Process Study - Process Chart - Gilbreths - 1921
The Process Chart is a device for visualizing a process as a means of improving it. Every detail of a process is more or less affected by every other detail; therefore the entire process must be presented in such form that it can be visualized all at once before any changes are made in any of its subdivisions. In any subdivision of the process under examination, any changes made without due consideration of all the decisions and all the motions that precede and follow that subdivision will often be found unsuited to the ultimate plan of operation.
The process chart is a record of present conditions. It presents, in simple, easily understood, compact form, data which must be collected and examined before any improvement in existing conditions and methods is undertaken.
The use of this process-chart procedure permits recording the existing and proposed methods and changes without the slightest fear of disturbing or disrupting the actual work itself.
Those who are interested in improving their processes of production utilize times of industrial depression for that purpose. Many more could undoubtedly use such procedure of scrutinizing all their processes with the idea of putting them in the best possible condition, if they knew a simple procedure of such analysis.
The process chart has met the tests of a satisfactory working device from an engineering standpoint. It records the present process and can also show proposed process in the same format. Therefore, concerned people understand the changes proposed and the rationale for the change and the benefit expected. It gains the involvement and cooperation of those affected at every stage of the process of recording, analysis, development and implementation. In many instances recording industrial processes in process-chart form and analysis of it has resulted in astonishing improvements.
Process-chart notes and information should be collected and set down in sketch form by a highly intelligent man, with an engineering training and experience, for industrial processes.
The act of investigating sufficiently to make the notes comprehensive and presenting them in good enough condition for the draftsman to prepare sketch, invariably generates many ideas and suggestions for improvement. The process study persons must record these suggestions, good and bad, and file them together with the description of the process chart.
These suggestions and proposed improvements must be later explained to others in presentations.
After the rough notes of the process-chart maker have been redrawn and blueprinted, they are later exhibited in the theater.
If discussions arise as to the correctness of the presentation of the existing facts, or as to further details of the operations being studied, as shown by the simple symbols of the process chart, detailed information needs to be given.
The process chart exhibition in the theater is open to all, members of boards of directors, managers and foremen, and for best results also to certain workmen and clerks who have special craft or process knowledge.
To overcome the obstacles due to habit, worship of tradition and prejudice, discussion needs to be promoted and involvement of many has to be encouraged to secure hearty cooperation of all concerned. Any one can make this form of process chart with no previous experience in making such charts, but the more experience one has in making them, the more certain standard combinations of operations, inspection and transporting (industrial engineers' knowledge bank) can be transferred bodily to advantage to the charts of proposed processes.
If any operation of the process shown in the process chart is one that will sufficiently affect similar work, then motion study should be made of each part of the process, and the degree to which the motion study should be carried depends upon the opportunities existing therein for savings.
Source
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
29 WEST THIRTY-NINTH STREET, NEW YORK
PROCESS CHARTS
FRANK B. GILBRETH
Mem.Am.Soc.M.E.
AND
L. M. GILBRETH
To be presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, 29 West 39th Street, New York, December 5 to 9, 1921.
Process Study and Analysis, Operation Study and Analysis were further elaborated by
Dr. K.V.S.S. Narayana Rao
Parts of process study
• Process Charting - Operation Sequence
• Process Analysis (Make or Buy Decisions, ECRS)
• Operation Analysis (For each operations - Machines & Facilities and Human Effort)
• Machine Work Study
• Method Study (Work place and working conditions improvement)
• Motion Study (Human effort reduction)
• Time Study (operation Simplication)
• Work Measurement
• Cost Measurement
• Productivity Measurement
• Quality Assessment, Safety Assessment
Process study - Method study.
Operation Study - Operation Analysis
Industrial Engineering - Operation Study - Arthur G. Anderson - 1928.
Using the Operation Analysis Sheet for Methods/Process Improvement - Maynard & Stegemerten
Operation Analysis
Operation Analysis - Explanation by Stegemerten and Demmler in Maynard Handbook - Second Edition
Process Improvement - Process Chart Productivity Analysis Approach - Process Industrial Engineering
Element Study
What is the element in a process?
Production of a part is a process.
A machining step is an operation
The cutting tool used, the angle used on the cutting tool, the cutting fluid used etc. are elements of the operation. Process improvement ranges from element improvement to totally changing the process like buying from outside instead of making it inside.
Every process study has to evaluate all of its elements in a cost effective way to find productivity improvement opportunities.
INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Pdf File. FREE DOWNLOAD.
by Narayana Rao Kvss.
Ud. 9.8.2023, 8.8.2023
Pub 4.6.2023
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