Sunday, December 16, 2012

Information Technology Systems Cost Reduction - Theory and Research Papers


Reducing the Cost of IT operations Is Automation always the Answer?
http://static.usenix.org/event/hotos05/final_papers_backup/brown/brown_html/hotos05.html




Reducing operational costs through MIPS management
 L.M. Kwiatkowski & C. Verhoef
Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
http://www.cs.vu.nl/~x/mips/mips.pdf

Friday, December 14, 2012

Information Systems Industrial Engineering - Online Book



This is the first pass attempt to assemble online and print articles related to the subject


Software Value Engineering


Industrial Engineering in Computer Engineering and Information Technology

Software Value Engineering


Information Productivity Improvement - Bibliography


TPS in Software Develpment - The Seven Wastes in Software Development

Lean Software Development and IT Enabled Services

Software Process Efficiency - Bibliography

Cloud Computing - Cost Reduction Technology - Adoption Case Studies and News

Value Engineering Computer Room Lightning
1984 Save Proceedings
http://www.value-eng.org/knowledge_bank/attachments/VE%20Computer%20Room%20Lighting.pdf



Understanding Software Process Redesign using Modeling, Analysis and Simulation
Presented at the ProSim'99 Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling, Silver Springs, OR 27-29 June 1999
Revised version to appear in Software Process-Improvement and Practice.
Walt Scacchi
Information and Computer Science Dept.
University of California
Irvine, CA 92697-3425 USA
http://www.ics.uci.edu/~wscacchi/Papers/Software_Process_Redesign/Paper-Draft.html


A coordination theory approach to process description and redesign
Kevin Crowston and Charles Osborn
CCS WP #204 SWP # 4029
July 1998
http://ccs.mit.edu/papers/pdf/wp204.pdf


Information Systems - Industrial Engineering  - 4 year course
Binus University
http://curriculum.binus.ac.id/program/information-systems-industrial-engineering/1/




Friday, December 7, 2012

Two Kinds of Technology of Industrial Systems



I explain that role of Industrial engineering by stating that all systems are designed by functional systems specialists first and then they are evaluated and improved by industrial engineers. Industrial engineering is a specialized engineering activity. Safety engineering, reliability engineering etc. are some more specialized engineering branches that have a role in systems design.

In management systems also the original design is done by that functional management specialist and industrial engineers improve efficiency in the next iteration of design.

Quan-qing Li and Ming Li of Zhengzhou Institute of Aeronautical Industry Management expressed the same view in their paper "Thinking about the Application and Development Strategy of Industrial Engineering" presented in the IEEE 2011 conference on Industrial Engineering.

Every system has inputs, conversion process and output. The system design involves both specialized engineering technology and industrial engineering technology. The specialized engineering technology solves the problem of "is it possible?"  It makes the system come into existence and deliver the required output. It is industrial engineering technology that will make the system give good output from the given resources. It makes the system run with high efficiency and low cost. "Improving elements of operations" and "Seeking optimization" are the characteristic of Industrial engineering.


Many times entrepreneurs neglect industrial engineering because even without IE, the system is running and giving desired output. The short-sighted entrepreneurs do not see the waste that is being incurred in the system. Many times it is invisible to them until they lose the battle in the market place due to high cost of their product.

Wednesday, November 28, 2012

Payback Period - Estimation of Cash Flows and Determination of Payback Period





Payback Period

Payback period is an investment appraisal metric. This period will indicate the number of years it will take to get back the cash initially invested in a project. The period is calculated using the estimated cash flows, both outflows and inflows.

Cashflow Estimation - Some Principles

Cash flows of a project have to be estimated for a time horizon. The time horizon is the minimum of physical life of the plant, technological life of the plant, or the product market life.

In estimating the cash flows of a project, incremental principles (that considers all incidental effects), separation of investment and financing principle, post-tax principle and consistency principles are employed.

Incremental principle

In an existing company, the cash flows are to be estimated by evaluating the cash flows of the company with the project and without the project. The difference will be incremental cash flows related to the project.

Separation of investment and financing principle

In a standard capital expenditure analysis, interest payment to be made on borrowings is not brought into the picture. Borrowing is considered a financing decision and its impact is included in the cost of capital estimation. Hence cash flow estimates do not have any interest payment of component.

Post-tax principle

Tax impact on the cash flow is considered and after tax cash flows are estimated.

Consistency principle

The inflation expectation built into estimation of revenues and costs and cost of capital have to be consistent or same.

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Some Examples Issues That I came Across Recently

1. Acquisition of a software by a design department.
2. Replacement of boiler tubes.
3. Replacement of an electronic equipment as some cards used in the equipment are not available anymore for replacement (the equipment manufacturer is not supplying those cards anymore as the equipment is phased out for production).

The approval authority for the expenditures wants the concenred departments to calculate the payback period for the expenditure proposals.

Originally Knol 1952

Estimation of Cash Flows for Engineering Economic Analysis



An investment proposal or an expenditure proposal must have estimated benefits and costs for doing engineering economic analysis. For simple proposals, the engineer making the proposal may be able to make these estimates. For complex proposals, involvement of marketing, production, maintenance and other operating departments and accounting department may be necessary. The estimation of benefits and costs are to be made keeping in mind the following principles.


Cash flow Estimation - Basic Principles

Time horizon

Cash flows of a project have to be estimated for a time horizon. The time horizon is the minimum of physical life of the plant, technological life of the plant, or the product market life.

Cash flow principle

In economic analysis, it is actual cash flow that is used. So the time at which actual cash is received or paid is to be estimated along with the amount of cash flow.



In estimating the cash flows of a project, incremental principle (that considers all incidental effects), separation of investment and financing principle, post-tax principle and consistency principles are employed.

Incremental principle

In an existing company, the cash flows are to be estimated by evaluating the cash flows of the company with the project and without the project. The difference will be incremental cash flows related to the project.


