INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING is redesign (engineering) of Products, Facilities and Processes for Productivity increase.
Productivity Management Imperative for USA - McKinsey. Returning US productivity to its long-term trend of 2.2 percent annual growth would add $10 trillion in cumulative GDP over the next ten years (2023 - 2030).
INTRODUCTION TO MODERN INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. E-Book FREE Download.
Lesson 214 of Industrial Engineering FREE ONLINE Course.
Motion Study Charts - Sub-Module
Lesson 212 Motion Study Charts - The Two-Handed Process Chart for Motion Study
Lesson 213 SIMO Chart Using Therbligs - Two Handed Chart for Micro-Motion Study
Lesson 214 Motion Analysis - Two Handed Operation/Process Chart - Operator Motions Chart
Lesson 215 SIMO Chart Analysis
Principles of Motion Economy
Principles of Motion Economy are to be used in motion design, motion analysis, motion study of human operators. Motion design is a technique of Human Effort Industrial Engineering, a core focus area of Industrial Engineering. They can also be used in robot motion design.
Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
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Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
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Principles of motion economy emerged out of the productivity science of human effort and motions pioneered in detail by Frank Gilbreth along with F.W. Taylor.
1. The two hands should begin as well as complete their motions at the same time.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
References
Ralph M. Barnes, Motion and Time Study Measurement of Work, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980
Use of the Human Body
1. The two hands should begin as well as complete their motions at the same time.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
Arrangement of the workplace
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
Design of tools and equipment
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
References
Ralph M. Barnes, Motion and Time Study Measurement of Work, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980
Principles of Motion Economy
Principles of Motion Economy are to be used in motion design, motion analysis, motion study of human operators. Motion design is a technique of Human Effort Industrial Engineering, a core focus area of Industrial Engineering. They can also be used in robot motion design.
Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
______________________________________________________________
Functions and Focus Areas of Industrial Engineering
______________________________________________________________
Questions for Motion Analysis Based on Principles of Motion Economy
Use of the Human Body
1. The two hands should begin as well as complete their motions at the same time.
Are both hands starting the motion at the same time?
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
2. The two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.
Are both hand idle at the same time? Is it planned rest period?
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
3. Motions of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be made simultaneously.
Are both hands doing motion symmetrically in opposite directions?
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
4. Hand and body motions should be confined to the lowest classification with which it is possible to perform the work satisfactorily.
Is the lowest body part (Hand part - finger, wrist, elbow, or arm) being used?
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
5. Momentum should be employed to assist the worker wherever possible, and it should be reduced to a minimum if it must be overcome by muscular effort.
What is the momentum in motion? Is it being used properly?
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
6. Smooth continuous motion of the hands are preferable to straight line motions involving sudden and sharp changes in direction.
Are motions smooth and continuous?
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
7. Ballistic movements are faster, easier and more accurate than restricted (fixation) or controlled movements.
Are moments ballistic?
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
8. Work should be arranged to permit an easy and natural rhythm wherever possible.
Is there rhythm in the work?
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
9. Eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.
How many eye fixations are there in the motion?
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
Arrangement of the workplace
10. There should be a definite and fixed place for all tools and materials. (5S)
To minimize search and select therebligs every thing should have a definite place. Is it there?
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
11. Tools, materials and controls should be located close to the point of use.
What is the distance at which tools, materials and controls are kept? Can it be made more closer?
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
12. Gravity feed bins and containers should be used to deliver material close to the point of use.
Are gravity feeds being used for material input as well as for finished items?
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
13. Drop deliveries should be used wherever possible.
Drop delivery is easy release load and gravity feed. You don't have position therebligs in the case of drop delivery.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
14. Materials and tools should be located to permit the best sequence of motions.
What is the sequence of motions due to placement of materials and tools? Can it be changed for motion time reduction?
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
15. Provisions should be made for adequate conditions for seeing. Good illumination is the first requirement for satisfactory visual perception.
16. The height of the work place and the chair should preferably arranged so that alternate sitting and standing at work are easily possible.
Is the sit - stand facility there?
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
17. A chair of the type and height to permit good posture should be provided for every worker.
Is the chair giving good posture?
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
Design of tools and equipment
18. The hands should be relieved of all work that can be done more advantageously by a jig, a fixture, or a foot-operated device.
It is an important point? Is there a work holding device? Does it guide the tool?
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
Jig and Fixture Design
19. Two or more tools should be combined wherever possible.
If in the same tool two task provision is there, certain therbligs are saved.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
Combination Tools
20. Tools and materials should be prepositioned whenever possible.
Are tools and materials getting prepositioned for easy grasping?
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
21. Where each finger performs some specific movement, such as in typewriting, the load should be distributed in accordance with the inherent capacities of the fingers.
What is the load on each finger?
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
22. Levers, hand wheels and other controls should be located in such positions that the operator can manipulate them with the least change in body position and with the greatest speed and ease.
What is the comfort or discomfort for the operation in operating controls?
Application and Case Studies
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT ON LAMP ASSEMBLY LINE
Conference Paper · October 2016
Improving The Assembly Process of Down lighter by using Two Hand Process Chart
Kajal Sejpal
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)
ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-6 Issue-4, April 2017
In this project, productivity is improved by optimizing certain operations of the manual assembly process of a product. In this paper, flow process chart of assembly line of a particular product is
studied. The two hand process chart of selective time consuming operations is carried out. The time saved and improvement to the operations is noted. A new standard process in manual assembly line is created, time is saved as well as energy of the worker is also saved. This leads to increased units of production and lesser fatigue.
https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.275373/2015.275373.Motion-And_djvu.txt
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