance partners.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0149206320901565
Collaboration, Coordination, and Cooperation Among Organizations: Establishing the Distinctive Meanings of These Terms Through a Systematic Literature Review
Xavier Castañer, Nuno OliveiraFirst
Journal of Management, Vol 46, Issue 6, 2020
Research Article
https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320901565
There’s a Difference Between Cooperation and Collaboration
by Ron Ashkenas
April 20, 2015
https://hbr.org/2015/04/theres-a-difference-between-cooperation-and-collaboration
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