Long-term funds principle

The cash flows reflect the benefits that accrue to long-term funds.

Interest exclusion principle - Separation of investment and financing principle

In a standard capital expenditure analysis, interest payment to be made on borrowings is not brought into the picture. Borrowing is considered a financing decision and its impact is included in the cost of capital estimation. Hence cash flow estimates do not have any interest payment  component (interest paid for long term funds).

Post-tax principle

Tax impact on the cash flow is considered and after tax cash flows are estimated.

Consistency principle

The inflation expectation built into estimation of revenues and costs and cost of capital have to be consistent or same.


Thus, in estimating the cash flows of a project, incremental principle (that considers all incidental effects), separation of investment and financing principle, post-tax principle and consistency principles are employed.

Saturday, November 24, 2012

Opportunity to increase manufacturing resource productivity - McKinsey Article



June 2012


Stephan Mohr,  an associate principal in McKinsey’s Munich office, Ken Somers,  a consultant in the Antwerp office, Steven Swartz,  a principal in the Chicago office, and Helga Vanthournout, s a consultant in the Geneva office jointly authored an article published in McKinsey Quarterly, 2012 June on the theme Manufacturing Resource Productivity.

They observed that cost of inputs especially raw materials and energy are going up as production and consumption of manufactured goods is going up in emerging countries. Therefore variable cost is going up as a proportion of production expenses.

But companies have a visible opportunity of reducing these variable costs. Companies who make use of these opportunities will have operational stability compared to organization who ignore them and hence likely to suffer volatility.

The opportunities are in four areas: Production process redesign, Product redesign, Value recovery from used products that are with consumers, and Supply circle management.

Processes can be redesigned to save 20 to 30% energy.

Product redesign can be undertaken to reduce material use by 30%. At the same time design changes can be brought in to their potential for recycling and reuse.

The benefit can go up to 50% if the mechanism and recycling and reuse are put in place with bringing consumers into the loop to recover used products from them.

Once a company is successful with these initiatives, it can implement them in its supply partner organizations.

Read the full article
http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Manufacturing_resource__productivity_2982

Origins of Industrial Engineering



Even though Frederick Taylor is called the father of industrial engineering, there are scholars who identified the need for efficiency and productivity in engineering activity or manufacturing activity and even developed some principles.

Adam Smith in his book Wealth of Nations right in the first chapter discussed productivity of labor.


On the economy of machinery and manufactures - Charles Babbage , 1832
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=cTNVAAAAMAAJ

The Philosophy of Manufactures: Or an Exposition of the Scientific, Moral,  and Commercial Economy
Published 1835
Andrew Ure, Glasgow, Great Britain
http://archive.org/stream/philosophymanuf01uregoog#page/n5/mode/2up


John Stuart Mill Economics

On What depends the degree of productiveness of productive agents
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/m/mill/john_stuart/m645p/book1.7.html#book1.7

Of Production on a large, and production on a small scale
http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/m/mill/john_stuart/m645p/book1.9.html

Sunday, October 21, 2012

Industrial Engineering in Cement Production by Thomas Edison



Edison got a patent for efficient method of burning portland cement clinker in 1915.

In this patent, Edison suggested diameter to length ration of the kiln as one to twenty seven. This operation requires only 75 pounds of coal per barrel of clinker.

Patent details

http://edison.rutgers.edu/patents/01152613.PDF


Patent list of Edison in the area of cement
http://edison.rutgers.edu/cemepats.htm 

Saturday, October 20, 2012

20 October - Birthday Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett - Ergonomics




Birthday of Sir Frederic Charles Bartlett is 20 October, 1886

He was an English psychologist who was Britain's most outstanding cognitive psychologist between the World Wars. He wrote on practical (ergonomic) problems in applied psychology, but is best-known for his pioneering cognitive approach to understanding human memory. In forming one of the earliest models of memory, Bartlett observed that in remembering stories or events there is a tendency for distortions to occur.

His famous article on Future of Ergonomics in 1962

http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pdf/spissue/terg-si.pdf

Engineering "Industrial Engineering" Curriculum



Industrial Engineering curriculum can have now many subjects with the term Industrial Engineering in it.

IE in Different Functions
_______


Product Design Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/maintenance-system-industrial.html

Information Systems Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/information-systems-industrial.html

Financial System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/financial-system-industrial-engineering.html

Marketing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/marketing-system-industrial-engineering.html

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/supply-chain-industrial-engineering.html

Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/manufacturing-system-industrial.html

Total Cost Industrial Engineering - Industrial Engineering of Enterprise Cost
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html


Quality System Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/quality-system-industrial-engineering.html
__________________



________________________________

IE for Different Technologies

Nano Technology Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/nano-technology-industrial-engineering.html


____________________

IE in Different Sectors of Industries

Health Care - Hospital Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/health-care-hospital-industrial.html



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Thursday, October 18, 2012

Project Industrial Engineering


Project Industrial Engineering - An Explanation


Industrial Engineering is human effort engineering and system efficiency engineering. It has multiple techniques used to identify and eliminate waste, i.e improving efficiency or productivity and thus reduce cost from designs or plans or ongoing activities

Project industrial engineering has a role in project design, project execution and project management.

Project industrial engineering is concerned  with efficient resource use in projects.
Value engineering is applied in project design. In USA, in all civil engineering projects application of  value engineering is an important step. In the execution of project manpower is used and human effort engineering component of industrial engineering has an important role to play in manpower planning. MOST based time estimation and manpower planning is becoming popular. Construction processes can be subjected to process efficient improvement studies. Mathematical and OR based optimization needs to be utilized in project execution and as well as project management. Engineering economic analysis is applied in project design, execution and management activities.

Project industrial engineering can be organized as a separate function in project organizations and it can pay for itself as a overhead activity by identifying and eliminating waste in plans and designs developed by functional engineers and managers.


Project Value Engineering



what is the meaning of value engineer the project?
http://www.value-eng.org/pdf_docs/What_is_VE.pdf

Value engineering of public transport projects
http://publictransport.about.com/od/Transit_Planning/a/Value-Engineering.htm

Idaho Transport Department - Value Engineering Guidelines
http://itd.idaho.gov/manuals/online_manuals/current_manuals/ITD%20Value%20Engineering/FINAL%20ITD%20Value%20Engineering%20Guidance.pdf

Human Effort Engineering in Projects


Efficient Use of Personnel in a Project
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog584/l4_p3.html

Efficient Use of Resources


Gathering and analysis of work performance information is essential to the project management plan and should be considered a priority. Work performance information contributes to the efficient use of resources

http://project-management-knowledge.com/definitions/w/work-performance-information/


Efficient Use of Construction Resources

http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/PDU/docs/pdf/pdltnotice09.pdf


Equipment Efficiency

EQUIPMENT UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT PLAN (EUMP) GUIDE
2001
http://www.swf.usace.army.mil/pubdata/logist/Docs/EUMP.pdf

Conceptual Construction Equipment Utilization Plan
http://www.ictf-jpa.org/document_library/application_development_project_approval/App%20B.pdf

Equipment Cost - Presentation
http://www.assakkaf.com/Courses/ENCE420/Lectures/chapter3a.pdf


Labor, Material and Equipment Utilization in Construction Projects
http://pmbook.ce.cmu.edu/04_labor,_material,_and_equipment_utilization.html

CKGP/PW Industrial Engineers - Consultants



CKGP/PW & Associates, Inc. All Rights Reserved
989 Chicago Rd., Troy, MI  48083
Program Management  •  Manufacturing & Paint Process Engineering  •  Productivity Improvement



http://www.ckgppw.com/template.php?pid=43

http://www.ckgppw.com/template.php?pid=35

http://www.ckgppw.com/template.php?pid=36

http://www.ckgppw.com/template.php?pid=37

Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Cement Technology and Industry Industrial Engineering







Maintenance Practices in Cement Industry
Hani Shafeek, Faculty of Engineering ,Industrial Engineering Department
, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh Branch, KSA
Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
2012 paper
http://www.asian-transactions.org/journals/vol01issue06/ate/ate-70115068.pdf




Technological Trends in Cement Industry - Energy and Environmental impact
http://www.energymanagertraining.com/Journal/Technological%20Trends%20in%20Cement%20Industry.pdf

Seminar on Energy Conservation in Cement Industry 1994
http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/puffk/cement.pdf

Tuesday, October 16, 2012

Operations Industrial Engineering


Operations of a manufacturing company include research and development, product design, process design, manufacturing, supply of materials and components, quantity, quality and cost planning and control, maintenance and distribution. Operations of service companies also have  similar activities.


Product Design Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/maintenance-system-industrial.html

Information Systems Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/information-systems-industrial.html


Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/supply-chain-industrial-engineering.html

Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/manufacturing-system-industrial.html

Total Cost Industrial Engineering - Industrial Engineering of Enterprise Cost
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html


Quality System Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/quality-system-industrial-engineering.html
__________________

Sunday, October 14, 2012

Financial Industrial Engineering - Scope




IE is strategic. That is why even today Taylor is part of all management text books. But the contribution of IEs after Taylor era is not significant.

Cost is strategic. Cost provides you the competitive advantage. Porter clearly stated it.
But what is the contribution of IEs to this strategic dimension? You can't find any from the published material. Either IEs are not contributing much or they are not making it visible.

IEs have a role in New product/service design. Target costing brought this role into much more focus. Once again I do not see any IE contributions in published material in this initiative. IEs are not contributing significantly in their core strategic area of importance to the organization. Bottom line improvement given a budgeted top line is extremely important strategic function every period and if IEs contribute to it by providing well laid out plans understood by managers, they will be appreciated, recognized and will be given board positions. IEs have to contribute significantly to the management of the Total cost of the enterprise and this may be called Total cost industrial engineering. You may make it a component of the Financial industrial engineering. Engineering economic appraisal can also become part of the financial industrial engineering. Engineering economic appraisal is techno-economic evaluation of the engineering proposals from the industrial engineering point of view - that is efficiency point of view.

It is the contribution of IE department to the bottom line in every period and in every project and in every new product and service that gives brand value to the profession. Financial Industrial Engineering has to be the contribution of IE function expressed in financial terms and the subject must have the tools to make IEs understand the scope for their activities, and to state the results of their activities in financial terms.

There is separately Financial System Industrial Engineering, which is application of IE tools and expertise to the financial and accounting system of the organization.

My comment in Linkedin Group of IIE
http://www.linkedin.com/groupAnswers?viewQuestionAndAnswers=&discussionID=57146433&gid=75670&commentID=99294355

Functional Industrial Engineering Subjects


The idea was mooted in September 2012.

Industrial engineering has a focus in system efficiency and will help every business function to improve efficiency of effective system designed for it by functional specialists of that discipline. Industrial engineers have actually shown results in every business function with their methods, tools and techniques. The IE tools and techniques are getting enlarged, improved and enriched by the involvement  of all in the area of efficiency improvement. IE department and professionals are always willing to learn new things and methods that help in improving the efficiency of systems and apply them in practice.

Product Design Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/maintenance-system-industrial.html

Information Systems Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/information-systems-industrial.html

Financial System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/financial-system-industrial-engineering.html

Marketing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/marketing-system-industrial-engineering.html

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/supply-chain-industrial-engineering.html

Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/manufacturing-system-industrial.html

Total Cost Industrial Engineering - Industrial Engineering of Enterprise Cost
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html


Quality System Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/quality-system-industrial-engineering.html
__________________

Comment in Linkedin Group of IIE

I feel one channel to improve brand recognition is to create subjects in industrial engineering for each business function and sector. I am making a beginning and trying to collect papers, articles, case studies and presentations that are focused on each business function.

Product Design Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/product-design-industrial-engineering.html

Maintenance System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/maintenance-system-industrial.html

Information Systems Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/information-systems-industrial.html

Financial System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/financial-system-industrial-engineering.html

Marketing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/marketing-system-industrial-engineering.html

Supply Chain Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/supply-chain-industrial-engineering.html

Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/manufacturing-system-industrial.html

Total Cost Industrial Engineering - Industrial Engineering of Enterprise Cost
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html

The idea is to collect up to 100 articles for each subject. Even though the collection looks haphazard at the beginning, we can classify them better at a later stage. I need to circulate these lists to large number of students and alumni and request them to suggestion more for inclusion.


________________________________

IE for Different Technologies

Nano Technology Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/nano-technology-industrial-engineering.html


____________________

IE in Different Sectors of Industries

Health Care - Hospital Industrial Engineering
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2012/10/health-care-hospital-industrial.html

Saturday, October 13, 2012

Industrial Engineering Course Pages and Notes

Engineering Economy or Economics


Professor Rakesh Negi, SUNY Buffalo
Facilities Design
Professor Rakesh Negi, SUNY Buffalo


Engineering Project Management

http://www.usc.edu/dept/ise/assets/001/21165.pdf
Prof Erich Kreidler, USC
More files from USC http://www.usc.edu/dept/ise/assets/ (important source)

Human Factors, Ergonomics

Human Factors practicum
Prof. Colin Drury, SUNY Bufflalo
Introduction to Work Design
Dr. Andris Freivalds, Penn State University
Mechanics of the Musculoskeletal System
Dr. Andris Freivalds, Penn State University
Methods, Work Measurement and Employee Motivation
Dr. Andris Freivalds, Penn State University



Optimization

Operations Research - Jayant Rajagopal
http://www.pitt.edu/~jrclass/or/web.htm

NonLinear Programming Theory
http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~nemirovs/OPTIII_LectureNotes.pdf

Probability and Applied Probability, Statistiscs
Prof. Wayne F. Bialas, SUNY Buffalo
Work Design - Productivity and Safety
Dr. Andris Freivalds, Penn State University


Production - Manufacturing Systems


Networks, Routing and Logistics
http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~nagi/courses/684/4.shortestpath.pdf


Sustainability Engineering
http://engineering.utep.edu/sustainabilityengineering/files/IE%204395%20-%20Syllabus.pdf

Friday, October 12, 2012

Lean Six Sigma Methods - MIT Course YouTube Videos - Part 3


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Lean Six Sigma Methods - MIT Course Contents - Part 1


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Accelerating Product Engineering Processes Across Semiconductor Supply Chain Using Serus' MPM Solutions for Rapid ROI.



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Tuesday, October 9, 2012

Operator Training for Productivity and Efficiency





CASE STUDIES IN VALUE IMPROVEMENT IN HARDWOOD TIMBER HARVESTING OPERATIONS IN THE
SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS (Through Training)
Hylton J.G. Haynes
2002 MS Thesis
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08282002-145228/unrestricted/hhTHESIS.pdf

Operations training - Zenith Technologies
http://www.zenithtechnologies.com/downloads/ZT%20Approach%20to%20Operations%20Training.pdf


THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON WORKER PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY
2009 MBA thesis
http://dspace.knust.edu.gh:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/628/1/Irene%20Ferguson%20Laing.pdf

Value Engineering Tablet Computer - Design and Development of Tablet Computer for Masses



What is value engineering of IPad?

Value engineering of IPad means that current specifications of the IPad are not disturbed, the look and feel of the device is not disturbed, the customer should not feel any difference between the new instrument and the old instrument,but its cost has to come down.

What manufacturers like Datawind have tried to do with low cost tablet computer projects ($35 per tablet) is to come out with barebone models that have different specifications but tried to provide the essential function of the tablet computer, access to internet. It may be a difficult job, but they have done it. The effort they had put into the activity could facilitate value engineering of IPad.


What Datawind has done to manufacture tablet computers at $35?

The tablet has over 800 components sourced from various places around the world[1].

While many manufacturers  buy modules or sub-assemblies, which usually have high markups, Datawind bought components and assembled them into modules.  They get a bunch of finished components and put the device together in an assembly factory.

Removing the margins on the modules and going down to the component level helped Datawind to get components at lower prices. It was able to use low cost processes for assembling them into modules. By buying the LCD screen (most expensive component) in semi-finished condition,  Datawind was able to push its cost down to under 10$. It completed the remaining processes in its assembly facility[1].

Tuli, CEO of Datawind  explained thatDataWind was able to cut down the price to US$8/unit because the firm purchased uncompleted units and did the rest of the gluing and soldering needed to finish the job[4].



Akash Tablet PC utilizes 35% components from South Korea, 25% from China, and 16% from both India and the US. Remaining components are being arranged from all over the world depending upon where the cheapest source is.




Akash Tablet PC has a 7 inch display that has a resolution of 800×400 PIXELS. It weighs around 350g. It runs on Android 2.2 Froyo and is packed with 366 MHz processor with internal memory of 2 GB. The memory can be increased using micro SD cards. The battery (2100mAh) runs for about 3 hours[2].

DataWind also opted for the free Android operating system and tweaked it to work on its devices' cheaper but weaker processors (ARM 11 – 366 MHz microprocessors in the case of Aakash)[4].

The Indian government buys the tablet from the company for US$49.98 and resells it for the subsidized cost of US$35/unit[4].


Low Cost Tablets from BEL $72 [3]

By December 2011, BEL delivered 600,000 7-inch tablets to Ministry of Rural Development  (MoRD), and an additional 40,000 units in January 2012. It cost $72,

Interview with Suneet Singh Tuli, CEO, Datawind - Developer of $35 cost tablet computer - 2011
_______________

_______________




References and Bibliography

1. http://oobly.com/2011/10/26/at-35-a-unit-how-did-india-pull-off-the-worlds-cheapest-android-tablet_503/
2. http://www.mygadgetplanet.com/2624/india-does-it-again-with-akash
3. http://forbesindia.com/article/real-issue/what-went-wrong-with-the-aakash-tablet/33218/0#ixzz28nAkppee
4. http://www.pcworld.in/news/datawind-boss-reveals-secrets-behind-aakash-tablet-61052012


Early User Review of Akash Tablet
http://www.aakashtablet.in/2012_01_14_archive.html



Related Information

Electronic manufacturing services - Simmtronics
http://www.simmtronics.com/simtron/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=41

http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/tablet-computer-parts.html

http://www.madeinchina.com/wholesale-catelog/Tablet-PC-Components_009001.shtml

Component price comparison
http://computers.pricegrabber.com/motherboards/p/40/

Monday, October 8, 2012

Performance Rating in Work Measurement - Bibliography



A Survey of Performance Rating Research in Work Measurement
1988 MS Thesis, Kansas State University
http://ia601205.us.archive.org/35/items/surveyofperforma00devo/surveyofperforma00devo.pdf

The University of Michigan - IEOR Faculty Notification - 1 November 2012 Deadline




THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering Faculty Positions
The Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering at the University of Michigan invites applications and nominations for faculty positions beginning September, 2013.
We seek outstanding candidates for faculty positions in the areas of Human Factors and Ergonomics at all levels and in Discrete Event Simulation at all levels. Applicants in research areas including cognitive and physical ergonomics, and system safety are encouraged to apply, as are applicants with research and teaching interests in simulation modeling and analysis.
Candidates must have a Ph.D. and must demonstrate a strong commitment to high-quality research and evidence of teaching potential. Experience related to manufacturing and/or service operations is desirable. Candidates for Associate or Full Professor should have a commensurate record of research publications and are expected to provide organizational and research leadership, develop sources of external funding, build relationships with industry, and interact with faculty colleagues.
Candidates should provide (i) a current C.V., (ii) a list of references, and one page summary statements describing: (iii) career teaching plans; and (iv) research plans. Candidates should have their references send recommendations to us directly at IOEFacultySearch@umich.edu. The deadline for ensuring full consideration of an application is November 1, 2012, but the positions will remain open and applications may still be considered, at the discretion of the hiring committee, until appointments are made.
We seek candidates who will provide inspiration and leadership in research and actively contribute to teaching. We are especially interested in candidates who can contribute, through their research, teaching and/or service, to the diversity and excellence of the academic community. The University of Michigan is responsive to the needs of dual career families.
Please submit your application to the following:

Thursday, September 27, 2012

Marketing System Industrial Engineering - Online Book





Marketing system industrial engineering is the study of resource use in various marketing activities with a view to increasing the efficiency or eliminating the waste wherever possible. While the marketing activities are undertaken to understand and serve the needs of the targeted customers in a market, resources namely, people, equipment, material, information and various services are used in the activities.  The resource use in the marketing activities is carefully investigated by the industrial engineering to identify and remove waste. Industrial engineering succeeded in reducing the cost of many processes designed in the first iteration by the managers up to 50% and hence it is a very important activity in systems design or systems engineering.

Famous example of industrial engineering, is Henry Ford's production system redesign, that reduced the price of the automobile by half.


System Industrial Engineering - System Human Effort Engineering - System Efficiency Engineering


Human Effort Engineering - Techniques

1. Principles of Motion Economy
2. Motion Study
3. Workstation Design
4. Application of Ergonomics and Biomechanics
5. Fatigue Studies
6. Productivity/Safety/Comfort Device Design
7. Standardization of  Methods
8. Operator training
9. Incentive Systems
10. Job Evaluation
11. Learning effect capture
12. Work Measurement


EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING


1. Process Analysis
2. Operation Analysis
3. Layout Efficiency Analysis
4. Value engineering
5. Statistical quality control
6. Statistical inventory control and ABC Classification Based Inventory Sytems
7. Six sigma
8. Operations research
9. Variety reduction
10. Standardization
11. Incentive schemes
12. Waste reduction or elimination
13. Activity based management
14. Business process improvement
15. Fatigue analysis and reduction
16. Engineering economy analysis
17. Learning effect capture and continuous improvement (Kaizen, Quality circles and suggestion schemes)
18. Standard costing


Applications

Application of quantitative analysis in marketing decisions was dealt with in a book by Kotler

The application of industrial engineering to marketing management.
Chapter 33 in Handbook of Industrial and Systems Engineering by Adedeji Badiru
http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/abs/10.1201/9781420038347.ch33

Travelling salesman problem

Counter design problems in Railway reservation counter, banks, call centers

OR analysis of media planning

Distribution center efficiency improvement

Sales Force Productivity Improvement - An Industrial Engineering Activity

What the Difference between Manufacturing Management and Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering




Manufacturing management is planning the manufacturing activity, planning organization of the manufacturing system consisting of equipment, people, materials,  and other resources, acquiring all the resources and directing them and controlling them.

Manufacturing system  industrial engineering is the study of resource use in various manufacturing activities with a view to increasing the efficiency or eliminating the waste wherever possible. While the manufacturing  is designed to produce goods that serve the needs of the targeted customers, the resource use in the design is carefully investigated by the industrial engineering to identify and remove waste. Industrial engineering succeeded in reducing the cost of many processes designed in the first iteration by the managers up to 50% and hence it is a very important activity in systems design or systems engineering.

Famous example of industrial engineering, is Henry Ford's production system redesign, that reduced the price of the automobile by half. Taylor reduced cost of many manufacturing activities. Gilbreth and Harrigton Emerson also achieved similar cost reduction in construction activity and rail road operations.

Wednesday, September 26, 2012

Engineering Management and Industrial Engineering - Comparison

What is the Difference Between Supply Chain Management and Supply Chain Industrial Engineering



Supply chain management is planning the supply chain activity, planning organization of the supply chain consisting of equipment, people, suppliers and other resources, acquiring all the resources and directing them and controlling them.

Supply chain industrial engineering is the study of resource use in various supply chain activities with a view to increasing the efficiency or eliminating the waste wherever possible. While the supply chain is designed to serve the needs of the targeted customers, the resource use in the design is carefully investigated by the industrial engineering to identify and remove waste. Industrial engineering succeeded in reducing the cost of many processes designed in the first iteration by the managers up to 50% and hence it is a very important activity in systems design or systems engineering.

Famous example of industrial engineering, is Henry Ford's production system redesign, that reduced the price of the automobile by half.

What is the Difference Between Industrial Engineering and Management?



Management is selecting a task that is to be done, developing a plan for doing it, creating an organization plan that involves capital equipment, people and other resources, acquiring those resources, recruiting and training people, directing them to accomplish the task by giving them the resources and controlling the activity of the organization so that the task is completed.

Industrial engineering participates in this managerial process, by doing studies of efficiency of resource use. In every major managerial task undertaken by a managers there are many minor tasks termed as processes, activities, and plainly as tasks, operations and elements. Industrial engineers study the efficiency of these processes, activities or tasks and improve them as possible to give more efficiency. Industrial Engineering is a staff service or staff activity in the managerial process.

Do industrial engineers manage? As per the definition of management, every task is to be managed. Industrial engineering activities or projects or studies are also tasks and they are to be managemed. Hence senior industrial engineers act as managers of the IE departments, sections, and projects.


What is Industrial Engineering - YouTube Video Presentation

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Comments on Twitter

By @TanvirMastan
@knoltweet By Name.otherwise course outline is same.

My reply


@TanvirMastan It looks like that because IE curriculums have to cover basics of each and every function of business.

IE curriculums have many management subjects to teach basics of various business functions and their management. But they do not have subjects of IE for each of these business functions. Probably there is enough content for developing IE subject for every business functions. I am making the beginning.

Manufacturing System Industrial Engineering
Supply Chain Industrial Engineering
Marketing System Industrial Engineering
Financial System Industrial Engineering

Sunday, September 23, 2012

System Engineering Process and Its Management

Can industrial engineers design systems internally in IE departments. They may not be able to design any complex system without the involvement of technical pesonnel belonging to the area of technology or management. But they can take the role of management of system design.
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System Engineering and Industrial Engineering

The definition of Industrial engineering says that it is concerned with design, improvement and installation of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy.
Some industrial engineers describe themselves as system designers. Some industrial engineering programs have renamed themselves as industrial and systems engineering. Why such name change was required? Are industrial engineering and system engineering different? If they were different, were they defined differently by the sponsors of these programs? The issue is worthy of exploration.
I advocate that industrial engineering has two core areas of focus: human effort engineering and system efficiency engineering. Therefore, they have a specific role in design of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy. The profession included in its definition concern related to design, improvement and installation of systems of men, materials, machines, information, and energy. Can industrial engineers design systems internally in IE departments. They may not be able to design any complex system without the involvement of technical pesonnel belonging to the area of technology or management. But they can take the role of management of system design.
Hence in industrial engineering curriculums management of system design has to be a subject.
I came across the book, Systems Engineering Guidebook by James Martin published by CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA in 1996. This book is a description of a process framework for implementing the methods of engineering a system. This book describes the management of system design adequately to be a beginning point for exploring the subject. This book is also an outcome of the two internal editions of AT&T process document, which was prepared or chartered by the systems engineering process management team. James Martin was Editor-in-Chief for the second edition of the process document.

Definition of Systems Engineering

Systems Engineering (SE) basically consists of four elements:
1. SE Management plans, organizes, controls and directs the technical development of a system or its products.
2. Requirements and Architecture Definition defines the technical requirements based on stakeholder requirements, defines a strucute (or an architecture) for the system components, and allocates these requirements to the components of this architecuture.
3. Development of Sub Systems
4. System Integration and Verification integrates the components of the architecture at each level of the architecture and verifies that the system requirements for those components are met.
At any level in the architecture, a component can be passed to a development team for detail design of that component. Its means IE team will receive the component of human effort engineering and system efficiency engineering during some state of a system's design.
To support systems engineering process four types of teams are typically used.
1. SE Management Team
2. Requirements and Architecture Team
3. Development Team
4. System Integration and Verification Team

SE Management Subprocess

Essential activities of this subprocess are:
Overall objectives of the system design, development and deployment program are defined.
Management processes for various technical activities involved System DDD including methods and techniques for evaluation of effectiveness, risk, quality, and efficiency are specified.
The SE process to be applied to the project is to be documented in a SE Management Plan.
Project's progress will be tracked and managed.
Configuration management (CM) activity will control configuration change requests and the necessary changes to requirements.
Risk management will be undertaken

Requirements and Architecture Definition Subprocess

Essential activities
Customer needs and requirements are ascertained or defined or refined as appropriate.
Assessment of available technologies is done to determine the constraints on the requirements and architecture definition subprocess.
Requirements are analyzed, and are derived and further refined where necessary.
Optimization analysis is done to identify desired characteristics of the system.
System behavior is defined through functional analysis, and functional performance requirements are allocated to these functions.
Architecture is defined and requirements are traced to all system elements.
Requirements for each system element are documented in specifications, drawings and interface documents.

Design. Production and Deployment Subprocess

Eight  primary functions are associated with system life cycle. They are development, production, test, deployment, operations, training, support, and disposition. The products in the system engineering process associated with operations are termed as end products and products associated with other phases are termed enabling products.
Core Design teams develop the operations end products and the test enbaling products.
Integrated Logistics Support teams develop teh support and training enabling prouducts.
Production teams develop the production enabling products.
Deployment teams develop the deploymengt and disposition enabling products.
System management teams and other teams develop development enabling products.

Systems Integration and Verification Subprocess

Essential Elements
System integration and verification plan is developed.
Test and evaluation requirements are defined.
Test activities are developed for each element.
Integration activities are developed for each pair of elements.

Key Elements of Systems Engineering

1. Systems Engineering Management Plan
2. Systems Engineering Master Schedule - Key Milestones and events
3. Systems Engineering Detailed Schedule - Task oriented schedule.
4. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)- Products and process development plan and due dates.
5. Requirements
6. Technical Performance Measurement: of the system
7. Technical Review and Audits: Technical review of the progress of the project

Key Questions of Systems Engineering

Need

What needs are we trying to fill

Operations Concept

Who are the intended users

Functional Requirements

What specific services will we provide

System Architecture

What elements make up the overall approach?

Allocated Requirements

Which elements address which requirements?

Detailed Design

Are the details correct?
Do they meet requirements?

Implementation

Will the solution be satisfactory in terms of cost and schedule?

Test

What is our evidence of success?

References

James Martin, Systems Engineering Guidebook, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA , 1996.

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System Engineering Course Pages, Articles and Papers

Course on Design in Space Systems http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/courses/aoe4065/
A good Presentation on System Engineering http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~cdhall/courses/aoe4065/SE.pdf
What is Systems Engineering? A Consensus of the INCOSE Fellows


Related Knols




Original knol - http://knol.google.com/k/ system-engineering-process-and-its-management - knol Number - 1206

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Bibliography

System Engineering Management Plan - Model Text
http://home.btconnect.com/managingstandard/semp.htm

Project Management vs.System Engineering Management
2010 paper by Sharon,Weck and Dori, Technion
http://esml.iem.technion.ac.il/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/20187_fta.pdf

Saturday, September 22, 2012

IEs focus on System Efficiency - More IE Institutes Declare Now




Senior design projects consist of a real-world application of IE principles by teaming students with a local industry in Indiana. Teams have taken on full-scale projects like designing floor layouts for factories and hospitals, designing operations to improve system efficiency, reducing time and waste in processing, allocating resources to optimize system performance, and developing a safety plan for preventing work-related injuries.

Purdue University

https://engineering.purdue.edu/IE/Academics/IEUndergrad


Industrial engineering is a engineering discipline which is with the goal of improving system efficiency and realizing system optimization, it combines engineering technology and management science, from the system point  to processing quantitative analysis, optimization and design of actual engineering and management issues of manufacturing, service and other enterprises’ technology management, production planning, operations management etc.

Hebei United University

http://international.heuu.edu.cn/NewsInfo.aspx?NewsID=410


Industrial engineering is the branch of engineering that tries to maximize the efficiency of machine, process, product, or system. An industrial engineer tries to eliminate waste of time, materials, energy, money, and other resources. The branch plays a pivotal role in increasing efficiencies and decreasing waste and helps in almost all industries

http://www.internships.com/intern/engineering/industrial

The Engineering system group in the Department of Industrial Engineering of Tsinghua University endeavors to improve understanding about the nature of operations in engineering systems, such as, production systems, service systems (logistics, healthcare, etc), and develop methods and techniques to improve efficiency, quality and cost of manufacturing and service, since these factors directly affect the quality of life of people in China as well as in the world.

http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/publish/ieen/2228/index.html


Whether it's streamlining an operating room, distributing products worldwide, improving customer relationships through the internet or designing an airplane cockpit, all industrial engineers share the common goal of increasing an organization's efficiency, profitability and safety.

University of Toronto.
http://www.discover.engineering.utoronto.ca/programs/academic-programs/industrial.htm

Industrial engineering technicians specialize in helping to determine the most efficient way to use people, machines, materials, and energy in business and industry. That role is becoming more important as factories become more automated and manufacturing becomes more time conscious and quality oriented.
http://personal.tusc.kent.edu/engtech/programs/academic/associate/industrial.html




Total Cost Industrial Engineering - Bibliography






Total cost industrial engineering



Total cost industrial engineering is a framework that helps industrial engineers to visualize the total enterprise cost in terms of  individual resources, various processes or methods, various systems and products which they analyse to eliminate waste or improve efficiency and drive total cost reduction, waste elimination and improve efficiency.
http://nraoiekc.blogspot.in/2012/09/total-cost-industrial-engineering.html



A New Design For Production (DFP) Methodology with Two Case Studies
Includes discussion costing based on operation based costing
Lee Ming Wong G. Gary Wang, Doug Strong
http://www.sfu.ca/~gwa5/index_files/Dfp-9-12-03.PDF


Operation Based Cost Measurement Model
Article
Authors: Balbinder Deo Doug --- Doug Strong
Year: 2009



Decomposition heuristic to minimize totalcost in a multi-level supply chain network
Byung Ki Lee, Kyung Hwan Kang, Young Hoon Lee,
Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea

Computers & Industrial Engineering
Volume 54, Issue 4, May 2008, Pages 945–959


Supply/demand chain modeling utilizing logistical-based costing
Author(s): Jake M. Kosior, (Supply Chain Solutions International, Winnipeg, Canada), Doug Strong, (Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada)
Jake M. Kosior, Doug Strong, (2006) "Supply/demand chain modeling utilizing logistical-based costing", Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 19 Iss: 3, pp.346 - 360, 2004




Cost Measurement and Analysis-A Necessary Part of Industrial Engineering Education Training
Article
Authors: Balbinder Deo Doug --- Doug Strong
IIE magazine 2002


OPERATION BASED COSTING MODEL FOR MEASURING
PRODUCTIVITY IN PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Phd Thesis, 2001
Balbinder Singh Deo
Guide: Doug Strong
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57506.pdf


Cost: The Ultimate Measure of Productivity

By Deo, Balbinder S.; Strong, Doug
Magazine article from Industrial Management, Vol. 42, No. 3, May/June 2000


Friday, September 21, 2012

Interesting Introductory Chapter of Comprehensive Industrial Engineering by N.J. Manek

Samsonite - Low Price Point Product Strategy in India

Tata Nano Product Strategy



March 2012
Tata Nano 800cc variant Coming soon: Will it succeed in the Entry-level car segment?
http://trak.in/tags/business/2012/03/02/will-tata-nano-800cc-variant-suceed-in-entry-level-car-segment/


24 JAN, 2012,
'World's cheapest car' tag backfires for Tata Nano
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11612425.cms

Tata Nano’s new sales strategy in place
http://www.carkhabri.com/carnews/tata-nanos-new-sales-strategy-in-place


How to succeed in ultra low cost car market?
http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/b7c7b362-2288-4f07-aa0d-6c4d45cd0817

Low Price Point - Value Engineered Product - Cost Leadership Strategy

Tuesday, September 18, 2012

Terry Bradshaw Features Institute of Industrial Engineers in Today in America - YouTube Video



Today in America TV Presentation on IIE
Uploaded 29 August 2012
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What is Industrial Engineering? A presentation by Narayana Rao
Uploaded 9 September 2012
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Employee Involvement in Industrial Engineering Projects - A presentation by Narayana Rao
Uploaded 8 October  2012

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Value Engineering of Automobiles

Sunday, September 16, 2012

Henry Hallowell Farquhar - HBS Professor's Support to Scientific Management



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hallowell_Farquhar

http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~bak00135


Henry Hallowell Farquhar received his undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan in 1915 and an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1916.

Farquhar, a strong supporter of Frederick Taylor’s scientific management theory, assisted in teaching factory management at Harvard Business School in 1915-1916 while studying for MBA.

After graduation, he instructed that course from 1916-1920 and in 1920, he was promoted to Assistant Professor of Industrial Management.  After teaching Industrial Management for six years, Farquhar resigned from the faculty of Harvard Business School as a result of differences of opinion over the way this course should be taught.

Henry Farquhar worked as a consultant on production, sales , and financial reorganization work for various firms in the Boston area while on the faculty of Harvard Business School. In 1925 he became the comptroller for A. L. Smith Iron Works in Chelsea, Massachusetts.

Saturday, September 15, 2012

Bulletin of the Taylor Society - Articles - Oklahoma University Library Collection



Search Results

http://digital.libraries.ou.edu/cdm/search/searchterm/Bulletin%20of%20the%20Taylor%20Society/mode/exact

Download facility is there from the digital library


A word from President; Scientific Management and Labor Unions; Scientific Management in the Sales Department; Scientific Management in the Sales Department  
1914 December


  Individuality in Industry; The Index as a Factor in Industry  
1915 May

 

  Individuality in Industry  
1915 August

 

  Scientific Management in Government Establishments  
1915 October

 

  [Discussion of centralization of administrative authority] (Cataloger supplied title; pages are missing)  
1919 April      Bass Business History - Bulletin of the Taylor Society
 

  Scientific management and progress: a discussion of how far scientific management is coping with present day industrial problems and what is the outlook for the future; Scientific management and its relation to the health of the worker  
1916 November

 

  Current Wage Theories; Scientific Management and Organized Labor; The Supervisor of Personnel; A Proposed Modification of Task and Bonus;  
1915 January

 

  Scientific methods of management applied to various types of industry; On the index as a factor in industry  
1916 July

 

  Field of activity of the society; The progressive relation between efficiency and consent; Discussion  
1916 January

 

  Scientific methods applied to the beating of paper stock; Discussion; Scientific Managament  
1916 October



  The Manager, The Workman and the Social Scientist : Discussion; Die Brucke : A Plan for the World Organization of Intellectual Labor  
1917 December

 

  Profit sharing: Why it will not solve the difficulties between capital and labor; Personal history: some interesting facts and comments about his early training and later pastimes; Government efficiency; The principles of scientific management  
1916 December
Scientific management; Labor-saving devices   Bass Business History - Bulletin of the Taylor Society
 

  The opportunities and obligations of the Taylor Society  
1919 February    


  The Manager, the Workman, and the Social Scientist : Their Functional Interdependence as Observers and Judges of Industrial Mechanisms, Processes and Policies; Scientific Management and Progress : A Discussion of how Far Scientific Management is...  
1917 February

 

  Spring Meeting; Comment and News; Two Foreign Letters of Timely Interest; Discipline on the Border : A Hint to Management; Control and Consent : A Discussion of Instructions, Initiative, and Individualism in Industry; A Note on Routing :...  
1917 March

 

  Planning power-plant work; Discussion  
1917 January

 

  Hospital Organization as Shown by Charts of Personnel and Powers and Functions  
1917 October

 

  Application of scientific principles to office management; Taylor methods in French War industries; What Lenine said about the ""Taylor Society""; Some English observations on scientific management;  
1919 June

 

  Personal Relationship as a Basis of Scientific Management; The Progressive Relation Between Efficiency and Consent  
1915 November

 

  Program for the Annual Meeting; Who is Boss in Your Shop? : Individual vs. Group Leadership, and their Relation to Consent and the Ideals of Democracy; Principles of Storage Applicable to Army Supplies : Storage Committee Bulletin No. 7; The Method...  
1917 August
 
 

  Diminishing returns in manufactures; On the computation of percentage of labor turnover; Principles of storage;  
1919 August

 

  Scientific management: new brief statement of its nature and history; Positive contributions of scientific management: the elimination of some losses characteristic of present-day manufacture; Cost of living in relation to wage adjustments: a...  
1919 October

 

  Some organization lessons of the war; Industrial relations, some noteworthy recent developments; Industrial relations, a general discussion